CH -1 Nationalism in Europe (history)

In-text Question Answers

Que. 1 Describe in brief any four features of the Vienna Treaty of 1815.
Ans - In 1815, the European powers met at Vienna and tried to transform all the changes that
came about in Europe during Napoleon's era. The four major proposals/features of the Vienna
Congress were
(I) The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to
power and France lost the territories it had annexed.
(II) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent the French expansion in
future.Thus, the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the North
and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the South.
(III) Prussia was given important new territories on its Western frontiers, while Austria was given
control of Northern Italy.
(IV)The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched.
Que 2. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815. Explain
with examples.
Ans. After 1815 due to the fear of repression, many revolutionaries or liberal-nationalists went
underground to avoid arrest
(i) They established many secret societies to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
(ii) They opposed monarchical forms of governments that were established after the Vienna
Congress.
(iii) They fought for liberty and freedom and thought the creation of nation-state as a necessary
part of their struggle for freedom.
(iv) Giuseppe Mazzini founded secret societies likeYoung Italy and Young Europe for the
unification of fragmented Italy.
(v) Following Mazzini's model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and
Poland.
(vi) Liberalism and nationalism brought revolution many regions of Europe like the provinces of
Ottoman Empire, Ireland, Poland besides Ita and Germany.
Que. 3 Give a brief account of political fragments of Italy.
Ans. Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. This is shown in the points below
(I) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg
empire.
(II) During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into seven states of which only one,
Sardinia- Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House.
(III) The North was under Austrian Habsburgs, the center was ruled by the pope and the Southern
regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
(in) Even the Itailian language had not any standing common from. It had many regional and local
variations.
Que.4 Name the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a new
world.
Ans. The French artist Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a
new world.
Que.5 Name the painting prepared by Frederic Sorrieu in 1848.
Ans. In 1848, Frederic Sorrieu prepared the painting"The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and
Social Republics-The Pact between Nations'.
Que.6 What was the main aim of the French Revolutionaries?
Ans. The main aim of the French Revolutionaries was to liberate the people of France and also
the people of Europe from despotism and establish nation-state