1-4 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FORM ‘Affirmative Negative Interrogative get up easly 1 don’t get up early. Do ! get up early? ‘You go on holiday every year. You don't go on holiday every year. Do you go on holiday every year? He sludies hard, He doesn’ study hard Does he study hard? ‘She cleans the house herself, She deesnt clean the house herself, Does she clean the house hersel!? It stands in the corner. IW doesn’t stand in the comer. Does it stand in the corner? We keep our promises. We don't keep our promises. Do se keep our promises? You like animals. You don like animals, Do you like animals? ‘They help people around, They don’t help people around. Da they help people around? Ueiinedt tekil gahis igin (he/she/it fil, olumlu cimlede -8 takust abr. He reads a lot. She buys a newspaper regularly. ‘The cat drinks only milk in the morning. Olumsuz ciimlede ve soruda, yani "does" ya da “doesn't” bulunan climlelerde fil daima yahneir. He doesn't read a lot. She doesn't buy a newspaper every day. Does the cat drink milk in the morning? "have" fillinin agdinea gals bigimi "has" dir. Ancak, soruda ve olumsuz citmlede fiilin yalin hali "have" Icullanthir. ~ Do you have a bath every day? ~ Yes, 1do. (I have a bath every day.) ~ Does your son have a bath every day? ~ Yes, he does. (He has a bath every day.) ~ Does your father have breakfast in the moming? —No, he doesn't. (He doesn't have breakfast in the morning.) 1-5 USE OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE a) Bu tense fle, genelde yaptigunu isleri, aliskanliklarmuzt anlatnz ve always, sometimes, never, often vb. sikiik bildiren zarflarin yant sura, every day, every month, every year, every summer gibi zaman zarflarim sikca kullaninz. ~ What time do you usually get up? ~T usually get up at seven o'clock. ~ Does she always get up early? ~ Not always. She sometimes gets up very late. ~ How often do you go to the cinema? = I go to the cinema every weekend/once a week/three times a year, ete. ~ How often does your brother write to you? ~ He writes to me very often. x0 QELSDB) Frequency Adverbs (Sikiik bildiren zaman zarflar) all the time (hep, her zaman) almost/nearly all the time, (hemen her zaman) 2 Agok sald {genellie) (ak suk) from time to time (bazen, ara sira) rarely /seldom «enn snnnmen{ender, nadiren, seyrek) hardly ever/scarcely ever/almost never.....(hemen hemen hie) EVE nner (hic, hig bir zaman, asia) Yardme fil bulunmayan olumlu camlelerde bu zarflar asil fillden nce, yani dune ile yalklem arasinda yer abi. She always sings in English. I sometimes feel depressed ‘They seldom go to the theatre. Bu zarflar “am, fs, are’ dan sonra gelir 1 sometimes go to work late./I am sometimes late for work. Siklik bildiren zarflann olumsuz cdimledeki yeri degisiktir. Always daima olumsuzluk eli “not” dan sonra gelir, i don't always get up early. She doesn't always study very hard. ‘They aren't always late for class. frequently, sometimes ve occastonally olumsuzluk ekinden once gelir. 1 sometimes don't want to be with people. She frequently doesn't want to do her homework. ‘They sometimes aren't ready on time. She occasionally isn't polite to the people around her. Qe Note a Birinci tell gahus igin bu kural gecerli deiildir. Zarf, yardimes fil “am” ile “not” arasinda yer abt. Tm sometimes not paticnt cnough with children, usually, generally ve often her iki durumda da kullambr. ‘They usually don't go out on Sundays./They don't usually go out on Sundays. We offen don't watch TV./We don't offen watch TV. They generally aren't awake till 11a.m./They aren't generally awake till 1 14.m. rarely, seldom, hardly ever, almost never ve never olumsuz camlede kullanilmaz. Bu zarflar sadece olumlu ciimlede kullanihr, ancak olumsuz bir anlam tasir. I hardly ever go to the theatre. (Tiyatroya hemen hemen hie gitmem.) I'm hardly ever nervous before an exam. (Bir sinav éncesinde neredeyse hi¢ heyecanlanmam.) She never comes to her classes on time. She is never on time for her classes. (Derslerine asla/hi¢ valetinde gelmez.) ELS guOlumlu anlam tagiyan sikhik zarflanm (usually, generally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally) difbiigist kurallarima uygun bu Kullanunlann yam sia, cmlede vurguyu artirmak icin, céimienin basinda da kullanabiliriz. Ozellikle sometimes bu gekilde cok sik ular. Sometimes | get angry easily. Occasionally I don't need to get up eatly. Usually they spend too much money on luxuries. Occasionally ve sometimes, cfimle sonunda da yer alabilir. 1 go to the theatre occastonally. He is a bit lazy sometimes. Often, dzellikle quite ve very ile birlikte kullanuldigunda camle sonunda da yer alabilir. We come to this restaurant quite often. Do you catch colds often? [don't wateh television very often. Rarely ve seldom, dzellikle only, very ve quite ile birlikte kullanidginda, ctimle sonunda yer alabilir. Leat meat very seldom. She smokes cigars quite rarely. NOTE Always bu sekilde ctimle basmnda ya da sonunda yer almaz, Olumsuz anlam tastyan sikhik zarflan (rarely, seldom, hardly ever, scarcely ever, never) cfimlenin basa geldigi zaman ciimle devrik olur. 1 never eat fish. Never do 1 eat fish. He rarely smokes, . Rarely does he smoke. You seldom make mistakes. “Seldom do you make mistakes. She scarcely ever visits us. Scarcely ever does she visit us. ‘Bver olumiu veya olumsuz soruda kullambr ve hig anlamint verir, Olumsuz ctimlede hie demek {gin do not ever yerine never kullamr. ~ Do you ever smoke? = No. | never smoke. Don't you ever help your mother? ~ Yes, I help her when I have time. ©) —_Doga kanunlann, her zaman_gecerliiti olan dogrulan ve genellemelert bu tense ile ifade ederiz. A diamond #s a prectous stone. Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen. The Earth revolves round the Sun, Plants need water in order to grow. Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. Wood floats in water but iron sinks. "What do you do?" sorusu_kisinin neyle ugragtigim, isini sorar. Yani "What fs your job/occupation?™ sorusu ile aymt anlamdadir. ~ What do you do? What does your father do? = Im a teacher. ~ He is an accountant, 120 ELS"What do you do?" sorusunu bir zaman zarfiyla kullamrsak, "sdz0 edilen zamanda ne yaparsin’” anlamina gelir. ~What do you do at the weekends? ~Tusually meet friends. ~ What does your father do in the evenings? ~ He reads his newspaper or watches television. “Why don't ....?" Ikalibs birine Onert getirirken kullamb. = Ihave a headache. ~ Why don't you take an aspirin? ~ We have nothing to eat at ome. ~ Why don't we go out for dinner? Note—_____________ — Why don't you get up early in the mornings?” can’t because I usually go (o bed late." ifadesinde, “Why don’t you ... gercek bir soru zellii tagir ve Kist yamit vertlmesint beer. Ancak: “rm too ured.” "Why don't you lie down and rest?" ifedesinde, "Why don’t you .....?" yapi olarak sort olmasina karsin, kendist bir yanittwr ve éneri getirir. Sinema, tiyatro gibi etkinliklerin baglama ve bitlg saatlerini, ders programlarin ya da uucas, tren, otobis tarifelerint belirtizken, gents zamam gelecek zaman anlamuyla kullanabilici i ‘The buses start at 6 a.m. and stop at 12 a.m. every day. (simple presen) | ‘The train to Ankara Jeaves at 9 a.m. tomorrow and arrives there at 6 p.m, | (fature) | Our classes usually begin at 9 and finish at 12. (simple present) | My class begins at 9 tomorrow and finishes at 12. (future) | ® —— Gazete mangetlerinde, normalde past tense ile aktaruimasi gereken (olmus, gerceklesmts) olaylar, Simple Present Tense ile aktarthr. Alive bomb blows up a shopping centre in Israel.(-blew up) Acoach collides with a train in India: hundreds Killed and hundreds more ‘wounded, (=collided) 1-6 THE SIMPLE PRESENT or THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Sidi bu tit tense't karsilagturabm. a) —_Konugmanm gectidi anda ya da o swralarda yapmaitta oldugumuz igleri Present Continuous ile (f am doing); genelde yaptiz islert, aligkanhklanmuz ise Simple Present ile (I'do} fade ettigimizi belirtmistii, Father is in his room now. He fs resting. (now) Father always rests in his room in the afternoon. (simple presend) Iwant to concentrate on my studies, so I'm not playing volleyball this year. Lusually play volleyball at the weekend. ! don't play on weekdays, ELS 9131B) Lave ve work filler! ile stireklt oturdugumuz/cahisugumz yer! ifade ediyorsak, genty zaman kullanihr. ~ Where do you ive? = Where does your father work? ~ [live in Istanbul, ~ He works for a construction company. Ancak, gecict olarak tkamet ettigimiz/cahistiiimu yeri gimdiki zamanla belirtiriz. I moved to Istanbul last week, and I'm living with a friend for the time being, His company sent him abroad fora month, and now he fs working:in Kuwait. ©) —_ Baza filler sitrerlik bildiren tense'lerle (Tam doing, I was doing, I have been doing, etc) kkullaniimazlar. Bu filler, kenusma sirasinda bizzat yapilmakta olan bir eylem (action) bildirmezler, durum ifade ederier. °Ym writing now." ifadesinde, write fll bir eylem bildirir. Yani benim gu anda yapmakta oldugum bir igi fade eder. “I know English.” ifadesinde ise know fill bir eylem bildirmez. Yani, kiginin yapmakta oldugu bir igi del, statik bir durum bildirir. Durum bildiren filllerin Simple Present ve Present Continuous icin kullanmmlan aynudr. When I get up in the morning, I want to drink coffee. (simple present) tm very thirsty. I want to drink something. (n0¥) People need money in order to live. (simple present) | need some money. Can you lend me some? (now) 1-7 PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE’LERLE KULLANILMAYAN FIILLER L DUSONMEYE ILiskiN FILLER (MENTAL STATE) think * realize understand forget mean suppose notice feel want believe recognise doubt heed Imagine now remember___prefer | 2. puyGu BELIRTEN FiILUER (EMOTIONAL STATE) love dislike Toate sind vist hate fappreviate fear care forgive Ike aelest ey desire | 3. SAHIPLIK BILDIREN FILLER (POSSESSION) possess have * own belong 4 DUYU FILLLERI (SENSE PERCEPTIONS) | see * hear smell* taste * feel * | 5. DIGER DURUM BILDIREN FILLER | look * owe, bet promise consist of seem cost exist reluse include appear weigh * advise contain sound + Yamnda yildiz olan filler, farkh bir anlam tagidiklan zaman, sirerik bildiren (ense'lerle kullamlabilirler 140 ELS1-8 NONPROGRESSIVE or PROGRESSIVE NONPROGRESSIVE think “sanmak, zannetmei | think she is a student. | think they wal visit us next week, ‘see “gormek” Right now, tm looking out of the window, ‘and { see lots of people in the street. smell “kokmak” “Thi perfume amelle very nice. ‘These flowers smell avfil taste (bir nesnenin tadmdan 67 ediyorsak) ‘This soup tastes awful. can't eat iL (Corban tad: berbat) ‘The dinner looks bad but tastes delicious. (Wemegin gérdintist K6ta ama tadt giizel) feel (bir nesnenin bize verdigh duyguye sade éderkent “setalemek, sama aniamunda) “This plow feels very hard {This pillow is very hard. /Bu yasuk cok ser.) ‘ee! {that) something bad will happen. (WaUh bir seylern olacagins hissedivoram) Took “gibi goranmek You look il. You'd better go home. ‘That ladder doesn't look Safe. appear “gibi goranmeke ‘The teacher appears to be in a bad mood today. ‘She appears to be bored with the film. weigh (bir nesnenin agirhginr soylerken) ‘The baby weighs six kilograms. bbe (Genel bir durum ifade ederken am, ts, are) You are very rude. (Col kabasur.) (figinin genelde kaba birt oldugunu belirtir) have (sahiplik bildiriyorsa) don't have much money now. She has two brothers, NOTE, 1 have two sisters. 1 don't have any brothers. ‘She has a car, Yee, che does. No, she doesn't. PROGRESSIVE ‘think “digtinmek™ tn about going abroad next year She ts thing about es aly. see “gSriigmele ‘The doctor ts seeing his patient now, ‘The manager fs seeing the applicant now. ‘smell “koklanak” Look! Mother §s smelling the flowers. Why are you smelling the milk? taste “ladma bakake Look! The jttdges are tasting my dish right now. Yean't wail to hear the result. feel “hissetmek” | fool better now./1'm feeling better now. (Sima! kendimt daha iyi hissediyorum.) look “bakmak Why are you looking out of the window? appear “(ortaya) cikmak™ ‘The comedian is appearing nightly at the Broken Door club. ‘weigh "lartmak” ‘The butcher is welghing the meat now. be dromusma an bi des ade ederken am/is/are being) rh You are being rude, (Kabelegyorsun Hegde Ponti ins Suseinda Kaba daroncupn beur {in Kabab kisi genel bir Szellip olmayabii) hhave (eylem bildiriyorsa) She 45 having breakfast now. Father can't come (o the phone. He 4s having a shower right now. ‘Sabiplik bildiren “have/has* “have got/has got bigiminde de kullamir. | 1 have got two sisters. [haven't got any brothers. She has got a car She hasn't got a bike Have you got any nephews? No. haven't. Has she got a boat? Yes, she has, No, she hasn't ELS O15