PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

OF
ENDOCARDITIS
BY: FRANS MALLARE BULARAN
(BSN 2-YA-7)
 RISK FACTORS:
Long-term Catheter Use, Illegal Intravenous Drug Use, Poor Dental Health, Congenital Heart
Defects, Artificial Heart Valves, Damaged Heart Valves, Older Age (Adults over 60 are most
commonly affected by endocarditis)

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS:
Gram-Positive Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Enterococci Infections cause the great majority of
instances of infected endocarditis. Between them, these three categories account for 80–90% of
all cases; in the industrialized world, Staphylococcus aureus alone accounts for about 30% of
cases.

DISEASE TRANSMISSION:
Germs that enter the bloodstream and proceed to the heart cause endocarditis. The most
frequent cause of endocarditis is bacterial infection. Additionally, fungus like Candida can induce
endocarditis.

WHAT IS HAPPENING INSIDE THE BODY:

An infection of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves that can be fatal is called
endocarditis. The endocardium is the name given to this lining. An infection is typically the cause
of endocarditis. Germs such as fungi, bacteria, or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream
and adhere to the damaged of the heart.

INITIAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

High Body Temperature, Chills, Sweats at Night, Headaches, Breathlessness (Particularly while
Exercising, Cough, Fatigue, Tiredness, Joint and Muscular Aches

DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS: LABORATORY RESULTS:

Blood Culture Test, Complete Blood Count,
Echocardiogram, Electrocardiogram (ECG or
EKG), Chest X-ray, Computerized Tomography
(CT) Scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI).
Elevated White Blood Cell Count, Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate, Rheumatoid Factor, and
Elevated BUN and creatinine if
glomerulonephritis is present.

STRONG/MORE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

The majority of endocarditis patients have nonspecific symptoms including fever, exhaustion, or
chest pain. These symptoms can be indicative of several serious illnesses, so a comprehensive
workup is required. Chills and fever are the most typical symptoms. Common symptoms include
anorexia, weight loss, headaches, myalgias, night sweats, coughing, and joint pains. Valvular
insufficiency may be the cause of congestive heart failure signs and symptoms.

THE DISEASE: ENDOCARDITIS

Native Valve Endocarditis Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Intravenous Drug Abuse

(NVE) (PVE) (IVDA) Endocarditis
acute and subacute Early and Late