Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Myocarditis and
Pericardial Disease
Dr. Pace
September 22, 2005
Chapter 55
Cardiomyopathy
3rd most common form of heart disease in
U.S.
2nd most common cause of adolescent
sudden death(IHSS or HOCM)
Directly affects cardiac structure and
impairs myocardial function
Cardiomyopathy
Four types
Dilated Cardiomyopathy(DCM)
Hypertrophied Cardiomopathy(HCM)
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Dysrhythmic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilation and compensatory hypertrophy of
myocardium
Depressed systolic function and pump
failure with low cardiac output
80% of DCM cases are idiopathic
African Americans and males have 2.5x
increased risk
Most common age of diagnosis 20-50yrs
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Clinical Presentation
Acute MI
Restrictive Pericarditis
Acute valvular disruption
Sepsis
Any other condition that results in low
cardiac output state
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
ED care and disposition
EKG-LVH in 30%,
Left atrial enlargement In 25-50%
Large septal Q waves-25%
CXR-usually normal
Echo-study of choice-demonstrates
disproportionate septal hypertrophy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
ED Care and Disposition
Constrictive pericarditis
Diastolic left ventricular dysfunction(due to
ischemic or hypertensive heart disease)
Need to differentiate restrictive
cardiomyopathy from constrictive
pericarditis(surgical treatment)
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
ED Care and Disposition
Supportive care
Blood cultures
Antibiotics for bacterial cause
Watch for signs of progressive heart
failure
Acute Pericarditis
Loose visceral pericardium and dense
parietal pericardium surround heart
Pericardial space may contain up to 50ml
normally
Etiologies of acute pericarditis-viral,
bacterial, fungal, malignancy, drugs,
radiation, connective tissue disorder,
uremia, myxedema, post-MI, or idiopathic
Acute Pericarditis
Clinical Features
Most common-sudden or gradual onset of
sharp or stabbing pain with radiation to
back, neck, L shoulder or arm
Radiation to L trapezial ridge is
distinguishing
Pain more severe with lying supine and
relieved with sitting
Low grade fever, dyspnea and dysphagia
Transient, intermittent friction rub
Acute Pericarditis
Diagnosis
EKG-changes in four stages
1-ST elevation in I, V5 and V6, PR depression in
II, aVF and V4-V6
2-ST segment normalizes, T wave decreases
3-Inverted T waves in leads with previous ST
elevation
4-Return to normal ECG
In I, V5, or V6 ST:Twave ratio >0.25 most likely
acute pericarditis
Acute Pericarditis
Diagnosis and Differential
Supportive care
Symptomatic patients require admission
and pericardiectomy
QUESTIONS
Which is the 2nd most common cause of adolescent
sudden death?
A. Suicide
B. MVA
C. Overdose
D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D
Which of the following is not useful in cadiac
tamponade?
a. IV fluids
b. Pericardiocentesis
c. Bedside ultrasound
d. Diuretics
e. Ekg
d.
Which of the following is not found on the
EKG of acute pericarditis
A. ST elevation and PR depression
B. Normal EKG
C. Inverted Twave
D. Electrical Alternans d
Which is not a sign or symptom of acute
pericarditis?
A. Sharp stabbing chest pain with
radiation to back, neck or L shoulder
B. Osler’s Nodes
C. Friction Rub
D. Pain worse with lying supine
B,
b
Which is not one of the 4 types of
cardiomyopathy?
A. Infectious
B. Dilated
C. Hypertrophied
D. Restrictive
E. Dysrhythmic Right Ventricular
A
Head CT
Look at bony structure-fx?
Look at periphery for epidural
Or Subdural bleeding
Look at parenchyma
Is there bleeding or infarct?
Is there a mass
Look at ventricles-
Are they normal size?
Are they clear