Biological Report 90 (22) December 1991 Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending ‘Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish Instream Flow Information Paper 25 we Riverine and Wetland Ecosystems Branch TEMPERATURE ess} Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the InteriorBiological Report “This publication sete ofthe Fah and Wilde Service comprises repons onthe results of esearch developments inecinsogy and coloical surveys and inveatores of eect of land. use changes on sher and wildlife resources. “They may ince proctetings of workshops, technical conereaces, of symposi and inerpesive bibliographics. ‘Copies of this publication may be obsined fromthe Publications Unt, US. Fish and Wide Service, 189 Suet.N.W., Mail Stop 130-—ARLSQ, Washington, DC20740, cr maybe parched fom the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Pot Royal Rad, Springfield, VA 2161. Iss 0095-1926, ‘This publication may be ited as: Armour, Cat L 1991, Guidance for Rraluating and Recommending Temperatre Regaes to Protect Fish. US. Fish Will, Ser, Bio Rep. 92). 13 pp.Biological Report 90 (22) December 1991 Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish Instream Flow Information Paper 28 By (Cut L Armour 1S, Fish and Wildlife Service Nasional Ecology Research Center “1512 MeMurrey Avenue Fort Colin, Colorado 81525 US. Deparment ofthe Inevior ish and Wildife Service Washington, D.C. 20240,Contents Frefoce COfsie : Experimental Temperate Tolerance Ress, ‘Maxinam Weekly Average Tenperaue (MWAT) Tha Shoald aot be Encoeded. renrnanosvesurarsnntaeesee ‘Shortie Maxie (STM) Sarvival Temperature. Estimation of Ltaliy ofan Exposure Time Survival Time fran Exposure Temperate Option 2: Sumblity of Stnlaed Temperature Regine fo Key Life Stages sma of Effes of Spavaing Migration Blockage Esimaton of Emergence Time Eximatio of Juvenile Fish Growth and Sze ata Crical Pied ooo... (pion 3: Population Statistics and Pedic Responses © ‘Simulated Temperatures ‘Ackoowledgrents =.Preface ‘Temperaureregimesof owing water are affecedby several facto icloing Now. shade. antchansel morpoloy. Swear aeration that dunge temperature reps and afer fi canbe if 0 eval. Tie docuat wil id botogiss in analyzing empertrerepmes and preparing technically defensible econmendations fr Bch ren. ‘This report icles an explanation of basic Temperature tolerance relations plus te opts for deelping econmeacations Akhagh examples the document pertain 0 spring chink zon, the piepls apy al eh species.Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish cat Armour US, Fish and Wildife Service Nxional Ecology Research Center Fort Callin, Colorado 80525 Avarack_ Procedures sre pest fovauing epee for fish Atop capes Persie sing cineca (Oncrkycis hws) te cps apy oe Spe. Bes pers crue eae fo har expe sd tee ops rie ‘Soper senate tangent ree. Te ops et be compass on experine ‘Copernican ea saat of sued omperare epime fr ky We ag ‘plan sas ad pied eponeoSmaned epee ey words Coa aon, we temper, semaine pert egns ‘Waeremperatueisone ofthe mostimportanteniron- men facts affecting sh (Fry 1967, 1971; Hschinson ‘When general temperature requirements ae consi: ‘red, fish can be grouped ito cokwater, coos, of ‘wemsater xpos (Table), Hokanson and Bicinget {Gnpblshed report) reported the highest ean weekly Temperars in the Ral. For 959 ofthe datas. the highest iverage mean weekly temperatrs fr coldwater, ‘coolwater, and wanna Species were aprotimately EC, 29°C, and 30 C, respectively. The levels of suc- ‘ces and besith of the fh wee nt documented 50 ne ‘aonot assume thatthe temperatures represen cach ‘ategor's upper its for suecess. For example, 22°C ‘woul be considered excessive fr rproection and pro longed siceess of salmonids. Conversely, crain war ter spcies can reproduce and survive temperatures ighertan 30" C.Piperetal(1982)reponed hatcokdaer species genealy spawn ia temperatures below 125°C, Coolwater species in temperatures between 44°C and 156° C.an warmater species above 156°C. Thisifor- maton demenstaes 3 aod fr evaluating temperaire requrement foreach species becase geal ar 00 spec ‘Tree options for developing tempentrerepimes 10 protect fish ae described bere, based pinay on exper- ‘penal temperate tolerance results sabi ofegines for key life stages and population stasis and predict reepenses to suits terpenes Recommendations derived from these option may be spi wo reams that ae or wil be aff by channel ‘odifcaton, veins, servo eleses, of sjining land-use practices suchas vegeaionremoval lof which smayateremperaie egies. Akhogh examples pein {o pring chink saloon (Oncoriyncha tehowytecha, the pines apply wo ether fish epee, Infomation presented herecanbe usedinconjnctionith emperatire Studies deserted ia Inseam Flow Iforation Paper 13 (Garbotow 1989)a ro Copatitttitg = \ / es tn ap Ditteytes Fig. Some cramps ftir that can inf Seta a street th eat icine we | \\ Nm ‘Tenperaneelencescante dplaye ina potygeaal pate (Fg 2) indicating lndigeel ning eve ‘anes (Fig, 3). Definitions of tem asocited with the polygons flow. ‘Actimaton temperature, Teneraue in the toler: ‘ance zone hates ih arc experinentlly exposed for ‘evel day before alert wa Upper incipient tha emperatre (UILT). The up- ‘et temperature tat SO monly it abserved for a ‘ven acclimation temperature. The UILT increases ‘with sclimation temperatures © a pint that higher ‘clanation emperaures have ne effec. Lower incipient lethal tempersture (LILT). The Tower temperature Ut 0% morality i observed fora ven sccltion temperate, ee ultimate incipient lethal temperature UUILT). Thehighesemperaureatwhicholerace oes nos inrease with increasing ncimation empera tures. On a polygon this temperate is constant and pall the acelimaion empeatr axis. ‘Temperature of instantanceus death (TID). “Temperature ouside he olerance zone which death ‘Acute thermal preferendum (AP). ial choice of U; Table 1. Some examples of fh that can be grouped into coliwate, coolwae’oF warmaer categories rok wo ‘Bhi Brown wont Brownlie! Coot heel eth (cto snen Fabs Prelmon gem bss Raietom at Smallmouth at Sockeye son temperate. Line of equality (LE). Linea 45° angle to he tm ‘pert acclimation xis representing equality of aceli- ‘ration ad espoeetemperanes. Final referendum (FP). Eventual choice ofempert- {ure zone iespective of aclimationRstry. Option 1: Experimental Temperature ‘Tolerance Results Esperimenal emgerature rests foraspecies(Tale2) canbe ued with simuled (preci) temperatures for ‘ew rege wo evsase posible effet If ts option i Implemented, however, cation is necessary boca ex ‘rtimental sult can be affected by ote factors, inclod- {ng fh sz, season, day length, et and water chemistry (Covtat 1970), o by disease, genetic variation, ad te Iie cycle stage (Fi. 1). or some pees temperate requirements of jveiles and adults vary consierbl. “This variation often causes the ge groupeto selec dier- cothabiae ype. "Tee aon definitions from terms Table 2 wll ‘sul he basis for equations tha sre ased ia Option | Gromthoptimum (GO). Tenperaturunderexpeinen- {aleondons at which grows, expressed ts weight ui pe nt fine, re maxima ote ie stage ero net growth (ENG). Teneratues under exper- ‘eral condone at which insananeoos growth and ‘morality rates for populations ar equal. Growth ates ‘econsidredio ban over ndcaoro environ tal quality and seeing ar the most sensitive of ‘rious perfomance function, patialary expressed ‘ss zeronet growth when fod snorting rungs and Jones 197) ‘Physlolgical optimum (PO). Temperature under ex ‘imental conons approximating tat fr optima (row, stamina, beat prfonmance, and other funcTemperature utr [erwocof dma nesce The mops ‘Accimation Temperature ie. 3. Tempera plygonfors ype {wove snd bing soe Nomaltepercen can wines ‘Sg evel sone compra nal growth ‘te odin evel ane (Bee 1960. ‘TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE: tons. Wen PO is considered, stipulation mustbe made canbe etimated by rearranging the aon: ‘hee its for general conditions, specie funeuon (paving), or an age Guvenile). Go=270-F. [POisunksowa.equtin( 1) Hokansonand Bissingt, unpublished repon)cantessedtoestinatethevalue ithe Alojhefllowing regression eqition Jobling 1961) FP and GO temperatures re kaon: ‘canbe ted a eatrate ales or equation (1) vanablesif ‘experimental infomation i avaiable: 00+ FP t roa ° FP =(145)(60)-33,@) UUILT =076(G0)+1381,an¢@) Acortingly, any two variables are xo, the hed UUILT =0660%)+ 1683.)4 Brounen Rev 90,2), “able 2. Experimental temperature response dat for vei cinook salmon. Acca tempers cma Cor co Tipe Lowe 0 a 150 so Grom pina Cd 143 Genera 19) Zeronet owt ("C) 191 Upper Hota 08 Being pedis eect 45 Lower Hota ‘Beings, ble er Fal pte °) 117 Gotan | Binge. npn ep Pisitgel Opinum (°C) 13.6 Gotan a ‘Bien, caplet ‘cmc ec ene bu eee may ee ‘meme rng Respective r vale for equations (2), 3) and (are (0937, 0.866, nd 0880 Gbling 1981). These eaively high values indicate that good linear elation exit between variable in the equation, Examples of temper reine evaeations tht could ‘ve made tated on hoe opr by Coutnt (1572) ant Brung and Jones (1977, ate deseribed as follows, ‘Maximum Weekly Average Temperature (MWAT) That Should not be Exceeded Experimenta tempera information sa prereuisite for an MWAT evaluation, and the information mist be salable for a specific ie sage (eg. ene ering, Table 2) "The equation for an MWAT calculation i: muateor+WULT=OT, 5 were (OT = srponedoptinal emperaure forthe paticolar Ife tage o faction. and [UUILT = be upper emperature that tolerance des not increas with increasing acclimation empera tore (Fg. 1 OT is unknown. the midpoint of 2 recommended range can be used a¢ an approximation. For example, ‘Wilton eal (1987 reported hat 108°C is he midpoint ft ccmmende age for grow of juve chine. {simon By substinaing 10.8 for OT in equation (5) and ‘ssiming UUILT wo comespndto the highest etal res (04 (25.1° CTable2)aconservaive MWAT scalculated Bret al. (1982) epored an optimal mit of recommended rangeof 145° C under experimental cogi- ‘os, With his value, MWAT = 182. Thisexcends 16°C {hat Reiser and Bjorn (197) pone she wpper range limi for Alaska sh tht possibly require lower empera- "The interpretation of MWAT i hata culated vale tmsed on experimental tai the oper temperate re: ‘ommended fora specie Mf sage. The MWAT etieon ‘canbe wd crane de aceopabliy of tempers Tor ditferentsic conditions © galerie flow egies), Fora hypothetical exnpl, mean weely mata peratures could be simulated for emative steam Bows (ale 3). Then, cock could be made to predict if the MWAT of 156°C for sping juvenile chinook salmon would be exceeded: MWAT would be exceeded for the 350s ow. ‘Short-term Maximum (STM) ‘Survival Temperature ‘Shorter maximum (STM) isthe maximum temper tare, bused experimental das thal SO% fhe sh could survive fora sor me (24 ores itis the same as the incipient bal emperaue. The value ean be es mated by wing th equation (rungs and Joes 1977) Sime mpetuee ne © ‘able 3. Use of the MWAT criterion to evaluat temper ‘ares for spring jvenile chinook salman ‘Ate flows) Sima mean wey Tmisimumtenperre °C) M2 189197Eenuarne ao Recomnmone Tenrenanane Recs S Tame isin instes and. and bare regression equation constants rom experimental sts Table), ‘Sine equstion (6) expresses SOM survival fra given sclimation temperature, «2° C safety margin. 8 om ‘eed by Coan (1972), canbe sured fon be STM Temperate wo derive the preiced vale for 100% sur vial Cable 4), logtime a _logtime of 1440 min £3135, sme =03107 a MISH —93155, 03167 =98C One spication ofthe STM extern could be eva ste he srceptbiity of slated emperatures orale tive flow regimes. Forahypotbetical example supose the scclimaton temperate foraping vensichinoo ao is bout 10° Cand he heretical STM for 10% survival [5219°C (Table 4). Based on sitlated 24-4 maxima, ‘emperaie or aemative Rows (Table 5). th pedced survival would eles han 100% fr 950 fs beaae the STM would be excende. ‘Tale 4 Temperance dat for spring jen “ino salmon. Cokes Sense Sern tempt esi sein ele ‘enero ‘pore aia Cor eb emer CF “CCF 3 9aiss 030) RS 10 16as9s “osss 9219 1S tease “ost MSE m Roms “neti 80D Mego ase se MA ‘hbk 5, Use ofthe STM riterion to evaluate temperature Jor spring jen chink salmon ‘Ae tows tp T0130 Simin Imetimumtenpemtee(°C) 1631696 Estimation of Lethality of an Exposure Time Equation (6) can be rearanged (Coutan 1972) es nef given short ne exposare would be eal ' o JeFbemperme CFO the alot value is equal too Hess han 1 he cexporare would nt be lea: As an example of sing ‘pation (2 and D vales Table 4) for de 15°C ‘clinton temperature ar 16 4454 and 0.5364, rspec- tively. Assuming that jveile chook salmon would be ‘exposed fr 6 (360 mia) 3 temperature of 27°C, the ‘lean woul be a ee HSE OSTA ETD » GIO - 153896 qi = 30 or 46.3983, paso * 77585 Because 46.983 is greater than unity this exposure ‘woul probably be etal. Tis conclusion i sappored by ‘heesperimental esl of Bret (1952), who found tate UUILT was25.1°C Table. Survival Time for an Exposure Temperature ‘Theexpectedsurvivaltinest27 Cwih SOK moray forfshacclimaedatagiventemperatcanbe estimated, bythe folowing equation (Coutant 1972; Bruns and Jones 19779 tog (ime) +b¢empeamue) wher and bare mean reqression constants Table 4). For fish acetimted at 15°C asia this equation would salt Ioglime) = 164454 + (-05369 2, Tease 14.4828, 1.9625, time = aog 19626, 51.7 min beloe reaching 50% predicted morality. 1 Coma’ (1972) maria of sfey of 2°C is wed to timate the time that fh could oleate the exponure ‘without morality, he value with modicaon of equation (would be: log (ime) = 16.4454 + (05368) 0742),6 oxocea, Reson (2) 165s - 155555, 0388, ine = aniog (08898) =7.8 min Option 2: Suitability of a Simulated ‘Temperature Regime for Key Life Stages Prereguiies for implementing this option ae aval ly of temperate eeirenent aforation needed 10 ‘valine iesagesandsgulted empertresfrapoten- ‘alsueamaheraion acto. Taidinastembling tempers. ‘ure requirement ffornaion the use ofa bitiograp tempertere(Browa 1973), and US. Exvronmetal Pro- {evton Agency document (Hokanson and Biesinger. published report Bringrsn Joes 197?isrecommende ‘Reonsieratiamountotfemateriain Brongs and ones (97 wa ginal repre by Coutat (972). ‘The US, Fash and Wilde Service Habitat Suibilty Index (HSI) model and ability index curves canbe ‘ter valuable information sources For example, the HSI tod by Raeighet al (198) contin temperate infor tation for chinook el ‘Afr compiling enpesture requirement nforation (able6)asimulatsemyeratire regime canbe cvalaed to determine compatibity with rages and lerances for ey ie sages (i. Peaumably temperatures outs ‘tetolerance range wouldbeharmfulsndae tobe avoide "The reprodcton prod (abbiting zoe) the ost rex, qaning td nubatn temperatures should ‘ea prime aac (Fig. 3) Chinook salon can erate 2 wide ange of temperanes during this period, which indicates a pssibe geonc adaptation. Olson and Fester (1955) subjected eggs of fall chink salmon to Bre tempertre reget. Th regime coresponing 1 the ‘onal seasonal ead war the contol. One regime ve yed22" Chciow bento andthe ober twee averaged 12°C, 23° Cand 46" Chiher than the contol Foe the fit three west goups andthe cont the highes cea ‘morality was 879; wea molt othe Rogen tage ‘erged 1% Attbehighest temperature, 45° Chigher than te como, egg moray was 108%, and wea moe tality t the fingering stage was 73.0%. These results Seggested to Olan and Foster (1955) that the higher temperate rege damagedembrysandcaused eyed ‘morality "As an example of ntepresing infomation the sis- lated regime (Fig) woud exceed commended upper temperate ad neanes ring the ene adalt migra tion petiod. Ako tolerance values would be exceeded from sping tte inital incvbaton period wl about ti. October, compared o adverse temperatures fo ear “Toble6. Examplesof temperanre information can be compiled for key spring chinook salmon fe age. Tenpente Rage are Ererred sone sore ont6re renee posere oer “Transeo gi. ‘an pesca 2a Crys oe mn iagts 2s ‘er chS wets orgie me ‘Repu armed {ng fom mid-May tori Octobe. This information leads ‘0 te concason thal he regime would be unstable for salen Foran application ofthe opin, temperate curves could te shuld for aerative Row reps, Thea, ‘Somparativ information cold be abu for design Ing an acceptable ow. For a hypothetical example, em peratures for 950cfe would be masa fr allie sages ‘Sompared t 1200 cfs being wnsulable for incubation able, experimental olerance dt (eda forthe eaing sage) and drains ofexveme temperetesarevalbe, tratatons of powsble effets could be mae by wig quatione presented fr Opin 1. For example, suppose that daring the second week in Avast, temperaes of 200°C would occur fora 24 period, but he weeklyEvauane ano Ricomerone Traensarene Recies 7 ‘rewnenaTune +r ig & Simalaed mean maximum and wean gets fr 8 hype ting chook tio sim. Resonant tempers recog fr ey age erode shown Teen ftps vay ad hep of formate eid ‘eed ora pce seam propia cugh cto wih apes ‘mean temperate woulde 145° C. Thismean would ot exceed the MWAT value for reaig (15.6"C) cleat ‘with equi 3). Furthermore, 100% survival would be {Expected daring the 24h when the tenprature wool te 200°C because he rial perature as predicted by ‘sing equation6)and adjusting wahthe 2 Caney actor, 18 225°C for sclmation at 15°C. Because the per tolerance limi of 16°C for rearing (Fg. 4) woul be exceeded fora? period some frmofstesscouldeate (etayed effets Besies using this option at batt for evaluating ered tempertres, some effets canbe quantified. The Following we Sone examples of quanication. “able 7 Tabulations for comparing the acceptabiy of emperors jor reel egos jor ove ng chinook salmon ‘Aten Bows) Lute sage Teo 00950" ‘Adatngaion sos ou Spovne sos ou inca sou U Reouing sos ou Estimation of Effects of a Spawning Migration Blockage Assume 2 spawning migration blockage is predicted emperature would exceed 21°C; Table 6) ins 200e downstream ofa sping and arng aca and though ‘omsalions with expen, information peraiing 1 r- Productive success was ascembled (Table 8), With we of the information andeqution ffx of be beckon the funreansze (PRS) coal be sina: FR SKBSRYSHNFAFAES)SRA).— ) “Toble 8 yporhetical assumptions for reproductive a: covering chincnk salmon The arson oreo ‘tasraion purposes becuse values aryon ora. specie basis. Reig sso pening pod a we seat = + S50 sex io Mean end 3300 ge pr emle +13 oegssurive fy ape 113 ory survive anal ape Over survival meg ok ape 1% + sane that 9a moe a8 Biexoiea: Reno 9022) RS = ransize wo steam vicinity, [BSR = survival re from effecsof te run Blockage 'S= percent of survivor that pa, 'F= mean female fecundity. ES > egg to lt survival ate ant SSRA «sol emrning adult sarvival ate. Asse experts agree thar the spaving-tun Bock vould cane 10% morality fom disease and predation © ‘he 250 aul (RS) hatred toe area. Thisinforma tion would e used with equation 9) 1 estimate FRS as falows: Estimation of Emergence Time After haching youngchinok salmon emerge frm tht xwveltorear, andthe time of atchingiscotredby the temperature regime. Development from fertilization 12 aching reqs #50 diy tempeatire ans (OTU'S). ‘and an aon 700 units ae required om batching 1 eponing of emergence Table 6)-One DTU equals I* shove eeing 32 Pfors 24 pevod Piper 1982), For example, if daring & 24 pord the temperature is STF QC), his would equne © 37-32 05 DTU's This type of information ean be sed 1 determine if ation of ry emergeoce would ecur before oF ding Spring odin eg peak ano isesimated tw ocean late Apeiforahypohencl seam) hat could result inthe Mashing ad los of young sh, Because the begining of cmergnce is estimated at 1.550 DTU's cine B (Table '5} would be n danger of sig fy. Tis would bear sti excedingSS0DTU's befor lt Api. Forte ‘mar the defor ination of emergence is 1 Ap. The ‘anal for eaching his dates that Apilhas 210 DTU" fr T DTU's per dy, Because 130 DTU's are roquied teyond the end of March, 19 days would be feuied 305 186.0 19 ays, 30-186. 19d Estimation of Juvenile Fish Growth ‘and Size at a Critical Period (Growthotjveile chinook salmon based on mostly ‘teal ont (MTU') coud be estimated. One MTU is ‘etn the mean monthly temperate is 32" nthe abrebet sale Piper eta 1982). Sep I. Calan monthly MTU values. Suppose hat {fo February the mean temperature is 39°F: MTU" 39-327 nis. ‘Step 2, Caeaite MTU's per centimeter of growth per ‘month, Sappone that for te seam or thro ase of Tatchery growth records ie own tat the fish grew (71cm in Feteary. The MTU'sperceatimeter=MTU's ‘permonih + cenimeter of gain = 70.71 =99 MTU's. If {om information (MTU's por ceameter of gan) is ‘avlable fora seam and hachey dt are use, eau ‘donmustbe exeraodbecame grow forapives tempers ture repeals depends on food availablity and ober {ote Therefore, MTU'spr centimeter of growth ight telowerina hatchery than ina seam becuase moe food could be availble. Also, larger percentage of the oa “Table 9. Temperoare unit data for ofl regimes fora pothscl spring chinook salmon seam. Iwas assumed ‘hat spamming occured on 15 Angst xasly sengerte CP) Tengen ns for reines tegen, Basia x Moat x F ‘wench Way Come May Comaive ope s 7 6 ~~ = Sepemter s o » 1% = oo Onster 2 s an 155 so Never x = » "0 wo om Deemer M % au e mst ary 3 3s ct 3 eS) ae Febwary as a * ue woo wae Mach Fa = in 4 me eae pen 2 » ue 0 ta 1S May a “« 8 Sm im tao "AUS =, ty gene, reerEvuuanns avo Recommenone Tewezarine Reames 9 energy that i comumed might be available for growth ‘Accondngly.hacery daa are wed elatv instead of Ahsolne wales sould be reponed for comparsoes temperature epics. ‘Step 3. Calle size (Tale 10), Fo example. athe end of Apel te estimated sie of regime A fsh would te {74cm compared wth 542 em forrepie B. Assuming that growth was tasd on hatchery cndions, relative ‘alc shoul be reponed (Le. predicted growth in egth ‘woul be about 24% higher for egime A. ‘Length informatio canbe used estimate the biomass ot avin Shy sing length tables (Pipe 192), Forexampe, om ble alc for ehinook salmon ‘te boas unde vegies A and Basamig tat 10.000, oh ace produce abou 25 gan 13 kg respectively “This preset about 92% more Biomass for epime A. "Note that his example i ed on egies witha the texperature range recommended by Reker and Bjorn (2979) forjwenles Itemperanrsexcad the maior ‘ange temperature, gowih acs woold begin diminish Brett (982) repre ha is temperatare would be AIRC for pring chinook salmon (Pig. 5). Ar about 15°C there was subletal grow sues, defined as _rowth aes 2% es than hoe fo opium codons. ‘Accordingly to prevent ublthal growth tes tetecor ttended upper timitis 14.8 C. The rationale that when |gowth ses ocr, share more suscepuble a dsease ‘Inder problems, esultng in increased moral rates. “Table 10. Use of monthly thermel anit dat estimate eile sz for wo flow epims. One centimeter of growth required 99 MTU's for all months, andit war avaned the fo averaged 3 em on | February Mean Neti et ‘woth wer ‘ms facets Monee eye = Grout sath Fiery & » 1 ws-0n an 8 3 ' 99-010 Bo Mach ® “6 n re sn 8 a " 199-101 aut ps a “ ou ‘iets MTU pr = EU's perce a ‘Steattepmange enpt ‘TeurenaTune (°F) GROWTH RATE (X wt/aay) ‘powsh efor hnet imon Thee Eres os GOR a ean tev) git crept fed wa ‘aiy ie Neh Re, Beth Cl Berner at 198) | Fig. 5. Retons bese semper an ‘TewreRarune (0)10 Broan Rewer 902) Option 3: Population Statistics and Predicted Responses to ‘Simulated Temperatures ‘This option requires compiling emperaue envelopes similar 10 tose teponet by Hokanson and Biesinger (npebished repo). The majo differences hat instead of developing standardenveopes with se of atone) throuphou the geographic range of «species, hey are ‘eveloped for aspeie xream (Fp. 6) ‘Thertonalfortbe envelop conceptisthat population sts wool netchangefsimultediempertaesmatch Ison condition. Siaistics refer two categories measurements of sccess and wel being, and spect tn The fot category inca adult a, growth re, eld population mbar ot production (Ricker 1968). ‘The sso category refer to ray ina geogragicaes, and a and endngeet some streams, temperatures (¢, that for sawn ing, nebo, ering) might be Meal, producing highly sacs populations In other steam, however ‘eratrermiphbe ebsandard buts population canstilbe secesfl. This situation maybe atibted to some form ‘of eompensato, sacha the presence of superioespawn ing subst, abnormally low predation ue, excellent ‘rater ual, high fod reduction, or possibly genetic ‘Maptzton thar causes higher than exposed population succes. Another possibility is that emperanes can be ‘ginal and impr sues, but the sates of population canbe very important (6th only nei eograptic aa) and op pron for protection. ailerences are predict forse reine, jadgment must be etercisedo evaluate posite effets One option {10 compare the extet of lemperstieaiffeence and noun oftetine the ered iemperauresfll oid the ‘commended range an olerance range ves Table 6) ‘Aidoagh some of ese values canbe e:coeded under ‘iting conditions, changes ouside the repted okra ‘ange could have seriou fers and shnid be avoided For example, suppose 2 steam produc: lage sng chink salon salts abough fc existing temperate regime may be oceasinally marginal dug the growth period the reason maybe ak ofmerspecite competion that function 35 compensating fc. simulated tem ‘peranres fora new epi were bigher (ip. 7) protien may occur. Fo example, fom Ine Jane elt August (ig Dunder slated ne fw rep temperatres canlcreas eyed epoedlerances for aut mpraion, spawning. ncbaton and rearing Thiscanbe grounds er ‘egedatng ows waved atonal enperare eres, “Tis approach esmbls the one used by Wilson ta (987) to eval eet of proposed dans on Alaska's ‘usta River. However. they ted weekly reas hist «al and sola) ead of envelopes, They sated at tolerance temperatures for spawning would be excoded for 1 week under the new rime, but looper averse eects were no presicied. Convery, the preiced new temperature regime would exceed lower lence for jwenile growth ding part of the year. Using growth somone, See” : 4 Bree Exalef semper Te 2 NA et eine “eam |! & Eeoeoontarni i . * Eee enees Smetmneh aschepamnae WZ \ re], Serres, Z enEvawama wo Recomenonc Tewrenanas Reaves 11 TEWPERATURE se tables developed by Bret (1974 ett conclsion tat {Fowth would be avenelyafacte (Wilson etal. 1987, ‘This option couldbewedto evaluate eects faerie tions under consieraton, For xan, i aired Rows srecamidered, temperatures for he fows cold be sir aed. Thea comparative ata couldbedevelopedto recon mend the preferedalieativ, sas demonated inde example fr option 2 (Table 7). Concluding Guidance Before deciding which procedure tue for evaluating ew temperature regime, chances of the three ‘options ld be compared (Table 1 Regus ofthe ‘option seed, sequin and assembly of necessary infomation canbe & formidable ak if Herat sources ‘re unkoown or oter dts donot exis. To idm coping ‘Sih this type of pcb, an exper faiar with ie istry eauremens and infomation sures for De pe ‘ex of concem should be conse. A god aprch or ‘sentitying appropriate experts wouldbe to contac squat. ‘espera sociated with oval universes, Sate fish andgame agencies, andthe U.S Fish and Wife Service's Cooperative Fishery Research Unt. Adionaly.comact ‘could be made with persons inte National Marne Fish ties Servic rte Fish and Wilife Service's National [cology Research Center 10 cain sformaton. IF is Infeasibleto acquire and assemble necessary infomation, 2 fed person could we this document 1 Scope a Work TEMPERATURE *F order for 8 conctr to complete. The, recommenda tio conceming anaccopabltemperatreregime cold be made after evaluating the contacter’ informtion. ‘Regardingempasisonelevued enperareshould be clear tha low temperatures also most be a concer: A prime example of eect fom low tmpeatares can eit oes below dun rom which cooler water ferleate In ‘these 20es, some species canbe replaced and ses of ‘ters canbe inpied. Therefore proposed projects redid tolowertempernres,thisis ot justification for ‘ssuming that adver elects will poe occur. Instead, Species of concer should be specie, and an impact ‘alysis should be pecormed. If inpect predictions ae made asing eqns given bere (8 MWAT), remember that caeulated reals ae ‘ot aboltes, For example, the calculated conservative [MWAT for rearing of spring jvenle chinook slmen (eer page is 156°C. Some hatcheries and sears ‘of method bases. Also this guidance should note eds reason for advocating that temperate infermaton es be soquie for ll species. Foe example, suppose that Opsion 3 is applied, and itis known tht, historia,12 exccen Ror 90(22) Table 11 Comparison of opin 2 Sita fe ey rcs wn ene ame Ng at pn ‘Sere ngs ey He ag se 5. Pepsin Treen canto ipesctreges "ode dv om Sotetegrars — Singege intel Seamer tek nln Speake Sy reed ‘eld foment say er ce ‘crecemweremt Be ‘anefappienteg ee demote e feecisormt arp sis oe ee tele ean ae odwton tet) pae selec Sepenterhoeresiné aoe tat by ae cst ‘peed Ain eeummded Se Ferenc open pi anton chit ime cm pas ee a Stay nn ly cw int ae "an Wie Sr, Nae Steg Ranch Gm Cin Ca DO ‘condition ar suitable fr maintaining» fsh community ‘Acotdngly temperature repies ar nt ard as 8 rest of 2 proposed action, aon information and lyse: woulbe unwarranted This would nt mean that ‘emperaure equirements for allifstagesand periods for {he sages would be dental for all species. Povied 4 ‘eeime docs not if markedly from histexial con ‘ons the appropriate nerpeation web hati shoul te sniable for coiaied fish community success. Co senely, if enperntues ar predicied to be owe the sonal envelope, specie information should be ob- ‘ane before making recommendations for seam Aw and temper Mercy coniering mean tempertars can prevent serious problems fom tring dete. Fr example, sp pose that ean dally emperatues forthe es week oly ina spring chinook salmon ream were 260°C, 135°C, 143°C, 1B°C.IB1°C, 140" Cand 150°C. The mean weekly temperature would be 15.41 C. This ale would tot exceed the conservative MWAT vale (156°C) for {joveniechinoksanongowh However, effec of tie highest temperature of 280" C for a 24-4 period are con sidered by sing equation (7) tality would be predicted. tease 13 exces un Finally, an analysis soul account for the importance ofsepart sreamteaches Allreaches may netbe equallyEvawanse ano Ricoumowne Teararone Reonts 13 lipoma for all fe stages of + species. For example, sping and inevbation might out an upper Feach ‘whee emporatures are cooler hanna lower each where Tearing occurs. Als, within ostream a mtr grant of Increasing temperature often cere fom beadates 10 lower eae (Hynes 1972). This consideration impor: tant because dice zones with gies suable fords: ‘icy ifereat sh communiterand activities can exit Acknowledgments ‘One the principal conibsins tothe sues of his project was the oustanding librarian assistance fram K. gen and J. Beam. Tes ndviduas expended con- siderable fr ad inive to late and eee liters ture wich wad tobi escent fo comple- ing the dosent ihank M. Sanz fo the graphics work. P Gils and D. E. Ihara for yping the manscipt and K. Cook forthe techicaleiing. A special acknowledgment i given to ‘W,Slason forks assancewithsopiring and aalying, temperature di to develop Option 3 inthe guidance, References act, M. 1989, Sem epee nvesigatn: lt ‘ov ena! etd natam Flow Pap. 13, US. Ph ‘i Ser Bi Rep RUD. 1 san. 1952 Tengen lems of yog Pace saon, (es Oncorhyachur J Fish Re Bord Ca 6):265-323, ‘Bret, 1960 Telegu fide deca ‘sy. 10-190. Paper IOUT in CM. Taree ‘Seni nop pti wer palon US. Depart ‘meme eah testo and Weta Cinna, he 285 ™ ‘re, R194. Tank experiment 00 he cae of pani Teckoye(Oncrhacha nr) sn pink (0. orbuch) ‘inom wingenvomenal cond Agel 34-352 re, R, W-C- Chron E Sob 198 Express ‘thea! reaemen for prow and food coevesion tftciaey of joveile cinco samen, Oncorhynchus shucks ga 127.29 omc Nan Anerican he AmenanBectcwerCop ‘an, Cason Ohi 524. Bang WA Bons, 197 Tempera rte fo esha fs: proc ad procelies US. Eaves ‘Pratrioe Agency Eavtonmenal Reseach Labor. al, Min PA-7 05119 96. Tee enn te es Coat CC. 1970 Bilge aco ea iain arent nl cng anal flr. Pages 342-381 Citea eviews nveemenal comm Vol 13. Chem Rita Co, Clete Osa Contant, ©6172, Water qaiy cre Arg of te ‘Conia on Water Que Ctra Evrrmeta Stais Baar Pager 1-170 tet ad pages 410-49 Append ILC National Academy of Sees, Natal Acaeny of Enganers Watingon DC Fy. FE 1 1967. Repose of poles temperate, apt 315-709 ln AL Rose 0d Temebilgy ase Pres, Sa Digna 653. Fey. FE 19 Theft of earn for on he yslogyo in Page -SBin WS. Horan) andl ‘le Fuh pogo VI. Enotes a havo Academe Ps, San Dig, Cal 59. Hachouon, VM 19% Paso blenng thea rats ‘of nial egies Pages 1016 br rocoto he ‘Second Suma River EzlogyLatornory Confer, A {97s, Angna, Gong. Avaite fom ITI, CONE — ye 8.197 Tesco ofreming wae Usiverty ‘€ Torro Pre Canad 55 9p Jobing M1981 Temperance endl petri — Tapa tots frame fon owt ee tees J Fe Bid (809455. Map Bad LMighl 1967. nea of Racy exch ‘Dam ade epee of he Otaapan River co th ‘paveam migaton of sxteye sino. Ft Bull 66131 un. A ad RF Foe 1955. Temper kes of ce an yong of Conti River tisk sale. Tas ‘Re uh Soe 85200-207, Pye RG LB, Mtlvam, LE. Orme 1 PMeCaen LC. "owt nd R Loa 98. cry management US. Fan Wide Seren, Washington,DC 51 Raleigh RP W. J Miler, yd PC Neon. 1986. Haba soi nes eels nine ow ably ures: ‘nok USF Wl Seri Rp 82022, me. ‘esr D.W. nd T-C. Br. 1979 Habit eure of ‘aéroman ali, US. Fee Son Con Tec Rep PW 96 stp. Ricker, WE, lite 1968. Meds for esesinat of fh oan ne wor Blackwel Sco Pica, ‘rton and Endbrp, Engh NP Hanibok 3.313. ‘sor, RS, 208 T HB 96h Elec of acened perc on calmererpione 1 Wate Pl Cato Fe 49)190-09. Wn We McD. Kedey, a0 PR Meyer 1987 tte ‘epee modeling ad eh mpc aes ap reed rps Alta hdres rot. Pager 18 icin I.E Graig an B Kemper os Roped eas Pema Pres New York. 431 pp.NOTE: The mention of rade names dos nt comiute endosemeat oF recommendation for use bythe Fedex! GovermentTAKE PRIDE in America DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH ANDWILDUFE SERVICE apne Sieeoretsntatenemece cates pepe hedge cncaos na ey ‘coer camurs kr penpe no we an enon Udo US