Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power and Machines Dept.

Fall 2023

Student Name
Section No.

I
 Page

Power System

Economic Operation of Power Systems

Control

Excitation Control Systems

I
Economic Operation of Power Systems
1. Objectives

2. Theoretical Background
2.1 Economic Dispatch
economic dispatch calculation dispatch

Fi = Ai + BiPi + Ci Pi2 (MBtu/hr) (1)

Ci = I+ i Pi + i Pi2 ($/hr)
 L = Ci + (PD Pi) = ( i+ i Pi+ i Pi2) + (PD Pi) (2)

L
i Pi i i Pi i
Pi
N
(3)
L
PD Pi
i

P
P
P (4)
and
P P P PD

2.2 Optimal Power Flow

 3. Computer Simulation

base case

AGC ON 268.2 MW AGC ON 309.8 MW

OPF
136 MW
A
102 MW A

L4 = 1.00 Load Scalar: 1.30

L1 = 1.00 MVA MVA

1 1.05 pu 3 0.99 pu 4 1.00 pu

Total Area Load: 858.0 MW
84 MW 61 MW
166 MW 322 MW 172 MW Total Area Losses: 0.00 MW
86 Mvar 64 Mvar
A A

83% A
A Total Hourly Cost: 13959.73 $/h
90%
MVA
MVA
MVA
MVA Marginal Cost ($/MWh): 25.24 $/MWh
64 MW
A 215 MW
G1 Fuel Cost: 1.0 $
100%
MVA G2 Fuel Cost: 1.0 $
2 1.04 pu 5 0.93 pu
G4 Fuel Cost: 1.0 $
L2 = 1.00
86 MW 279 MW
43 Mvar 86 Mvar
AGC ON 280.0 MW
.1 Optimal Operation of Lossless System
. Effect of System Loading
Effect of Fuel Price
4. Effect of Network Configuration of Solution of Losses Case
Optimal Power Flow ( Lossless Case)
Post-Lab Discussion
 Excitation Control Systems

1. Objectives

1
2. Background
2.1. Excitation Control System

2.2. Exciter Types

2.2.1 DC Generator-Commutator Exciter

2
2.2.2 Brushless (Rotating Rectifier) Exciter

2.2.3 Static Exciter

3
2.3. Modeling of AVR Loop
2.3.1 Voltage Regulator Model

2.3.2 Exciter Model

4
 Table 1 Parameters of Voltage Regulators & Exciters

2.3.3 Generator Model

2.3.4 Voltage Transducer

5
2.3.5 Exciter Stabilizer

2.3.6 Block Diagram for AVR Loop With Simulink:

6

. Effect of Saturation

8
Without Saturation With Saturation
Effect of Exciter Type, Loading Condition and Stabilizer

No stabilizer, N.L. No stabilizer, F.L.

With stabilizer, N.L With stabilizer, F.L

Table Summary of Results
4. Post-Lab Discussion