INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

REVIEWER
MODULE 5. FREEDOM OF MODULE 6.
THE HUMAN INTERSUBJECTIVITY C.
PERSON INTERSUBJECTIVITY.
A. ORIGIN OF § “inter” which connotes
FREEDOM. “among and
§ Philosophia Ancilla Theologiae between”
which means “philosophy is § “subject” that is
the servant of equivalent to a
theology” “conscious being”
§ Imago Dei or “the image § Thus, intersubjectivity would
of God”. B. KINDS OF mean in the
FREEDOM. general sense as
i. PHYSICAL FREEDOM. It
“sharing of
refers to the absence
of any physical subjective states by
restraint; the personhas two or more
the freedom of individuals” (Scheff,
mobility to go 2006)
where he or she D. PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY
wants to go. ON
ii. PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERSUBJECTIVI
FREEDOM. It is TY i.
also called as freedom CONFUCIUS.
of choice.The personis
free to perform • Ren or “human-
actions that he or heartedness”
she considers right and • It is a virtue central
wise. A personis to a man that
also free to act or can be found in
not to act. his sociality or
iii. MORAL FREEDOM. It intersubjectivity.
refers to using freedom • He stresses order and
in a manner harmony in the
that upholds his world.
humandignity and • His aims can be
goodness. A person achieved through
must use his freedom practical, concrete,
to grow as a particular, and
person. perceptual ways. ii.
•

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

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• MARTIN BUBER. philosopher, we use
• He is a Jewish his real name.
philosopher who • For Wojtyla, humanaction
introduced the “I-Thou” is the foundation
and “I-It” relationships to of our being.
embody his • But the human reality is
philosophy of also about being with
intersubjectivity. others,so our actions
• For Buber, we have to are also directed
treat another personas towards others.
a subject or a • This form of action is
being different from now called
things or objects. “Participation.” In
the theory of
• People are not inanimate participation, man has
objects to be the capacity to
used. They have their share himself to
own mind and free others.
will; thus, we have to
respect others as we E. HUMAN INTERACTIONS.
respect ourselves. a. DIALOGUE.
§ It is an
• “I” refers to the self and interaction between
“Thou”or “You” refers to persons that
others.T happens through
• his “IThou” relationship is speechor the use
the most meaningful of words,expressions,
relationship in the and body language.
realm of humanity.
The personis
§ a
• The “I” is the same being who is open
with the “Thou”and to others and is
there should be mutual capable of
relationship between receiving others in
them. iii. KAROL a dialogue.
WOJTYLA.
b. EMPATHY.
• He is also St. John
§ Or the ability to
Paul II but as a
share emotions, is

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an important aspect of moral obligation to
intersubjectivity. respond to the
§ This emotion is needs of other
driven by a person's people; and one
awareness that the cannotturn a blind
other is a person eye on the
with thoughts and problems of others.
feelings.
§ Empathy enables us § People relate to not
to experience another all humaninteractions,
person's emotions, however, are
such as happiness, positive.
anger, and sadness. MODULE 7. THE HUMAN
PERSON IN
§ In a manner of THE SOCIETY
speaking, sympathy is
A. KINDS OF SOCIETY 1.
"feeling with and
PRE-INDUSTRIAL
empathy is "feeling SOCIETIES.
in. 1.1. Tribal Society.
c. AVAILABLITY.
• The term “tribe”
§ Or the willingness of
denotes a group
a personto be
of peoples living
present and be at
in a primitive
the disposal of
settingunder a leader
another.
or chief.
d. ETHICS OF CARE.
• The term ‘tribal
§ It is an ethical
society’ associates
theory that emphasizes the
it to other
moral dimension of
meaning such as
relationships.
“primitive society”
§ This moral perspective
or “preliterate
encourages individuals to
society.”
help other people,
• The word ‘tribe’ has
most especially the
become an
vulnerable.
important technical
§ Proponents of the
term which pertains
ethics of care believe
to a political
that people have a

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unit in a certain • Due to the lack
territory. of effective
• The term’s use is centralized government
rooted from Latin which is during this period,
associated to the kings and lords
political divisions or granted land and
orders of the Roman provided protection
empire. to lesser nobles
• Tribal societies are knownas vassals.
small in scale; bound to
their spatial and temporal • In return,these
range of relations in vassals swore oaths
terms of society, of loyaltyand
law, and politics; and military service
possess a moral to their lords.
code, cult, and wide
range of belief system. • Peasants knownas
serfs were bound to
• The language systems the land and were
of tribes are unwritten subject to the
which provides a will of their lords.
narrow extent of
communication. 2. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• At the same time, § is the one which
tribal societies show a uses advance
selfsustaining structure technology to drive
which is absent in the a massive
modern society. production industry
1.2. Feudal Society. that will support
• Feudalism refers to a large population.
the economic, political,
and social system § The objective of
that prevailed in an industrial
Europe from about economy is the
the ninth to the fast and efficient
fifteenth century. manufacturing of
standardized products.

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3. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY. ii. Indefinite iii. One’s
§ ismarked by a property iv. Non-
progress from a relational
manufacturing-based to v. Not to be
a service-based economy. outstripped I.
DEATH IS
B. DIGITAL SOCIETY AND CERTAIN.
INFORMATION AGE • As part of humanness,
§ DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP. we are all born
A personwho is (in Heideggerian sense,
knowledgeable and we are “thrown”)
responsible enough to in the world.
effectively use different • The world is governed
social platforms in the by time.
internet. • We, humans, are
§ DIGITAL AGE. The existing in time,
virtual society and the thus, as being
technological devices thrown in the
today are starting to world, we have
reshape the human beginning and since
personand human we are finite beings,
interactions and we also have end
relationships. More and – death.
more interactions are II. DEATH IS INDEFINITE.
done in the virtual • While death is sure
world than in the to come, it is
actual world. People are however indefinite
more thrilled to see as to when it
their virtual selves than will come.
their actual selves. III. DEATH IS ONE’S
PROPERTY.
MODULE 8. HUMAN PERSON
AND DEATH • The death of a person
belongs to him.
A. PHENOMENOLOGICAL NOTION OF IV. DEATH IS NON-
DEATH. RELATIONAL.
• According to Martin Heideger • This means that when we
in his book Being and die, we die alone.
Time, death is: i. Certain

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V. DEATH IS NOT TO BE
OUTSTRIPPED.
• Death cannotbe taken away
from a person.

• Even the personhimself

cannotremove the
possibility of death in
his life.
• One cannotmake himself live
forever.
END OF CONTENT

Prepared by:

ALLANA ROSE S. AQUILLA

Subject Teacher

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