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Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic
conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his
small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and
through evaporation from his respiratory tract.
Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved
various experiments with these small animals. Could kangaroo rats somehow store water in their
bodies and slowly utilize these resources in the long periods when no free water is available from
dew or rain? The simplest way to settle this question was to determine the total water content in
the animals to see if it decreases as they are kept for long periods on a dry diet. If they slowly use
up their water, the body should become increasingly dehydrated, and if they begin with a store of
water, this should be evident from an initial high water content. Results of such experiments with
kangaroo rats on dry diets for more than 7 weeks showed that the rats maintained their body
weight. There was no trend toward a decrease in water content during the long period of water
deprivation. When the kangaroo rats were given free access to water, they did not drink water.
They did nibble on small pieces of watermelon, but this did not change appreciably the water
content in their bodies, which remained at 66.3 to 67.2 during this period.
This is very close to the water content of dry-fed animals (66.5), and the availability of
free water, therefore, did not lead to any “storage” that could be meaningful as a water reserve.
This makes it reasonable to conclude that physiological storage of water is not a factor in the
kangaroo rat’s ability to live on dry food.
81. What is the topic of this passage?
A. Kangaroo rats B. Water in the desert
C. Desert life D. Physiological experiments
82. The word “expire” is closest in meaning to
A. become ill B. die C. shrink D. dehydrate
83. Which of the following is NOT a source of water for the desert animals?
A. Desert plants
B. Metabolic conversion of carbohydrates in the body
C. The blood of other animals
D. Streams
84. The word “it” refers to
A. water B. the desert C. the opportunity D. a living thing
85. The author states that the kangaroo rat is known for all of the following EXCEPT
A. the economy with which it uses available water
B. living without drinking water
C. breathing slowly and infrequently
D. manufacturing water internally
86. The word “parsimony” is closest in meaning to
A. intelligence B. desire C. frugality D. skill
87. It is implied by the author that desert animals can exist with little or no water because of
________.
A. less need for water than other animals
B. their ability to adjust to the desert environment
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C. their ability to eat plants
D. many opportunities for them to find water
88. The word “deprivation” is closest in meaning to
A. preservation B. renewal C. examination D. loss
89. According to the passage, the results of the experiments with kangaroo rats showed that
A. kangaroo rats store water for use during dry periods.
B. kangaroo rats took advantage of free access to water.
C. there was no significant change in body weight due to lack of water or accessibility
to water.
D. a dry diet seems detrimental to the kangaroo rat’s health.
90. The tone of the passage is ________.
A. critical B. scientific C. optimistic D. negative
PART 2: WRITING (2.0points)
Task 1: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (1.0 pt – 0.1/ each)
For questions 1–5, finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same
meaning as the first sentence
91. He left school and then he joined the army.
After he had left school, he joined the army.
92. People believe that he speaks six languages fluently.
He is believed to speak six languages fluently.
93. Something must be done quickly to solve the problem of homelessness.
Urgent action must be taken to solve the problem of homelessness.
Urgent solution to the the problem of homelessness must be done quickly.
94. The teachers agreed to introduce the new methods.
There was an agreement among the teachers to introduce the new methods.
There was an agreement among the teachers with the introduction of the new methods.
95. But for his contributions, the project wouldn’t have been completed successfully.
Had it not been for his contributions, the project wouldn’t have been completed successfully.
For questions 6–10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words, including the word given.
96. The previous manager wasn't running the club well, so he was replaced. (badly)
@ The club was being badly run by the previous manager, so he was replaced.
97. You got lost because you didn't do what I told you. (instructions)
@ If you had followed my instructions you wouldn't have got lost.
@ If you had listened to my instructions you wouldn't have got lost.
98. We were all surprised when she suddenly left the job. (found)
@ All of us found it surprising when she suddenly left the job.
99. He doesn't often find it difficult to earn money. (trouble)
@ He seldom has trouble (in) earning money.
100. Could you deliver the goods to my home? (delivered)
@ Could I have/get the goods delivered to my home?
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Part 2: PARAGRAPH WRITING (1.0 pt)
Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do
you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Write a paragraph in
about 120-150 words to express your ideas.