Presentation on​

STONE
COLUMNS
Ground Improvement Techniques​
Guide: Er. Deepak Rana Sir
By
Aatish Kumar 202397
Aayush 202398
Irshad Alam 202400
Nilesh Nikam 202402
Tanu Priya 202403
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Topics

1 2 3 4 5
Introduction to GIT Requirement of Installation Design of Stone Installation
and Stone GIT and Techniques, Columns Procedure of Stone
Columns Influencing Factors Function, Uses and Columns
Limitation of Stone
Columns
Stone Columns
GIT
Introduction
• Stone columns are vertically positioned piles of compacted, gravel-
sized stone particles used to enhance the performance of soft or loose
soils.

• The stone can be compacted using impact techniques, such as

vibrofloats, impact compactors, falling weights, and so on.

• The technique is used to increase bearing capacity (up to 5 to 10 ksf

or 240 to 480 kPa), decrease foundation settlements, improve
slope stability, reduce seismic subsidence, reduce lateral spreading
and liquefaction potential, allow construction on loose/soft fills, and
prevent sinkholes.

Source:
• They act as Vertical Drains and mitigate the potential for Liquefaction. https://earthtech.com

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• The use of stone column is of recent origin in Ground Improvement
Technique.

• It increases the rate of consolidation.

• The stiffness of stone columns is very large as compared tothat of

nearby soil

• Stone columns work most effectively when used for large area
stabilization of the soil mass.

• Average depth of stone column accomplished in India may be around

15.0 m or so.

• The method has been mainly used to improve subsoil below buildings,
embankments etc.

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Requirements of Stone
Columns and GIT

To alter the natural To improve bearing Stone columns are

properties of rock and capacity of soil. required where loose
soil. sandy soil is present.

When the project is Reducing

designed to provide Compressibility of
drainage or slope subsoil.
stability
Influencing Factors in
Stone Column Design
• Type of Soil Available in ground

• Depth of Treatment Requirement

• Area of Treatment Required

• Type of Equipment Used

Installation Techniques

Non- Displacement Displacement

Method Method

Bored Vibro
Rammed Replacement
System Method
Functions and Uses of
Stone Columns
To increase bearing capacity.

Improves stiffness of subsoil to decrease settlements.

To carry very high loads.

More economical than Piling

No waiting period after installation

Homogenizes variable soil properties.

Source:
https://www.theengineeringcommunity.org
Design of Stone Columns IS Code: 15284-1 (2003)

Design Parameters

1. Stone Column Diameter

2. Pattern of Arrangement
 3. Spacing • Loading Pattern
• Site Conditions
• Column Factors
• Installation Techniques
• Settlement Tolerence

4. Replacement Ratio
5. Bearing Capacity
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Stone Column
Installation Procedure

1. Top Feed System 2. Bottom Feed System

Stone Columns
GIT
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GIT
Stone Columns
1. Top Feed System
 14 1. Top Feed System
Stone Columns
GIT
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GIT
Stone Columns
2. Bottom Feed System
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2. Bottom Feed System

Stone Columns
GIT
Thank you