Definitions, industrial system and types of industry
What is meant by a processing An industry where raw materials/inputs changed into a final
industry?
What is meant by industrial
processes?
What is meant by an
assembly industry?
explain what is meant by
assembly industry
describe two characteristics of the
assembly industry
What is meant by
manufacturing?
In which sector, primary,
secondary, tertiary or quaternary,
would the following people
who are employed by the
factory?
how car assembly is highly
mechanised
Define the following
terms.
Inputs, processes and
output.
Factors for industrial locations
product/goods/useful materials.
The steps through/things done/procedures in a factory OR
where materials/parts/inputs/raw materials are changed
together into a final product/output/occur in a factory
An industry/factory where components/materials are put
together
Use components/different/premade parts; Produced by
different factories/suppliers; These are put together;
Highly mechanised/automated/uses machines/advanced
technology/computers; Capital intensive; Few employees; Each
employee is doing a different job; Modern/up to date
Manufacturing is the making of/producing of products/changing
RMs to products/processing raw materials
- workers who carry out research and use it to design new
machines - Quaternary
- drivers of lorries transporting products from the factory -
Tertiary
- people operating machines in the factory - Secondary
There are relatively few workers/job not done by people; There
is machinery/assembly line/robots etc.
Input = things/what is needed for production to take place
Processes = things which are done to convert raw materials to
products Output = finished products
Explain why raw materials and
markets may influence the
location of manufacturing
industry
Suggest reasons for moving the
industry to a different location.
Explain how the location
of industry can be
influenced by transport
Explain why a location close to a
market was chosen by the owners
of the bakery
Suggest two reasons why the
factory was located close to the
canal.
Explain how the location of
manufacturing industry may be
influenced by political factors.
Suggest why the tea factory is
located close to the tea
plantations.
suggest reasons for the location of
the shoe factory
If manufacturing industries are located close to raw
materials/market transport costs will be reduced; If raw
materials are bulky industries need to be close to them/near the
port; If raw materials are perishable the industry needs to be
close to them; If finished products are bulky industries need to
be close to the market/cities; If finished products are perishable
the industry needs to be close to the market/cities;
Reasons could include reference to: Move to a more modern
building; More environmentally friendly/more efficient in terms
of layout (dev) Canal/water transport no longer; Goods now
moved by road/too slow to transport by water (dev) Lack of
space/need to expand; Too many other industries taking up the
nearby space (dev) The areas roads may be congested/narrow;
And much time will be wasted in traffic (dev) Excessive cost of
land; Cheaper land may be available on edge of city (dev)
Government incentives/disincentives or examples; E.g. tax
concessions, subsidies for locating in enterprise zones (dev)
Consideration of areas where labour is cheaper/more available;
E.g. in LEDCs where wages are low, areas of high unemployment
(dev) Growth of new markets/closer to bigger market In areas
where population is growing rapidly (dev) Move away from
competitors; So that they can sell items without competition
(dev) Move to be close to suppliers/natural resources/other
branches of company/ initial supplies of raw materials used up;
To reduce transport costs (dev); Near to an airport; For access to
international markets (dev) Authorities taking action
about/complaints from residents about noise/air pollution etc.;
Which would prevent them from producing at full capacity (dev)
Near roads; Near railways/railway stations; Near
ports/harbours/rivers/canals; Near airports; To transport raw
materials/inputs/imports; To transport finished
goods/outputs/exports; To reduce costs; To increase speed;
Especially bulky materials(dev); Especially perishable goods
(dev)
Bread is bulky; Reduces transport costs; Bread is perishable/can
be sold whilst still fresh; More profitable/more business;
easy transport of inputs/outputs Water readily available for
processes/cooling/washing
Governments encourage industrial growth in some
areas/industries; Development Area/Enterprise Zone status;
Availability of grants/subsidies, Lower tax rates in some areas;
Infrastructure/ready built sites provided; Government may offer
low interest loans; Planning permission is not possible in all
places; Government protects certain areas from industrial
growth/pollution
The plantations provide the main raw material; Lowers
transport costs; The raw material is readily available; Tea is fresh
on arrival at factory
Local labour supply; Local market; Railway (for transport of raw

For a named example you have
studied, describe and explain the
location of a factory or industrial
zone.
Environmental impacts of industry
Suggest reasons why assembly
industries might cause fewer
problems for the local natural
environment than manufacturing
and processing
industries.
Suggest how Roads and railways,
Docks, and A large urban
population have encouraged the
growth of manufacturing
industry.
Explain how manufacturing
industry may increase the rate of
global warming.
Explain how the local natural
environment may be at risk from
industries such as fish
processing.
Suggest how the manufacturing
industries might cause problems
for the local natural environment
materials/finished products); Road / track; Electricity supply;
Cattle kept in area supply leather/raw material for shoes; Flat
land
Raw materials, Transport, Market, Labour, Government policy,
Ports
Fuels are not burnt/required/fuels only used to power the
machines; Water not needed; There would be few/no waste
products; Atmosphere will not be polluted/less emissions/no
smoke/no greenhouse gases created; Rivers/oceans/water will
not be polluted/no liquid waste to dispose of etc
Roads/railways used for transportation of raw
materials/finished products/goods; Docks use for
exporting/importing/trade/commerce; Large urban population
provides a market/workforce etc
Use of electricity; Which is generated using coal/oil/gas; Direct
use of fossil fuels/coal/oil/gas; Release of carbon
dioxide/increases in atmosphere; Which is a greenhouse gas or
example; Creates a blanket/layer in the atmosphere; Sun`s rays
can pass through it; But cannot escape/are trapped;
Deforestation/loss of trees; Less plants to use carbon dioxide;
Deforestation; Loss of habitat; Animals scared by noise; Water
pollution; Reduction of fish stocks; Disruption to food chains;
Lowering of water table; Air pollution
Smoke/emissions of gases/air pollution; Water/river pollution
loss of/damage to natural vegetation/deforestation;
birds/insects/animals killed /poisoned; extinction of species;
impact on ecosystems/food chains; noise scares wildlife; habitat
loss; acid rain industrial waste
Definitions and attractions
What is meant by
international tourist?
State different types of
scenery which can
attract tourists.
Describe the attractions
of the natural
environment
Explain why many cities
have become tourist
attractions.
identify three attractions
of for
tourists.
Identify three attractions of the
human landscape for tourists
describe the natural attractions for
tourists.
Describe the attractions of the
climate of the Maldives for
tourists.
Describe the characteristics of the
physical landscape of small
People who go on holiday/spend leisure time/sightsee from
another country
Mountains/hills/uplands;
Cliffs/arches/stacks/headlands/beaches/bays/sand
dunes/coasts/caves; Rivers/valleys/gorges/waterfalls; Forests or
specified vegetation type; Volcanic scenery/volcano/sill/dyke;
Lakes etc.
• Lake/inlet of sea/fjord/river; • Steep
slopes/cliffs/mountains/hills/valley; • waterfalls; •
forests/woodland; • Green/blue water; • Snow;
History/historical
buildings/castles/museums/monuments/statues; religious
buildings/cathedrals; famous buildings/landmarks/towers;
culture/theatres/cinemas/galleries; restaurants/bars/nightlife;
shopping centres etc.
wildlife; valley; plateau/table land/rock
outcrops/mountains/hills; market stalls/variety of fruits &
vegetables to buy; resort/hotel/swimming pool; tropical
vegetation/forest; cave/restaurant; lake/reservoir/dam/river
etc.
Shopping mall; (Hindu) temple; (Dodo) museum; Heritage site;
Botanical garden; Dolphin cruise/subscooter
ride/submarine/watersports/diving; Bird park/walk with the
lions;
Blue/clear/clean/calm/unpolluted sea/water;
Sandy/white/empty/not crowded/gently sloping beach;
Sheltered bay; Tropical vegetation/palm tree; Mountain views;
Sunshine/clear skies/sunny/blue sky/direct sunlight;
High/hot temperatures; Large number of sunshine hours/sunny;
Little seasonal variation/all year, etc.
Beaches; Cliffs; Bays/headlands; Coral reefs; Palm trees/tropical
vegetation, etc.
 tropical islands, such as
the Maldives, which have
encouraged the growth of the
tourist industry.
Causes of tourism
Explain why
international tourism
has increased in the last
50 years.
Impacts of tourism
Suggest different jobs
created by the tourist
industry
Suggest reasons why the
government is encouraging
tourism
explain how the tourist industry
may cause problems for local
people.
Explain how the tourist industry
may benefit the local people
Greater affluence; Development of transportation/accessibility;
More advertising/greater awareness/internet/online booking;
Package holidays; Investment/increase in tourism
facilities/attractions/hotels; Paid holidays from work; Longer
holidays/people retire earlier; Cheaper air travel/more
airports/more air routes/more direct flights; More travel
agencies; More affordable/decreasing relative costs; People
want to experience new cultures/people becoming more
adventurous/more gap years; Countries opening up their
borders such as China and Russia; Development of
infrastructure or examples.
• work in hotel (or example of job); • taxi driver; • tour guide; •
worker in Tourist Information Centre; • worker in souvenir shop;
To create jobs or example/so people earn money; Money spent
in local businesses/more demand for local goods/products or
e.g.; Attract foreign exchange/make money/increase GDP;
Taxes/money can be used for development/develop economy;
Multiplier effect; Attract foreign investment/TNCs or example;
Improve international relations; Cultural exchange; Improve
health care/education; Roads/transport improved/built;
Airports are improved/built; Infrastructure/electricity
supply/water supply/sewage disposal improved; It has scenic
beauty/physical attributes/wildlife or example;
Noise Litter Seasonality Exploitation Inflation Loss of
farmland/living space Traffic congestion Shortage of water Air
pollution causes Breathing difficulties Damage to fishing
grounds/water pollution reduces catches for fishermen Culture
conflict Damage to habitats so people have less food
Employment/or example/paid work; Increase in business for
e.g. hotels/souvenir shops/taxi drivers etc.; Can afford e.g.
schooling/healthcare; Increased GDP/foreign currency
inflows/money into country; Multiplier effect; Improved
skills/education/build schools; Better healthcare provision/build
hospitals; Increased market for local farm products/fish;
Example of infrastructural development e.g. Electricity, sewage
disposal, water supply; Transport improvements (or example
e.g. airport, roads); Cultural exchange
Suggest how tourism may have
negative impacts on local people
and the natural environment.
Suggest reasons why local people
may not agree with the
building of the new hotel.
Suggest ways in which
tourism may damage the
natural environment
Suggest how cruise ships
may cause problems for people
Explain how the growth
of international tourism
encourages the
development of the
economy and
infrastructure in a
country.
For a named area you
have studied, describe
the benefits and
problems of tourism for
local people.
For a named area you
have studied where
tourism is important,
explain how it has both
Traffic congestion; Atmospheric pollution/traffic fumes;
Pollution of water/sea; Noise; Low paid jobs/exploitation; Work
is seasonal; Offence caused by behaviour/appearance of tourists
Inflation/cannot afford prices in shops; Loss of farmland;
Clearance of housing (due to facilities being built); Loss of
fishing grounds; Loss of privacy; Pressure on water supplies;
Deforestation/loss or damage to plants; Loss of habitat; Coral
damaged; Visual pollution/spoils the scenery; Litter; Loss of
culture; Money spent on tourism rather than needs of locals;
Locals can’t access areas they could before;
Loss of privacy; Noise; Visual impact/spoils the view/blocks the
view; Litter; Increase in traffic; Inflation/increased prices in
shops/on ferry; Loss of (farm)land/living space; Pressure on
water supplies/electricity; Offensive behaviour of
tourists/alcohol/revealing clothing/culture not respected;
Specific impact on natural environment or example, e.g. water
pollution/deforestation/loss of habitat; 1 MAX Less fish to catch;
Increased business for tourist providers/shops/restaurants, etc.;
Hotel will build own shops so locals do not gain; Land used
for/money spent on, e.g. schools/hospitals; Competition for
local hotels; May lead to further development on that part of
the island;
Loss of natural vegetation/plants die/deforestation; Loss of
habitats; Death/injury to/extinction of wildlife; Noise disturbs
wildlife; Air pollution; Lowering of water table; Visual
pollution/views spoilt; Water pollution etc.
• seasonal employment; • traffic congestion; • noise; •
litter/large amount of waste produced; • loss of culture; • loss
of farmland; • disruption to fishing; • streets get
crowded/overcrowded/congested; • increased prices of
products/locals pay more for products; • people disturb farm
animals/walk across farmland/leave gates open;
• attracts foreign exchange; • provides employment/people can
earn money; such as (dev); • money spent in local businesses;
e.g. souvenir shops (dev); • money earned by hotels; • creates
multiplier effect; • building of roads/railways; • improved access
within the country; • improvement of airports; • enables better
links with other countries; • attracting further investment; •
improvement of utilities; • water/electricity/gas supplies
extended; • tax to government; • more goods and services are
produced; therefore increasing GDP (dev);
Employment, Multiplier effect, Improvement of infrastructure,
Increased market for local products, Seasonal work, Low pay,
Loss of farmland, Impact on culture/culture clashes etc
Employment Infrastructural development/water/electricity
supplies improved Road/airport development Increased
business opportunities Cultural exchange Noise Seasonal
employment Loss of farmland Air pollution causes
asthma/breathing difficulties Tourists given priority for water
 positive and negative
impacts on local people.
Tourism management
Explain how tourism can
be managed so that the
natural environment is
not destroyed.
Explain how the creation
of game reserves and
national parks in Kenya
is likely to help
tourism to be
sustainable.
Explain how national parks
manage tourism.
For a named country or area you
have studied, describe the
different methods which are
used to manage tourism.
For a named area you have
studied, explain how the tourist
industry is being developed
without destroying the natural
environment.
For an economic activity in a
named area you have studied,
describe how the environmental
supplies Increase in prices/inflation Culture clashes etc.
Creation of National Parks; Limit numbers of tourists; Charge
entrance fees; Which can be spent on conservation; Fence/limit
access to sensitive areas/areas where there is lots of wildlife;
Ban hunting; Only allow people access to an area with a guide;
Educate people about caring for the environment; Develop
ecotourism; Promote recycling/litter bins; Erect
signs/notices/provide information about«; Build
pathways/boardwalks; Use renewable energy or example (e.g.
electric vehicles, solar power in hotels, encourage cycling) etc.
Ensures preservation of land or wildlife/protects natural
environment/ecofriendly/protects from poaching; Protects
habitats; Game reserves and National Parks will still be there for
future generations; Creates employment or income for local
people; Such as people to look after reserves; So indigenous
groups do not have to migrate to cities; Money earned can be
invested in more tourist facilities; Cultures/traditions are
retained; So tribal groups still exist in the future etc.
Prevent development/building; Protect wildlife;
Banning/limiting hunting/permits for hunting/fishing; Numbers
of visitors can be restricted/control the flow of tourists; Access
to sensitive areas can be prevented/areas can be fenced;
Rangers can be employed to monitor/guide visitors/only enter
with guide/security guards ; Create paths/prevent people from
leaving paths; Vehicles can be restricted from certain
areas/vehicles prohibited; Deforestation/loss of vegetation can
be controlled/replanted; Use of litter bins/litter collection/rules
against dropping litter/fines for litter; Visitor Centres/Education
about environment provided by centres/posters/notice boards
about feeding animals/dropping litter or other e.g.; Charge
entry fee; Money raised for entry can be spent on
conservation/improvement of park etc.
Creation of National Parks; Limit numbers of tourists; Charge
entrance fees; conservation; Fence sensitive areas; Ban hunting;
Only allow people access to an area with a guide; Educate
people about caring for the environment; Develop ecotourism,
etc.
Creation of National Parks; Limit numbers of tourists; Charge
entrance fees; conservation; Fence sensitive areas; Ban hunting;
Only allow people access to an area with a guide; Educate
people about caring for the environment; Develop ecotourism
etc.
Management will depend on economic activity chosen. E.g.
tourism Restrict numbers of tourists Ecotourism Creation of
risks are being managed. National Parks Banning of vehicles close to attractions Use of
guides Education about impacts of tourism on environment
Litter bins Restrict access to sensitive areas etc. Culture conflict
etc.