4 Energetics

AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a q  mcΔT OR calculation 175  4.18  8.00 1
 5852 J OR 5.85 kJ 1 Mark 2 can also score mark 1
0.005 mol, therefore ΔH  –1170 kJ mol–1 1

1b The enthalpy change (or heat change at constant 1 OR all reactants and products in
pressure) when 1 mol of a compound is burnt normal states under standard
1
completely in oxygen with all reactants and conditions OR 100 kPa and a
products / all substances in standard states 1 specified T, e.g., 298 K for the
third mark)
1c ΔH  ΣΔHf (products) – ΣΔHf (reactants) 1 OR a correct cycle of balanced
equations
 4(–394)  5(–286) – (–327) 1
Award 1 mark ONLY for  2679
 –2679 kJ mol–1 (OR –2680 kJ mol–1) 1
OR  2680
1d Any two of the following points 2
 heat loss or heat absorbed by the apparatus
 incomplete combustion
 the idea that the water may end up in the̴
gaseous state (rather than liquid)
2ai Because (one of the following): 1 Reference to ‘incomplete
combustion to form CO’ does
CO is not the only product OR
not answer the question
(Some) complete combustion (also)occurs OR
CO2 is also formed
Further oxidation occurs
2 a ii The enthalpy change at constant pressure in a 1
reaction is independent of the route / path taken
(and depends only on the initial and final states)
2 a iii The enthalpy change when 1 mol of a compound / 1 Credit correct reference to
substance / element molecule(s) or atom(s)
is burnt completely / undergoes complete 1 Ignore reference to 1
combustion in (excess) oxygen atmosphere
with all reactants and products / all substances in 1
standard states
OR all reactants and products / all substances in
normal / specified state under standard conditions /
100 kPa / 1 bar and specified T / 298 K
2b ∆Hr  ∑∆Hf (products) – ∑∆Hf (reactants) 1 Correct answer ̴gains full marks
OR correct cycle of balanced equations with 2Fe, 1 Credit 1 mark ONLY for –1
3C, and 3O2 (kJ mol-1)
1
∆Hr  2(14)  3(–394) – (–822) – 3(–111) Credit 1 mark ONLY for –27
(kJ mol-1) i.e., assuming
 28 –1182  822  333
value for Fe(l)  0
 () 1 kJ mol–1

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 4 Energetics
AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
For other incorrect or incomplete
answers, proceed as follows:
 Check for an arithmetic error
(AE), which is either a
transposition error or an
incorrect multiplication; this
would score 2 marks (M1
and M2)
 If no AE, check for a correct
method; this requires either
a correct cycle with 2Fe, 3C,
and 3O2 OR a clear
statement of M1 which could
be in words and scores only
M1
2ci C(s)  O2(g) → CO2(g) 1 State symbols essential
Possible to include C(s graphite)
2 c ii These two enthalpy changes are for the same 1 ‘Both form CO2’ is not sufficient
reaction same equation / same reactants and since other products might occur
products e.g., CO
3a The enthalpy change at a constant pressure when 1
1 mol of a compound / substance / product
is formed from its (constituent) elements 1
with all reactants and products / all substances in 1 Ignore reference to 1
standard states atmosphere
OR All reactants and products / all substances in
normal states under standard conditions / 100 kPa /
1 bar and specified T / 298 K
3b By definition 1
OR
Because they are elements
3c ΔHf  ΣΔHf (products) – ΣΔHf(reactants) 1 Correct answer ̴gains full marks.
 –1669 – 3(–558) 1 Assume the value is positive
unless specifically stated as
 5 kJ mol–1 1
negative.
Credit 1 mark if –5 (kJ mol-1).
For other incorrect or incomplete
answers, proceed as follows:
 Check for an arithmetic error
(AE), which is either a
transposition error or an
incorrect multiplication; this
would score 2 marks (M1
and M2)
 If no AE, check for a correct
method; this requires either

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 4 Energetics
AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
a correct cycle with 3BaO
OR a clear statement of M1
which could be in words and
scores only M1
4ai ΔHr  ΣΔHf (products) – ΣΔHf (reactants) 1 Correct answer ̴gains full marks
OR a correct cycle of balanced equations with 1 Credit 1 mark ONLY for  49 (kJ
mol–1)
1C, 3H2, and 1O2 1
For other incorrect or incomplete
ΔHr  –201  (–242) – (–394) answers, proceed as follows
ΔHr  –201 – 242  394  Check for an arithmetic error
ΔHr  –443  394 (AE), which is either a
transposition error or an
 –49 kJ mol–1 incorrect multiplication; this
would score 2 marks (M1
and M2)
 If no AE, check for a correct
method; this requires either
correct cycle of balanced
equations with 1C, 3H2, and
1O2
OR a clear statement of M1
which could be in words and
scores only M1
4 a ii It is an element / elemental 1 Ignore reference to ‘standard
state’
OR
By definition
4b q  mc∆T OR q  140  4.18  7.5 1 Award full marks for correct
answer
 4389 J OR 4.389 kJ 1
Ignore the case for each letter
Using 0.0110 mol 1
Penalise M3 ONLY if correct
therefore ΔH  –399 (kJ mol-1) numerical answer but sign is
OR –400 incorrect; 399 gains 2 marks
Penalise M2 for arithmetic error
and mark on
In M1, do not penalise incorrect
cases in the formula
If ΔT  280.5; score q  mcΔT
only
If c  4.81 (leads to 5050.5)
penalise M2 ONLY
and mark on for M3  –459
Ignore incorrect units

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 4 Energetics
AQA Chemistry Exam-style mark scheme

Question
Answer Marks Guidance
number
5a C3H6O  4O2 → 3CO2  3H2O 1 Accept multiples of these
numbers as long as equation
remains balanced
5bi 1
1 Allow M2 if following on correctly
from wrong Mr in M1.
 0.0250
5 b ii heat released  mcΔT 1
 100  4.18  58.1 1 Allow 24 200 to 24 300
 24 300 J MUST include units
ACCEPT 24.3 kJ
5 b iii 1 Allow –968 to –973
 –972 kJ mol–1
Allow 972
Allow no units, but penalise
wrong units
5ci Heat loss / energy loss 1 NOT complete combustion
5 c ii More negative or more exothermic 1
Heat is released when water vapour condenses 1
OR heat is required to vaporise water
OR water molecules have more energy in the
gaseous state
6a Enthalpy to break a bond 1
Averaged over different molecules 1
Enthalpy (or heat energy) change when one mole 1
of a compound
is formed from its elements in their standard states 1
6b enthalpy change  Σ(bonds broken) – Σ(bonds 1 Allow a correct cycle
formed)
 789 scores 1 only
 4  388 163  2  146  4  1
463 – (944  8  463)
 –789 1

6ci Zero 1
6 c ii AH  Σ (enthalpies of formation of products)
–Σ (enthalpies of formation of reactants) 1  777 scores 1 only
 4  –242 – (75  2  –133) 1
 –777 1

6d Mean bond enthalpies are not exact 1 Or indication that actual values
are different from real values

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