PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

OF
MYOCARDITIS
BY: FRANS MALLARE BULARAN
(BSN 2-YA-7)
 RISK FACTORS:

Diabetes, Eating Disorders, HIV/AIDS, Poor Dental Health, Excessive Alcohol Intake, Genetics,
Congenital Cardiac Defects, Use of Recreational Drugs such as Cocaine or Amphetamines

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS:
Numerous infectious (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) and non-infectious (such as
systemic immune-mediated diseases, medications, vaccinations, and poisons) causes may
trigger myocarditis. Several bacteria which includes Legionella, Staphylococci, Salmonella,
Shigella, Streptococci, Clostridium, and Tuberculosis. Parasites such as Trichinosis and
schistosomiasis and some protozoa such as Toxoplasmosis gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi.

DISEASE TRANSMISSION:
Myocarditis is frequently caused by a fungal infection (candidiasis), bacterial infection (diphtheria
or strep), or viral infection (cold or flu).

WHAT IS HAPPENING INSIDE THE BODY:

The middle layer of the heart wall, known as the myocardium, is inflamed when there is
myocarditis. The electrical system and muscle cells in your heart are impacted by myocarditis,
which can cause abnormal cardiac rhythms and issues with the pumping action of your heart.

INITIAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

Chest Pain, Fatigue, Swelling in the Legs, Ankles and Feet, A Rapid or Fluctuating Heartbeat
(Arrhythmias), Breathlessness, ither during working out or at rest, Dizziness or the Possibility of
Passing Out
symptoms of the flu, such as sore throat, fever, joint discomfort, headache, and body aches.

DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS: LABORATORY RESULTS:

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Chest X-ray, Heart
MRI (Cardiac MRI), Echocardiogram, Cardiac
catheterization and heart muscle biopsy
Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Liver function
Tests (LFTs), Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count,
Rheumatologic Screening, Cardiac Enzymes and
Natriuretic Peptide, Serum Viral Antibody Titers, Basic
Metabolic Panel

STRONG/MORE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

A febrile sickness, minor chest pain, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or even death
are among the possible clinical presentations. The management is often supportive, but the
clinical diagnosis is frequently difficult. It contributes significantly to morbidity and death. The most
frequent presenting symptoms are dyspnea (19–49% of cases), fever (around 65% of cases), and
chest pain (85–95% of cases), although it may not always be symptomatic.

THE DISEASE: MYOCARDITIS

Chronic Active Chronic Persistent

Acute Myocarditis Fulminant Myocarditis Myocarditis Myocarditis