ABDOMEN ACCESSORY GI ORGANS N VESSELS

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT A. LIVER

- Weighs only 3lbs in adult
- Hollow tube that begins at mouth n ends at anus - Metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, proteins
- Consists of smooth muscle alternating w/ blood vessels n - Detoxifies blood
nerve tissue - Converts ammonia to urea for excretion
- Specialized circular n longitudinal fibers contract > - Synthesizes plasma proteins, nonessential amino acids,
peristalsis: propels food thru GI tract vitamins, and essential nutrients
- Peristalsis: involuntary contraction n relaxation of - Secretes bile (greenish fluid that helps digest fats and
longitudinal n circular muscle throughout digestive tract absorbs fatty acids, cholesterol, lipids that give stool color)
PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT B. GALLBLADDER
- Stores bile from liver till bile empties the duodenum
A. MOUTH C. BILE DUCTS
- Begins digestion thru chewing, salivating, swallowing - Hepatic ducts: drain bile from liver
B. TONGUE - Cystic ducts: drain bile from GB
- Provides sense of taste - Common bile duct: receives bile from hepatic n cystic
C. PAROTID, SUBLINGUAL & SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS ducts n empties bile to duodenum
- Produces saliva D. PANCREAS
D. EPIGLOTTIS - Releases insulin n glycogen into bloodstream n produces
- Keeps food n fluid from being aspirated into airway by enzymes that aid in digestion
closing over the larynx when food is swallowed - Consists of head, body, tail
E. PHARYNX - 6-8’’ 15-20.5 cm in length
- Consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx E. VESSELS
- Passage of food from mouth to esophagus - the abdominal aorta supplies blood to GI tract
- Assists in swallowing - gastric n splenic veins drain absorbed nutrients into portal
- Secretes mucus, aids digestion vein of liver
F. ESOPHAGUS
- Hollow, muscular tube that’s approx.. 10’’ (25.5 cm) ASSESSMENT OF THE ABDOMEN
- Moves food from pharynx to stomach using peristalsis - INSPECTION, AUSCULTATION, PERCUSSION, PALPATION
G. STOMACH - Start at the RLQ>RUQ>LUQ>LLQ
- Dilated, saclike lies obliquely in left upper quadrant - Auscultate first cause when you palpate first it may change
- Contains 2 important sphincters: the sound of the bowel sounds; peristalsis
- cardiac sphincter: protects entrance to stomach -
- pyloric sphincter: guards the exit -
- stores food n mixes it w/ gastric juice
- passes chyme into small intestine for further digestion n
absorption
H. RUGAE
- Accordion-like folds in stomach lining
- Allow stomach to expand
I. SMALL INTESTINE
- Duodenum, jejenum, ileum
- Loc of carbohydrate, fat, protein breakdown
- Absorbs end product of digestion
J. VERMIFORM APPENDIX
- Fingerlike projection that’s attached to cecum
K. LARGE INTESTINE
- Consists of the cecum; ascending, transverse, descending,
sigmoid colons; rectum n anus
- Absorbs excess water n electrolytes
- Stores food residue
- Eliminates waste products in form of feces