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  • Spinal Cord Lesions

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    This document summarizes several spinal cord lesions including: 1) Poliomyelitis which causes damage to the anterior motor horn from poliovirus infection, presenting with lower motor neuron signs such as muscle weakness and atrophy. 2) Syringomyelia which is a cystic degeneration of the spinal cord arising from trauma or Arnold-Chiari malformation, causing sensory loss of pain and temperature from C8-T1. 3) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which is a degenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons presenting with atrophy, weakness, and both upper and lower motor neuron signs.

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    SPINAL CORD LESIONS

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    This document summarizes several spinal cord lesions including: 1) Poliomyelitis which causes damage to the anterior motor horn from poliovirus infection, presenting with lower motor neuron signs such as muscle weakness and atrophy. 2) Syringomyelia which is a cystic degeneration of the spinal cord arising from trauma or Arnold-Chiari malformation, causing sensory loss of pain and temperature from C8-T1. 3) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which is a degenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons presenting with atrophy, weakness, and both upper and lower motor neuron signs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views2 pages

    Spinal Cord Lesions

    Uploaded by

    luismpereaunam
    This document summarizes several spinal cord lesions including: 1) Poliomyelitis which causes damage to the anterior motor horn from poliovirus infection, presenting with lower motor neuron signs such as muscle weakness and atrophy. 2) Syringomyelia which is a cystic degeneration of the spinal cord arising from trauma or Arnold-Chiari malformation, causing sensory loss of pain and temperature from C8-T1. 3) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which is a degenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons presenting with atrophy, weakness, and both upper and lower motor neuron signs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    SPINAL CORD LESIONS

    Poliomyelitis
    Syringomyelia Damage to anterior motor horn due to poliovirus
    Cystic degeneration of the spinal cord infection (feco-oral transmission, infects
    Arises with trauma or in association with oropharynx and small bowel: fever, sore throat,
    Arnold- Chiari malformation abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting).
    Usually occurs at C8- T1 When it spreads to the CNS via blood →
    Sensory loss of pain and temp anterior motor horn.
    Sparing of fine touch and position sense in Presents with lower motor neuron signs
    the upper extremities (UE)

    Img.: Flaccid paralysis with muscle atrophy,


    weakness with decreased tone, impaired
    reflexes, negative Babinsky

    Werdnig- Hoffmann disease


    Inherited degeneration of anterior motor
    horn; autosomal recessive
    Presents as “floppy baby”
    Death occurs within a few years after birth
    Same symptoms as previous disease
    Img.: Pain and temp crosses in anterior
    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
    white commisure (3 independent neurons).
    Degenerative disorder of upper and lower
    In syringomyelia, the anterior white commisure
    motor neurons (corticospianl tracts)
    is knocked up → P/T on both sides (from C8 to
    Anterior motor horn involvement leads to
    T1). Dorsal column (fine touch and position
    LMN signs
    sense) isn’t altered.
    Lateral corticospinal tract involvement leads
    If the syrinx expands → knocks up anterior horn
    to UMN signs.
    → LMN disorder → muscle weakness with
    Atrophy and weakness of hands is an early
    atrophy, decreased tone impaired reflexes
    sign
    *If it knocks the lateral horn (hipothalamus-
    Can resemble syringomyelia bc syringo
    spianl tract carries sympathetic input to face) →
    involves C8-T1 so it would affect UE
    lateral horn in T1: Horner syndrome → ptosis,
    (including hands) & also damage to anterior
    myosis, anhidrosis.
    horns (atrophy and weakness of hands)
    BUT… in syringo: loss of P/T (not in ALS).
    Most cases are sporadic
    Arises in middle- aged adults
    Zinc- copper superoxide dismutase
    mutation is present in some familial cases

    Img.: SOD removes free radicals by converting


    superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. → free
    radicals damage neurons

    Friedreich Ataxia
    Degenerative disorder of cerebellum and
    spinal cord tracts
    Presents as ataxia (cerebellum) with loss of
    vibratory sense and propioception, muscle
    weakness in lower extremities, and loss of
    DTR.
    A.Recessive; unstable trinucleotide repeat
    (GAA) in frataxin gene (frataxin gene →
    mitochondrial Fe regulation → increases risk of
    producing free radicals by the Fenton reaction.
    Presents in early childhood
    Associated with hypertrophic
    cardiomyopathy

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