By

Rehab Abdel Moneim Qorany

 Biosecurity
Is a set of standard scientific measures, adopted to
exclude pathogens from culture environments and
hosts and limit the spreading of pathogens.
‫األمن احليوي هو العمليات اليت تنفذ للحد من خماطر دخول‬
.‫وانتشار العدوى‬
 Goals of Biosecurity
 Minimise the introduction, trigger (make worse) and
spread of pests and diseases onto, within and from
farms.

 Maintain and improve your market access and the

social licence of your industry.

 Reduce the costs of pests and diseases to your

productivity and ongoing management.
How pests and diseases can be
introduced and spread
Protect your Farm
Protect your Farm
1. Maintaining health in a fish population: a- Genetically improved fish and
pathogen free stocks. B- Prophylactic therapy. C- Follow good animal
husbandry practices. The benefits of good animal welfare and biosecurity go
hand-in-hand and should minimise animal STRESS where practicable
(GOOD DAILY MANAGEMENT): a qualified staff measure DO, temp.,
salinity, ammonia or nitrate production and keep the tank clean.
2. Regularly monitor your stock for signs of unusual behaviours, colourations,
pests or mortalities by recording (written, photographic). Knowing what is
normal will help you
to recognise what isn’t.

3.Obtain disease-free by keeping

records of all stock movements onto, within and
off your farm so they can be traced in the event of a problem.
4. All people (including workers and visitors), equipment, vehicles
and vessels represent potential ways of spreading pests or diseases
onto, within or off your farm. Make sure they have been cleaned
and disinfected properly before entering and leaving your farm.

5. Carry out biosecurity training of the staff to explain required

behaviours and hygiene practices
on your farm.

6. Implementing good biosecurity practices will in turn help you

prevent, reduce or manage those risks.
BIOSECURITY PRACTICES
1- Stock Health Management:

 Maintain appropriate stocking densities.

 Maintain optimum water quality levels (Do,ph,temp,.).
 Avoid unnecessary or rough handling of stock.
 Keep transfers within or between farms to a minimum.
 Remove dead or dying stock from remaining stock as
soon as practicable.
 keep records of all aspects
of stock health management.
2- Water:
Water sources:
 Maintain good water quality and enough water at all times.
 Install screens on intake pipes to prevent entry of undesirable
organisms (e.g. wildlife) and on discharge pipes to avoid stock escapes.
 Design pipework, raceways, ponds, tanks etc., so they can be easily
cleaned without discharge of untreated effluent into the environment.
 Treat or dispose of all water used in the transport of stock in a biosecure
manner (i.e. that does not pose a hazard to the environment or
neighbouring farms).
 It is difficult to minimise the risk of diseases entering in open system
farms. Therefore, should consider compartments to separate
populations (epidemiological separation).
 Monitor and keep records.
3- Stock Movements and Containment:
A- Only stock of known health status should be
introduced onto your farm. Health status should be
equal or better than stock already present, available
health certificate, available certificate of origin and
valid import/export permit.
B- If stock of unknown health status is to be
introduced (e.g. wild broodstock, seed stock), this
stock should be isolated in separate production
units or dedicated quarantine facilities.
Quarantine:
is one of the most important animal
management and biosecurity measures.
Major components of quarantine include:
all-in-allout stocking, isolation or separation,
observation and diet adjustment, and sampling
and treatment.
Keep accurate records of all stock movements
onto, within or off your farm
4. Equipment, Vehicles and Vessels:
 Equipment, vehicles or vessels travel between farms,
appropriate cleaning and disinfection with chlorine,
Virkon S or iodophore.
 Individual tanks must have their own items, as beakers,
pails and nets, to collect fish, and tanks must not share
water to avoid contamination, which can spread disease..
 Keep records of all instances of cleaning.
 Note
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol
The following steps are recommended in this order to
routinely clean and disinfect equipment.
 Manually remove dirt and organic matter.
 Clean vigorously with a detergent or soap and water.
 Rinse.
 Apply a disinfectant with appropriate contact time.
 Rinse again or neutralize.
 Dry completely (preferably in the sun).
5. Feeds:
 Feed must be stored in a cool dry place so as to retain vitamin C, which is
easily oxidized, and to avoid contamination by fungus, which can cause
disease.
 Also, you must add Vitamin C to diets of marine fishes on a regular basis to
minimize ammonia and to enhance fish immunity in a rate of 0.5–2 Kg/Ton.
 You should acidify live trash fish or shrimp feed with Na or K diformate in a
rate of 20 gm / Kg live food mixed just before feeding. The acidification will
kill purifying bacteria .
 Yeast can be added to diets in a rate of 2 Kg / Ton food as immunostimulant ,
growth enhancer and acidifier .
 Molasses are added because they are good source of Vitamin B.
6. People Management:
 Access controls to prevent unauthorized entry.
 Training should be provided to staff on the
aspects of the biosecurity plan.
 Keep records of education and staff training.
 Restrict staff and visitor access to sensitive areas (e.g.
broodstock, hatcheries, and quarantine areas).
 Keep records of all visitors to your farm:
Registration: (name, date and the purpose of the visit),
wearing lab coat, boots, foot bath and hands
Disinfection, Avoid fish areas).
7. Wildlife:
 Exclude predators (wildlife).
 Keep records of any presence of wildlife and any
preventive or corrective actions taken.
8. Surveillance:
 Regularly inspect all of your stock and record
abnormalities and mortalities (including early
signs of stress, behavioural changes or presence
of diseases).
9. Waste:
 Disposal of waste should be to an approved waste
site or waste management company.
10. Audit:
 Farms should have a veterinary health plan
(VHP), which includes a biosecurity plan that sets
out biosecurity protocols, preventive measures
and treatments.
11. Contingency Plans
 All farm staff should understand what to do in the
event of an incident.
 Natural disasters (e.g., storm damage, flooding, fire),
chemical or oil spill, water supply (e.g. availability),
pest incursion, water quality, contaminated effluent
water, mass mortalities, etc.,
12. Record Keeping:
Maintain records to:
 Stock transfer.
 stock health.
 purchases and sales.
 monitoring and surveillance activities.
 Sampling, testing, treatment and vaccination.
 stocking densities.
 Feed schedule.
 Environmental parameters.
 Stock disease and mortalities.
 Cleaning and disinfection.
 Staff training and education.
 Visitor.
Basic biosecurity measures for
Hatcheries
Appropriate hatchery design for biosecurity
building to reduce high fluctuations in temperature, which can
stress the fish. Proper to prevent the entry of animals and
unauthorized persons. Constructing for other sections
in the hatchery.
 Constant (24 hours) of the fish and sufficient and
should isolate aerators and water pumps to avoid disturbances from
noises and vibrations.
 Provide and stations at the entrance of the
hatchery.
that are allowed to enter should have their wheels and
undercarriage by passing through
. The disinfectant should be replaced regularly according to
the instructions on the label.
The Daily protocol for biosecurity within
the production sector
1- Before handling the fish:

 Wash hands thoroughly with water and soap for 30 seconds, then
wear disposable plastic gloves.

 Wear mask and protective eyewear.

 Boats are sterilized.

2- Disinfection of equipment of each unit:
 Thick gloves and a face mask are used.
 All tools are washed with water and then sterilized (using a
chlorine solution and leave them for an hour until they dry.
3- Tank cleaning and disinfection:
 The water in the tank is completely drained and the sediment
remaining in the tank is disposed.
 Disinfectant is sprayed on all sides and bottom of the target tank.
 conclusion
 Properly implemented biosecurity measures limits
spread of disease causing organisms and focuses on
disease prevention.
 Common measures and a clean environment (Good
Sanitation).
 Water quality management.
 Effluent treatment.
 Clean feed.
 Disposal of mortalities.