1 Title I

Republic of the Philippines

Don Honorio Ventura State University
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

Title

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Industrial Technology

Don Honorio Ventura State University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology
Major in ELECTRICAL

Leader

ROLAND BELLO

Members

JIGEN NICOLAS

May 11 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS: PAGE

Title Page………………………………...…………………………………...……….…..I

CHAPTER 1: The Problem and Its Background……………….......…………………1

Conceptual Framework……………….…………………………………………...6

Statement of the Problem…………………….………………………………..…..7

Significance of the Study……………………………………………...………..…8

Scope and Delimitations……………………………………………..……..……..8

Definition of Terms………………………………………...………………..……9

CHAPTER 2: Materials and Methods……………………………..……...…….…….10

Research Design…………………………………………………………...……..10

Research Locale……………………………………………………..…….……..10

Research Respondents and Sampling Technique……………………………… .10

Research Instrument……………………………………………………..……….11

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………....……………..….…….. 11

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Data Analysis…………………………………………………….….……….…. 12

Product Development…………………………….………………..…….….…... 13

Planning Phase…………………………………….…………....…..……13

Development Phase……………………………………………….….…. 13

Analysis Phase………………………………….………………………..16

Testing and Evaluation……………………………………………….….17

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TITTLE: Automatic switching incubator solar backup

THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION:

Time Incubators are an artificial method of raising hatchlings that has been widely
adopted around the world because the natural method has numerous flaws. If the
layers (birds) are allowed to incubate the eggs. Then it will spend a long time hatching
the egg and then caring for the hatchlings until they reach a certain level in their
development; during this time, layers will not engage in reproduction activity, which will
have a significant impact on the farm's productivity. It is vital to maintain particular
conditions during the incubation phase, such as temperature, humidity, angular
location, and ventilation. The traditional paradigm of fuel light implementation was
inefficient since it lags in governing all of the specifications and requirements.

Raising native chickens is one of the most common side enterprises practiced by the people of
Palembayan District, Agam Regency, Nagari Salareh Aia Nagari's chicken farm management
The community of Salareh Aia continues to administer it on a small scale. This is brought on
by
The community has limited technology, knowledge, and funding. This is seen in the breeding.
a procedure that still relies on a hen with limited egg-incubation capacity, causing the
production to suffer
The capacity is likewise limited. The egg hatching machine, which can boost chicken output
and
The Salareh Aia community cannot use ducks. This is due to the inconsistency of the data.
since it is frequently killed by intervention Furthermore, free-range chicken produced by
Because the community's harvest season is 5-6 months long, it is less cost effective to plant.
large-scale development Cross-breeding has been used to boost the economic worth of native
chicken farms.
Female broiler chickens and native chickens have been bred to reduce harvest time.
[1] Limit the period to two months. At the age of three months, this super-native chicken can
be harvested.
It has a body weight of approximately 1 kg, making it more profitable than regular native
chicken [1]. Using the
Because of the advantages that this super native chicken possesses, a super native chicken
breeding was established in
Nagari Salareh Aia's service program
To be successful as a super native

A novel solar house incubator design is advised for hatching eggs utilizing solar
energy as a first step toward maximizing renewable energy sources rather than
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traditional power. To preserve the incubator temperature at the optimal level, the
interior trials were conducted using two ways. The first, which employs a solar collector
and heater, is powered by a solar cell. The second is that the heater is solely powered
by solar cells. The DC motor that moves the mat and changes the location of the eggs
automatically.

The experimental periods from 7th to 28th of February (first period) and from 1st to
20th of June (second period) 2017 were recorded and evaluation at Tractor Test
Station. The total power with solar collector decreases by 26.8 % and 37.5%
compared to the total power when using the traditional method at the first and second
period respectively \

The performance of a Solar Powered Poultry Egg Incubator (SPPEI) was evaluated by
comparing it to an existing incubator that can incubate chicken eggs at temperatures
ranging from 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. The incubating unit, the temperature device,
and the photovoltaic (PV) system are the three primary components of the designed
incubator. In comparison to the current incubator, which had 60% hatchability, the
designed incubator had 73 percent hatchability, 71 percent strong chicks, and less
dead embryos.

This research created an automated egg incubator and hatchery system with
temperature and humidity control. The performance of the incubator and hatchery
system were assessed. This was done in order to create a better incubator system
capable of hatching a large number of chicks at once while maintaining excellent
hatchability. The main heating devices in the incubator are three sets of 60 W bulbs
that supply the necessary temperature. The PIC16F877A processed data from the
sensors, and various control elements were activated to adjust the incubator's
parameters (using C codes). Electricity from the national grid was used to power the
system. The developed incubator system was put to the test. and temperature and
humidity readings were plotted on an hourly basis. Because the temperature and
humidity ranges were within the required ranges of 37–38°C and 32–35 percent, the
graph generated suggests that the incubator will efficiently execute its desired function
of hatching eggs

M. B. Ramli, H. P. Lim, M. S. Wahab, and M. F. Zin, “Egg Hatching Incubator Using Conveyor

Rotation System,” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 2, pp. 527-531, 2015.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.091.

M. A. Azizi, and A. Zariman, “Displaying Health Status Based IoT,” International Journal of
Recent Technology and Applied Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-35, 2020. [Online]. Available:
https:// doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0201.57. . [Accessed: June 2020]

The design and development of a chicken egg incubator is presented in this study.
The goal is to create and build a "Intelligent Egg Incubator" that can autonomously
hatch chicken eggs. The author employed a temperature control mechanism to
regulate the temperature of the incubator in his design. A temperature sensor, heating
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cooling elements, and a controller make up this system. If the temperature of the
incubator rises beyond a specific threshold, the cooling unit will kick in to lower the
temperature, but if it falls below another level, the heating element will kick in to raise
the temperature. The author also utilized a motion sensor to detect the eggs'
movements, The owner of the incubator will be notified if there is movement inside the
incubator.
A solar photovoltaic powered chicken egg incubator was conceived, manufactured,
and tested in this investigation to see how well it worked. The incubating unit,
automatic temperature device, and solar PV system are the main components of this
design. Throughout the incubation period, the incubating chamber was kept at a
temperature of 36.8oC to 37.9oC with an average relative humidity of 67.3 percent.
The percentage fertility and hatchability of eggs were 43.3 percent and 23.1 percent,
respectively, according to the findings. Many variables could have contributed to the
low hatchability rate, including overcast weather on day three of the incubation period,
inadequate egg storage prior to loading into the incubator, and so on.Time and energy
were lost turning the eggs, or perhaps the majority of the eggs were defective from the
start. The components of the incubator were estimated using engineering formulae
involving heat and mass balances.
Incubators are the artificial procedure of creating hatchlings. This process has been
widely adopted around the world because the natural approach has numerous flaws. If
the layers (birds) are allowed to incubate the eggs. Then it will spend a long time
hatching the egg and then caring for the hatchlings until they reach a certain level in
their development; during this time, layers will not engage in reproduction activity,
which will have a significant impact on the farm's productivity. It is vital to maintain
particular conditions during the incubation phase, such as temperature, humidity,
angular location, and ventilation. The traditional approach of fuel light implementation
was inefficient because it lags behind in governing all of the specifications, and they
system which ensure the reliable working of incubator , in this regard we have to
develop a cost effective power source,In recent days, several modifications and
improvisations have been made to egg incubators in order to increase hatchability by
taking into account many fixed factors in hatching the eggs. Some research has been
done on using new sources of energy for powering incubators, such as biogas, solar,
and wind mills. In a passive solar power incubator, solar heat is absorbed and
transferred into the incubators via heat exchangers [1]; however, the system requires
power for specification monitoring. P, as a result, when looking for a cost-effective
incubator that can perform a variety of functions for various specifications,The
incubator is most commonly used in remote areas where individuals do not have
access to programming. We must provide them with a simple menu key to change the
specifications. Few microprocessor-based solar-powered incubators are designed for
single specifications. While this system has the flexibility to add new specifications, it
lacks an alert system in the event of any deviation from the desired condition [3][5].
Rollers for altering egg placements, water sprayers for controlling humidity, and
consistent heating still or forced type ventilation are some of the innovations
incorporated in traditional versions.

This model aims to find a cost-effective and user-friendly solution that may help
increase poultry farm output while also ensuring reliability under all conditions. If any
deviation in maintaining the intended circumstances, the existing system is deficient in
the alter system. This is essential since it has a significant impact on productivity.
Furthermore, by adding a menu key, the user can configure numerous criteria to make
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the device compatible for various sorts of eggs. Figure 1 shows the system's block
diagram, which clearly shows the essential components needed to realize the system.
Solar energy is turned into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels, which is then
stored in the battery via a charge controller,A battery powers an 80-watt lamp to
achieve the necessary temperature, a fan to ventilate and maintain the oxygen level, a
water spray, a DC motor to vary the angular position of the eggs, and a
microprocessor as a controller. Temperature, humidity, and oxygen level monitors are
utilized to monitor the physical variables that are required to establish the proper
incubation conditions. The GSM module is connected to the real-time data
aimed at improving the design of a cost-effective automated egg incubator Methods: In
order to achieve the goals, the
Researchers examined a number of documents related to the study.
further define the prerequisites for designing a microcontroller-based system
incubator. Farmers from Northern Luzon, Philippines, were interviewed.
also contributed to the success of the design change The investigators
acquired data on temperature, humidity, cost-effectiveness, and benefits
and drawbacks of existing incubators, as well as input from farmers prior
designing. This study's incubator employs cutting-edge techniques including as
the temperature and humidity are maintained by an automatic controlled device
It allows for automatic tray switching; the research also looked into
a financial assessment between the hatching efficiency and hatching capacity
The planned microcontroller egg incubator and the existing egg incubator both have
been
The investigation discovered that the constructed incubator's hatching rate was higher
than average.
The efficiency ranges from 80 to 93 percent, with an average of 86.5 percent.
Duck eggs made up 56 percent of the hatched eggs, while chicken eggs made up 48
percent. It

Duck eggs have the highest number of hatchings when compared to other eggs.

to eggs from chickens The farmers' net income increased as well. Further,

The modified technology is less expensive than the manual, indicating a savings.

Incubation costs for chicken and duck eggs are Php 20.07 and Php 17.2, respectively.

The study showed that a microcontroller-based egg incubator is suitable for small-
scale poultry breeders

The poultry sector generates a significant amount of gross domestic product.

flesh, eggs, and feathers This industry is heavily reliant on the quality and quantity of
its products.
created every year (1)
. Poultry is an important commodity in developed countries.
It is relatively inexpensive and widely available. The predicted rise in the least
developed countries
Between 2005 and 2015, there was a 26 percent increase in egg consumption,
compared to only 2.4 percent in more developed countries.
Economies
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According to the Philippine Statistic Authority, for the months of October and
December 2018, the quantity of
138.54 million metric tons of chicken eggs were produced. It increased by 8.41 percent
over the previous year's output.

127.79 thousand metric tons were produced. Chicken egg production has recovered
from a drop of 0.89 percent in 2016 and an increase of 8.41 percent in 2017.

% growth in 2018 compared to the previous three years In the fourth quarter, all
regions saw increases in chicken egg production.

except in Central Luzon, where production levels fell 1.19 percent compared to the
same period last year. Artificial egg hatcheries are being used to meet the rising
demand for poultry products. The backyard, on the other hand,
The reliance on natural incubation/commercial hatcheries by small-scale chicken
farmers limits their options. Furthermore, the
Due to erratic environmental conditions such as temperature, the number of chicks
generated through natural incubation is small.
This incubation process eventually collapsed due to humidity and hen death(4) (5)
.
Temperature, humidity, ventilation, and rotation are four important factors to consider
when incubating eggs artificially.
The most important factor is temperature. However, humidity appears to be
overlooked, resulting in special challenges with
hatching.The complete investigation revealed that the ideal incubator temperature is
when the relative humidity is 60%.
100◦F. Oxygen levels should be over 20%, carbon dioxide levels should be below 0.5
percent, and 12 cubic feet of water should be available.
Every minute of air passing through the egg is estimated to happen
.
Artificial incubation has the following advantagesa large number of chicks can be
hatched in a short period of timea high possibility of hatching chicks.
(3) the failure to plan when to hatch chicks, as opposed to a hen who may not
understand when to sit for eggs;
infect chicks with parasites and illnesses;since there is no cost to feed the brooded
hen when the incubator is used
When all eggs are exposed to optimal hatching temperatures, there is a lower risk of
egg spoiling; and, There are fewer chances of hen disease.
Pecking eggs is a common occurrence during natural incubation. On the other side,
there are various dangers. Which
(1) The high cost of the incubator, as most incubators are prohibitively expensive for
small-scale farmers; (2)
(3) the requirement for competence in handling and operating the incubator; and (4)
the high risk of harming the embryo, which may potentially result in the death of the
mother.
break eggs, particularly during egg rotation
As a result of scientific and technological advancements, the method of incubating
poultry eggs has improved over time.

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advancements. The goal of current study is to control the temperature of eggshells by
combining the results of several variables.
Incubation is influenced. Furthermore, light monitoring is necessary to ensure that the
egg hatching process is reliable. Automated
Incubation is already employed to hatch eggs in chicken farms
The process for incubating poultry eggs has improved over time as a result of scientific
and technological breakthroughs.
advances. The current study's purpose is to combine the results of numerous variables
in order to manage the temperature of eggshells.
Influenced incubation In addition, light monitoring is required to ensure that the egg
hatching process is consistent. Automated
In poultry farms, incubators are already used to hatch eggs

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