- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a) fermentation: 6
glucose / sucrose / starch / other
named carbohydrate can score
in equation as correct formula
(1)
M2 zymase / yeast / 37 °C
M3 C6H12O6
→ 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
hydration:
ethene and steam or water can
score in equation as correct
formulae (1)
H3PO4 (catalyst) / 300 °C / 60 atm
(1)
C2H4 + H2O
→ C2H5OH (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(b) any two from: 2

• carbohydrates are
renewable
• fossil fuels are
non-renewable
• lower temperature means fossil
fuels conserved ORA
• lower temperature means
lower energy costs ORA
• hydration reaches an
equilibrium meaning lower yield
ORA

1(c) solvent (1) 2

fuel (1)

2(a) adds up to 100% 1

2(b) M1 55.85/12 and 6.97(/1) and 1

37.2/16;
or evaluation 4.650 6.970
2.325;

M2 C2H3O; 1
correct answer with no working
= [2]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2(c) M1 (86/)43; 1

M2 C4H6O2; 1
correct answer with no working
= [2]

2(d)(i) unsaturated / C=C double bond 1

/ alkene

2(d)(ii) (organic / carboxylic) acid / 1

+
contains or releases H ions

2(d)(iii) CH3CH=CHCOOH / 1
CH2=CHCH2COOH /
CH2=CH(CH3)COOH
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3(a) any 2 from: 2

• same or similar chemical
properties or reactions (1)
• (same) general formula (1)
• (consecutive members) differ
by CH2 (1)
• same functional group (1)
• common (allow similar)
methods of preparation (1)
• physical properties vary in
predictable manner / show
trends / gradually change
OR
example of a physical property
variation i.e. melting
point / boiling point / volatility
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3(b) 4

M1
M2 propan-1-ol

M3
M4 propan-2-ol

3(c) structural isomers / structural 1

isomerism

4(a) compounds containing carbon 1

and hydrogen only

4(b) alkanes: CnH2 n+2 (1) 2

alkenes: CnH2n (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(c) any two from: 2

• same or similar chemical
properties
• (consecutive members) differ
by CH2
• same functional group
• common (allow similar)
methods of preparation
• physical properties vary in
predictable manner / show
trends / gradually change OR
example of a physical property
variation
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(d) 1

4(e) structural isomers 1

5(a) any two from: 2

• 37 °C
• anaerobic
• glucose is aqueous
• yeast
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(b) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 2

M1 CO2 as a product
M2 rest of equation

5(c) yeast is killed by the ethanol 1

5(d) slow rate of reaction 1

5(e) uses renewable resources / 1

does not use a finite resource

6(a) X in top compartment 1 allow: X in top pipe

F outside or in bottom right 1

pipe

M outside or in bottom left 1

pipe

6(b) C2H4 1

H2 1

6(c) high temperature 1 allow: heat / stated

temperatures between
200–1000 °C
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

catalyst 1 ignore: names of

incorrect catalysts

7(a)(i) OH alcohol group circled 1

7(a)(ii) C4H6O5 1

7(b) it has a C=C double bond 1

7(c)(i) large molecules / long chain 2

molecules / macromolecules (1)
built up from (many) small units
/ made from monomers (1)

7(c)(ii) poly(ethene) 1

8(a) Haber (process) 1

8(b) fractional distillation 1

8(c) electrolysis 1

8(d) filtration 1

8(e) hydrolysis 1

8(f) chromatography 1

9(a) hydrogen / carbon 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9(b) silicon 1

9(c) aluminium 1

9(d) iron 1

9(e) aluminium 1

9(f) oxygen 1

10 (broken down by) hydrolysis 6

(1)
acid (used to break down) (1)
enzymes (used to break down)
(1)
chromatography (used to
separate) (1)
locating agent / (view under) UV
light (used to detect) (1)
measure Rf (values) or retention
factor / compare with standards
(used to identify) (1)

11(a) CnH2n 1

11(b) C5H10 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(c) E (1) 2
it has the longest carbon chain
(1)

11(d) A (1) 2
it has the lowest M r (1)

12(a) C4H8 only 2 Allow C1H2

CH2

12(b) Any unambiguous structural 1

formula of methyl cyclopropane
or but-1-ene or but-2-ene or
methyl propene

12(c) M1 same molecular formula 1

M2 different structural formulae 1

or different structures
or different arrangement of
atoms
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(d) If ‘No’: 1
one an alkane, the other an
alkene
or
one is saturated / has single
bonds, the other is unsaturated ignore: references to
/ has a double bond the functional group

If ‘yes’ ignore: references to

both alkanes or both saturated the functional group

13(a) CH3O 1

13(b) no (C=C) double bonds 1

13(c) at least two alternating 3

rectangles with attempted linking
(1)
one displayed ester link (all
atoms and all bonds) (1)
fully correct structure with at
least one repeat unit including
continuation bonds from correct
atom or rectangle (1)

13(d) polyester 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(a) CAB 2
ABC = 1 ACB = 1 BCA = 1 CBA
= 1 BAC = 0
Allow 70 for C, 40 for B and 20
for A

14(b) M1 Energy mark: at higher 1

temperature particles/molecules
more or have more energy or
move faster

M2 Collision frequency mark: 1

collide more frequently/often or
more collisions per unit time or
higher rate of collisions.
Ignore: ‘more collisions’

M3 Collision energy mark: more 1

molecules have enough energy
to react or more collisions are
above activation energy or
successful

14(c) C rate zero or enzymes 1

denatured
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(a) (on left) sugar / glucose / any 2 AO1

other suitable sugar (1)
(on right) carbon dioxide (1)

15(b) 1
C - enzymes

15(c) increases up to a maximum / 2 AO2

increases up to a given figure
o
between 35-40 C / rises to a
peak (1)
then decreases (1)

15(d) C2H4 1 AO1

16(a) octane 1

16(b) (aqueous) potassium 1

manganate (VII)

16(c) hydrochloric acid 1

16(d) water 1

16(e) ethanol 1

17(a)(i) circle round COOH group 1

17(a)(ii) C5H8O2 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(a)(iii) aqueous bromine / bromine 3

water / bromine (1)
unsaturated: decolourises / goes
colourless / loses its colour (1)
saturated: remains red-brown /
remains brown / remains orange
/ no change (in colour) (1)

18(a) potassium manganate(VII) 1

18(b) methane 1

18(c) potassium iodide / iodide 1

18(d) calcium oxide 1

18(e) ethene 1

19(a) carbon monoxide 1

19(b) propene 1

19(c) carbon dioxide 1

19(d) chlorine 1

19(e) sulfur dioxide 1

 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

20 C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH 5

(1)
any three from:
• anaerobic
• 30 °C
• yeast
• glucose aqueous
fractional distillation (of aqueous
ethanol) (1)

21(a) 2

two –O– link between three

‘blocks’ (1)
three complete units with
continuation bonds (1)

21(b) acid (and heat) (1) 2

enzymes (ignore names) (1)

21(c) chromatography 1

22(a) 3 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

22(b) 2

(1)
but-2-ene (1)

22(c) CH2 (1) 2

CH2 (1)

23(a) M1 contain hydrogen and 2

carbon
M2 only

23(b) M1 (Reagent): Bromine 3

(water / solution)
M2 (Result with hydrocarbon A):
becomes
colourless / decolourised
M3 (Result with hydrocarbon B):
no change / stays orange

24(a) ethyl methanoate 1

24(b) M1 methanoic acid 2

M2 ethanol
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(c) 2

M1 correct displayed ester

linkage
M2 whole molecule fully correct

25(a) 2

structure of
propan-1-ol (1)

structure of
propan-2-ol (1)

25(b) steam (1) 3

catalyst (1)
one other condition: either
60 atm pressure OR 300 °C
(1)

26(a) E 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

26(b) D 1

26(c) B 1

26(d) C 1

26(e) A 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27 (step 1) crack/cracking (of 5

octane) (1)
(step 1) equation with only C8H18
on left hand side and C2H4 +
other correct product(s) on right
hand side
e.g. C8H18 → C2H4 + C6H14
(1)
(step 2) hydration/addition (1)
(step 2) one correct condition for
either process required
(cracking):
450(°)C to 800(°)C / zeolites /
aluminosilicates / silica / SiO2
/ aluminium oxide / Al2O3
/ alumina / china / broken
pot / chromium oxide / Cr2O3 / up
to 70 atmospheres
(hydration): phosphoric
acid / H3PO4 / 300(°)C / 60
atmospheres (1)
C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH or
CH3CH2OH (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

28 any 5 from: 5
from ethene:
• steam
• high temperature
• catalyst
by fermentation:
• yeast / zymase /
enzymes
• absence of oxygen /
anaerobic
• water / aqueous
(suspension)
• suitable temperature
quoted (10–40 °C)

29(a) increases with an increasing 1

number of carbon atoms ORA

29(b) any value between –88 and 0 1

(°C) (exclusive of these
values)

29(c) there is no (clear) trend / the 1

numbers go down and up
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29(d) liquid (1) 2

30°C is between melting and
boiling point / 30°C is above the
melting point and below the
boiling point (1)

30(a) add bromine water/bromine 1 ALLOW: potassium

manganate(VII) (acidic
or alkaline)

turns colourless 1 ALLOW: correct colour

colourless/green or
brown ppt

remains brown/orange/reddish 1 ALLOW: stays

brown/yellow pink/purple

30(b) ester 1 1

alkyl group is CnH2n+1 which is 1 COND on MP1

NOT C17H33
or C17H35 is CnH2n+1 or less
hydrogen

31(a) circle around one or both 1

alcoholic O−H groups

31(b) C4H6O6 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31(c) 150 (2) 2

If two marks not scored, 1 mark
for 4 × 12 = 48 / 6 × 16 = 96

32(a) water 1

32(b) acid (catalyst) 1

32(c) any one alcohol group on a 2

molecule (1)
structure of propan-2-ol (1)

33(a) −O−R−CO− 1

33(b) condensation 1

33(c) HO−R (1) 2 shown in

HO−R−COOH with all
R−COOH (1)
bonds shown
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

34 H O 4
I //
H—C—C
I \
H O—H
diagram (1)
ethanoic acid (1)
O H
II I
H—C—O—C—H
I
H
diagram (1)
methyl methanoate (1)

35(a) one amide linkage circled 1

35(b) correct structure of a 2

dicarboxylic acid
correct structure of a diamine

35(c) water 1

36 M1 sugar(s) 4
M2 fermentation
M3 ethene
M4 hydration
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

37 1 mark each for any two of: 4 max [4]

- glucose / sugar
- in aqueous solution / in water
- yeast / enzymes / zymase
1 mark each for any two of:
- no oxygen / no air / anaerobic
- pH neutral
- room temperature / stated
temperature between 5°C and
40°C (inclusive)
1 mark for:
- (fractional) distillation

38(a) any correct amide link between 3

any two blocks showing all
atoms and all bonds (1)
correct orientation of 3
inter-block amide links (1)
continuation bonds (1)

38(b) nylon 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

39 glucose / sugar (1) 4

yeast (1)
AND
1 mark each for any two of:
∞ oxygen absent / anaerobic
∞ room temperature / stated
temperature between 5°C and
40°C (inclusive)
∞ pH near neutral
∞ presence of water / aqueous
solution
∞ purify by distillation

40(a) (compounds / molecules with) 2

the same molecular formula
(1)
different structural formulae
(1)

40(b) 2

(1)

(1)

[Total: 215]