Abstract

Mining is a crucial activity that involves the extraction of minerals from the earth's crust. There
are various types of mining methods that are employed, including surface mining, strip mining,
open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, placer mining, and subsurface mining. Surface mining
involves the removal of minerals that are close to the earth's surface, while strip mining involves the
removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore. Open-pit mining involves the creation of a large pit
or hole in the ground. Mountain top removal, on the other hand, involves removing the entire top of
a mountain with explosives. Placer mining involves looking for metals and stones in river sediments.
Subsurface mining, the last type, involves mining for resources located 100 meters below the earth's
surface. Each of these types of mining has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suited to
specific types of minerals and geologic conditions.
Hypothesis
The mining type used significantly impacts the environmental, social, and economic
consequences of mineral extraction. Surface mining, strip mining, and open pit mining are more
destructive and disruptive to the environment, while mountaintop removal has the most severe
environmental impact. Placer mining may have a less environmental impact, but it can result in the
displacement of local communities. Subsurface mining can have fewer immediate environmental
impacts but may have long-term consequences such as subsidence and ground stability issues. The
choice of mining method should consider the efficiency of mineral extraction and the impact on the
environment and local communities.

Background
Research
 Mining is the process of extracting minerals and other valuable resources from the Earth's
surface or below it. There are several types of mining methods that are used depending on the
location, size, and type of the deposit, as well as environmental and economic factors. Surface
mining is the most common mining method, which involves removing minerals that are close to the
Earth's surface. This type of mining is used for deposits that are less than 200 feet below the surface.
Surface mining includes several techniques such as strip mining, open-pit mining, and mountaintop
removal. Strip mining is a method used to extract minerals that are located in horizontal seams close
to the surface. This method involves removing strips of soil and rock to expose the ore. This
technique is used to mine coal, phosphate, and other minerals. Open-pit mining involves creating a
large pit or hole in the ground to extract minerals. This method is used for deposits that are too large
or too deep to be extracted by other methods. Open-pit mining is used for minerals such as copper,
gold, iron, and diamonds. Mountaintop removal is a type of open-pit mining that involves removing
the entire top of a mountain to extract coal. This method is highly controversial because it destroys
the natural landscape and can have severe environmental consequences. Placer mining is the process
of looking for metals and stones in river sediments. This method involves sifting through the
sediment with a pan or other equipment to find minerals such as gold, diamonds, and platinum.
Subsurface mining is a method used to extract minerals that are 100 meters below the Earth's
surface. This type of mining involves drilling and blasting to access the mineral deposit. Subsurface
mining is used for minerals such as copper, silver, lead, and zinc. In conclusion, mining is a complex
process that requires careful consideration of the location, size, and type of deposit, as well as
environmental and economic factors. The different types of mining methods have their advantages
and disadvantages, and it is important to choose the method that is most appropriate for each
situation.

Exploring Mining Techniques: Developing a

Classification Model for Different Types of
Mining Methods

Materials
Styrofoam Cutter
Acrylic paint Pencil
Sticks Grass
Clay Glue stick
 Marker Scissor
Ruler

Procedure
1. Research and gather reference materials: Start by researching different types of mining and gather reference
materials such as photos, diagrams, and videos that showcase the different mining techniques.
2. Prepare all the necessary materials.
3. Cut the styrofoam material into pieces and arrange them in such a way that they form a box-shaped structure
by overlapping each other using a wooden stick.
4. Create a rough design and depict the various mining techniques on the styrofoam to facilitate its carving
process.
5. Use the cutter to carve the shapes of different mining techniques onto the styrofoam that has been prepared
for this purpose.
6. Put the clay onto the mountain-shaped carving in order to give it a more lifelike appearance.
7. Begin using acrylic paint to add color to the various forms of mining.
8. After the acrylic paint has dried, assign labels to the mining methods.
9. To conclude your work and share your findings with others, prepare a presentation board as the final step of
the procedure. This will allow you to effectively communicate your results and draw conclusions based on
your output.

Results
Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the different types of mining is crucial for
comprehending the varied environmental, social, and economic impacts that each of them has
on the world. Mining is a process of extracting valuable minerals and other geological
materials from the earth's surface, and there exist various forms of mining. These include
surface mining, underground mining, placer mining, mountaintop removal mining, and block
caving. In addition, by understanding the different types of mining, we can better appreciate
the environmental, social, and economic consequences of each method. This knowledge can
help us make more informed decisions about how we extract resources from the earth and
strive for sustainable mining practices.
Conclusion
In conclusion, building mining models can be an engaging and exciting way to learn
about the various mining methods used to extract valuable resources from the earth's surface.
Whether you're interested in the historical or modern practices of mining, constructing different
types of mining models can provide a hands-on and immersive learning experience. Utilizing
materials such as styrofoam and clay can be an affordable and practical way to construct these
models. By creating models, we can explore the different techniques used in mining such as
open-pit mining, underground mining, and placer mining. Through these models, we can also
gain insight into the unique challenges and risks associated with each mining method, and learn
about the tools and equipment used in the mining process. Overall, constructing mining models
is an excellent way to gain knowledge and understanding of the mining industry. Not only is it
 an educational activity, but it can also be an entertaining way to learn about the various
methods used in mining.

Future Directions
One potential future direction for building mining models is to incorporate new technologies
and materials into the construction process. For example, 3D printing technology could be used to
create more detailed and intricate models of mining equipment and processes. Augmented reality
(AR) and virtual reality (VR) could also be used to create immersive learning experiences, allowing
students to explore virtual mining sites and interact with virtual mining equipment. Another potential
direction is to focus on sustainable mining practices and incorporate environmental considerations
into the construction of mining models. This could involve using eco-friendly materials and
designing models that demonstrate sustainable mining techniques such as reclamation and land
restoration. By highlighting the importance of responsible mining practices, these models could help
inspire the next generation of miners to prioritize sustainability and environmental protection.
Finally, building mining models could also be used as a way to promote diversity and inclusivity
within the mining industry. For example, models could be designed to showcase the contributions of
women and underrepresented groups in mining history, or to highlight the potential for diversity and
innovation in modern mining practices. By making mining more accessible and inclusive, these
models could help inspire a new generation of diverse and passionate miners.