Chapter 4, 8 & 10

Guide
Computation Process And
Table Format Samples
 Chapter 4
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
Chapter 4 Guidelines
4.1 Public Transport Performance by Route (Actual)
Within LGU

Format for Data Presentation (By Mode Type) create for each mode type
Mode: __________

No Route Name Mode Actual Route Route Actual no. Actual no. Ave. Travel Terminal Ave. no Ave. Ave. seating
Alignment Length of units of hours in Speed Waiting of round daily capacity
in kms operating/ operation/d (ATS) Time trips load (ASC)
(RL) day ay In hours /day factor
(NOH) (TWT) (VLF)

1
PUJ
A-C A-B-C 20 4 8 20 1 2 0.7 9
Class 1
2 Sample value only
3

(data based on _______, _______, ________)

● for PUJ, always specify which class (Class 1 (Filcab), Class 2 (Jeepney), Class 3 (UV))
● terminal waiting time is always in HOURS (convert to hours if recorded TWT is in minutes, divide by 60)
Chapter 4 Guidelines
a. Data sources should be indicated, to with
■ Number of Authorized Units (NAU):
1. LTFRB for Jeepneys, UV
2. LGU for tricycles

■ Actual Number of Units (NU) and Ave. No. of Round Trips:

1. License Plate Survey or
2. Transport groups’ interview

■ Route length
1. Measured from Map or other source

b. Create a Route Map for each transportation Mode

Note: ATS is 25 to 40 kph for buses;

20 to 40 kph for PUJ Class 2 & PUJ Class 3;
20 to 30 kph for PUJ Class 1 (filcab)
Chapter 4 Guidelines

4.2 Passenger Demand Estimates: Present Situation

Show passenger volume per route section per mode type, (in passengers/ day per
direction). Data source shall be mentioned, i.e. Boarding and Alighting Survey.
Example (show sketch per route per mode needed for passenger load profile)
Route Name: Point A to Point B:
Mode: Jeepney
Passenger Volume/Day (pax/day)

Note: For tricycles/habal-habals, data source shall be the tricycle/habal-habal operations

survey
Chapter 4 Guidelines

4.2 Passenger Demand Estimates: Present Situation

Show passenger volume per route section per mode type, (in passengers/ day per
direction). Data source shall be mentioned, i.e. Boarding and Alighting Survey.
Chapter 4 Guidelines

4.3 Traffic Impact Analysis in Critical Road Sections

a. Identify Critical Road Sections in your area and compute VCR per direction, as
shown below
b. For each critical road section, show the following data:

Name and direction of Road Section: ____________________

Traffic Volume Count: Morning or Afternoon Peak Hour (whichever is higher)
Chapter 4 Guidelines
Road Section Vehicle Type Peak hour volume PCU Factor Volume in PCU/hr

Private Car 1.0

Motorcycle 0.5

Jeepney 1.5

Bus/Minibus 2.5

Light Truck 2.0

Heavy Truck 3.0

Tricycle 0.7

UV 1.5

TOTAL

Note: if survey was not done hourly, use 10% of the total daily volume to get the Peak hour volume
Chapter 4 Guidelines

● Convert Volume to pcu, using pcu factors

● Estimate road capacity per direction

Undivided road (no median): Cap = 720 pcu/lane/hr
Divided road (with median): Cap = 900 pcu/lane/hr
Chapter 4 Guidelines

Road with Median Road without Median

Chapter 4 Guidelines

Compute VCR per direction:

If VCR ≥ 0.85 , road section is congested; said road section needs capacity
improvement such as traffic management measures
Chapter 4 Guidelines
Level of Characteristics VCR
service

A Condition of free flow with high speeds and low traffic volume. 0.00-0.19
Drivers can choose desired speeds without delays.

B In the zone of stable flow. Drivers have reasonable freedom to 0.20-0.44

select
their speed.
C In the zone of stable flow. Drivers are restricted in selecting their 0.45-0.69
speed.

D Approaches unstable flow with nearly all drivers restricted. 0.70-0.84

Service
volume corresponds to tolerable capacity.
E Traffic volumes near or at capacity. Flow is unstable with 0.85-1.00
momentary
stoppage.
F Forced or congested flow at low speeds. Greater than
Long queues and delays. 1.00

Source: Transport and Traffic

Planners (TTPI) Inc.
Chapter 4 Guidelines

Sample summary format

Road Section Volume in PCU/hr Road Capacity Volume Capacity Level of

(PCU/lane/hr) Ratio Service
Chapter 4 Guidelines

Sample computation for VCR

● Road width and number of lanes
○ Observed road section has no median
○ Northbound: 2 lanes @ 2.9 meters/lane
○ Southbound: 2 lanes @ 3.1 meters/lane
○ Since road section has no median, Unit Capacity = 720 pcu/lane/hr

● Identified peak hour (say, 8-9am)

○ Northbound: 1,224 pcu/hr
○ Southbound: 1,045 pcu/hr

● Road Capacity
○ Northbound: 720 x 2 lanes = 1,440 pcu/hr
○ Southbound: 720 x 2 lanes = 1,440 pcu/hr
Chapter 4 Guidelines

Sample computation for VCR

● VCR
○ Northbound:

= 0.85 (LOS = E)

○ Southbound:

= 0.73 (LOS = D)
Chapter 4 Guidelines

Sample computation for VCR

Road Capacity Volume Capacity Level of

Road Section Volume in PCU/hr
(PCU/lane/hr) Ratio Service

ABC Avenue (Northbound) 1224 1440 0.85 E

ABC Avenue (Southbound) 1045 1440 0.73 D

 Chapter 8
EVALUATION OF PROPOSED ROUTE PLAN
Chapter 8 Guidelines

8.2 Demand Forecast **be specific with route and mode of transport
Example:
A. Normal Growth: Target Year: 2023 (n=5)

For each existing route by mode type: use the existing pax volume (see 4.2) per
section as the base year volume.

Forecast pax volume per section per directions using the average population growth
rate of the LGU, i.e.

Where r = average annual growth rate in %

n = number of years/target year
Chapter 8 Guidelines
Normal Growth example:
To get the Future Volume use the formula:

where: r = average annual growth rate in %

n = number of years from base year

Route A to D:
PV = 1,195 pax/day
r = 2.6%
n = 5 years

Forecast Volume = 1,195 * (1.026)5

FV = 1,359 pax/day
Chapter 8 Guidelines
Normal Growth example:
Year 2018: Pop1 = 35,000 (base year population)
Year 2023: Pop2 = 39,800 (5 years from base year)

To get the growth rate use the formula:

Pop2 = Pop1 * (1+r/100)n
where r = average annual growth rate in %
n = number of years from base year

39,800 = 35,000 * (1 + r)5

(1 + r)5 = 39,800/35,000
(1 + r) = (39,800/35,000)1/5
(1 + r) = 1.026
r = 0.026

Average Growth Rate/year = 0.026 * 100

Growth Rate = 2.6%
Chapter 8 Guidelines

8.2 Demand Forecast **be specific with route and mode of transport
Example:

B. Generated Traffic for Target Year 2023

● estimate volume of generated traffic for route sections adjacent to new land use
● If the new land use development is not covered by an existing route, propose a new
route linking the development to the nearest existing route section. The estimated pax
volume shall be considered as the pax volume to be assigned to this new route
Chapter 8 Guidelines

8.2 Demand Forecast **be specific with route and mode of transport
Example:

C. Total Pax Volume

● shall be estimated for all route sections per route per mode by adding the normal
growth of demand and the generated traffic (if there is any).

PV = Daily Demand x Peak Hour Factor X Directional Factor

Daily Demand = Commuting Population(18-64 years old) x 75%( assumed Trip Rate
during Pandemic)
Commuting Population data should be obtained from PSA

Note: Peak Hour Factor should be computed

Directional Factor = 0.6

PHF= Peak hour volume/Total daily Volume

Chapter 8 Guidelines

8.2 Demand Forecast **be specific with route and mode of transport
Example:

Sample Forecasted Demand for 2020-2024

Route Current Year Demand 2021 2022 2023 2024

Chapter 8 Guidelines
8.3 Required Number of Units per Route

Formulas used:

RL Route Length
ATS Ave. Travel Speed
TRP Ave. Time per Round Trip (Formula: remove ‘x 2’ if loop) [sometimes called turn around time (TAT)]
VLF Viable Load factor (assumed value = 0.7) note: VLF is 1, if survey taken during pandemic
NOH Number of Operating Hours
NRT Ave. No. of Round Trips per hour
NU No of Units
UR Utilization Rate (Assumed value/constant = 0.8 or 0.85)
FS Fleet size
Sample Computation to get Fleet Size

Average one way travel time (TRT):

Route Length = 10km
Average Travel Speed = 25kph

TRT = =

= 0.4

Average time per round trip (TRP; or Turn around time (TAT)):
Average one way travel time = 0.4 (this value is computed)
Terminal Waiting Time = 0.33 (should be in hour; this value is surveyed)

TRP = (2*TWT) + (2*TRT) If Loop Route use the formula:

= (2*0.33) + (2*0.4) TRP = TWT + TRT
= 1.46
Sample Computation to get Fleet Size

Number of Roundtrips (NRT)

Number of operating hours: 10 hours (value is given)
Turn around time: 1.46 (computed value)

NRT = =

NRT = 6.85
= 7 (round up computed value)
Sample Computation to get Fleet Size

Number of Units (NU)

Passenger Volume: 1,359
Viable Load Factor: 0.7 (constant value)
Average Seating Capacity: 22 (Proposed mode is PUJ Class 2)
Number of Roundtrips: 7 (computed value)

NU = =

NU = 12.6
= 13 (round up computed value)
Sample Computation to get Fleet Size

Fleet Size (FS)

Number of Units: 13 (computed value)
Utilization Rate: 0.8 (constant value)

FS = =

FS = 16.25
= 17 (round up computed value)

NOTE:
If computed fleet size is less than 15 units, justification (per route) must be provided as
to why the route should be opened
Example: This route will replace the tricycle routes plying along the national highway
and it aims to cater to the demand in the barangays far from the poblacion area
Constant Values Used

VLF = 0.70 (assumed)

ASC (depends on the mode type),
i.e.
Bus: 50
Minibus: 35
PUJ Class 3 (UVE and Jeepney) : 22
PUJ Class 2 (Jeepney): 22
PUJ Class 1 (Filcab): 9

ATS 25 to 40 kph for buses

20 to 40 kph for PUJ Class 2 & 3
20 to 30 kph for PUJ Class 1 (filcab)

UR 0.80 to 0.85
Chapter 8 Guidelines
Sample Summary Format

Passenger
Route Mode Length ASC ATS TRP VLF NRT NU UR FS
Volume
 Chapter 8 Guidelines
Sample Summary Format

Passenger
Route Mode Length ASC ATS TRP VLF NRT NU UR FS
Volume

ABC Terminal to
XYZ Street and PUJ Class 2 10 km 1359 22 25 kph 1.46 0.7 7 0.8 13 17
vice versa

NOTE: always round-up computed values for NRT, NU and FS

 Chapter 10
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED ROUTES TO LTFRB,
PROVINCE, AND DOTR
Chapter 10 Guidelines

10.1 Summary of LGU Proposed Plan

Sample format for summary of proposed routes:

ROUTE ROUTE ROUTE MODE SHORT MEDIUM OVERLAP (with JUSTIFICATION

NAME STRUCTURE LENGTH TERM TERM existing or new FOR OVERLAP
FLEET FLEET routes)
SIZE SIZE
Example: Terminal A – 14.3 km PUJ 15 18 km overlap with No other highway
Route 1 Highway 1 – Class 2 route x can be used
Terminal B
Chapter 10 Guidelines

10.2 Summary of Recommended Route Plan for the consideration of the province and the
DOTR
Sample format for summary of recommended routes:

ROUTE ROUTE ROUTE MODE SHORT MEDIUM OVERLAP (with JUSTIFICATION

NAME STRUCTURE LENGTH TERM TERM existing or new FOR OVERLAP
FLEET FLEET routes)
SIZE SIZE
Example: Terminal A – 14.3 km PUJ 15 18 km overlap with No other highway
Route 1 Highway 1 – Class 2 route x can be used
Terminal B

NOTE: routes here should not be intramunicipal

Chapter 10 Guidelines

If LGU is for SNOC here are the required documents to support this claim:

- Chapter 1.4 - Maps to support claims on geophysical features (mountainous terrain, steep slopes,
and etc.)
- Chapter 2 - Population
- Chapter 5.2 - Development Constraints (lack of roads, ongoing constructions, not passable roads,
flood prone areas and etc.)
- Chapter 6.3 - Proposed Transport Projects
Thank you!