NSTP 2 Anger Management isn’t about bottling up your
feelings. It’s about problem-solving, getting to the
UNIT 1: Mental Health Matters
What is mental health?
- It includes emotional, psychological, and
social well-being
4 BASIC DIMENSIONS OF MENTAL
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
1. Thoughts-The way you think about something
has a big impact on your mental health. Changes
in your thoughts often go along with changes in
your mental health
2. Body reactions- Body reactions are changes
in your body functions such as heart rate,
breathing, digestion, brain chemicals, hormones
and more.
3. Emotions- A big part of emotions is the way
you feel. Emotions can be pleasant, unpleasant,
or blended, such as when you have two
emotions at the same time.
4. Behaviors- are the ways you act and respond
to your environment. Some behaviors are
helpful, and some can be harmful.
Stress and Well-Being explores different kinds of
stress and how it’s connected to mental and
physical health.
Social Support is important! Our support
networks can help us cope with problems, look
at a situation from a different perspective, learn
new skills, and, of course, celebrate successes
and have fun.
Problem-Solving skills can’t make difficult
situations just go away, but they can certainly
make difficult situations easier to manage.
cause of anger, and learning skills to control
anger.
Getting a Good Night’s Sleep is not always an
easy task. About one in four Canadians
experience a sleep problem, and many of us just
simply prioritize other tasks oversleep.
Eating and Living Well are just as important to
mental health as they are to physical health!
Good self-esteem, health body image, and
balance in the way we understand food and
exercise are a big part of our overall mental
health and well-being.
Healthy Thinking is a tool to help you look at
problems or situations in a realistic and
balanced way.
Finding Balance is about allocating time for
things you must do and things you want to
do…without changing the number of hours in a
day!
Staying Mentally Healthy with Technology looks
at technology in mental health: how technology
might help and how technology might harm well-
being.
Mindfulness is a tool that can help you slow
down, look at situations in a more balanced way,
and appreciate what you are experiencing in the
moment.
Devastating Effects of Mental Illness - The long-
term effects of mental illness can have
devastating consequences on the human body
and spirit. An inability to deal with daily life
pressures can lead to issues with your job,
relationships, and your overall health.
Dr. Stephanie Baker (PhD, MSW) has over 25
years of experience in mental health therapy.
She says that 80% of your recovery must come
from your commitment and willingness to get
better.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a proven
and effective method in helping people with
anxiety and depression.
According to the American Psychological
Association, we often do not recognize the acute
effects of stress and pressure on our bodies
until we develop some physical symptoms of
mental illness.
7 Components of Mental Health
1. In-person therapy Few of us are completely
equipped with the tools needed for mental
health in daily living; we often need an
objective sounding board to bounce life
experiences off of in order to see patterns
and emotions that need further evaluation.
2. Community Treating mental illness in 2021
may look different from years past, but that
is no excuse to isolate yourself and wallow in
your own unique set of issues.
3. Physical health The body and the brain are
intimately interconnected, and the health of
one affects the health of the other.
4. Intellectual health Exercising your mind and
committing to being a lifelong learner is a
valuable part of your mental health process
as well.
5. Environmental health Your environment can
significantly impact your mental state of
mind; those who are subjected to daily
stressors and living conditions that are less
than ideal can negatively impact your
environmental health and cause mental
illness.
6. Boundaries It is impossible to fulfill all of life's
obligations and take care of yourself as well;
setting boundaries and learning to say "no"
to those things that are not essential will
allow you
7. Self-care The gifts of the last few years
include more time for many---people are
learning the fine art of selfcare as we sit
inside our homes, for we have no choice but
to take an introspective look at what we
need most.
The 4Ms of Mental Health
1. Mindfulness - doesn't have to be sitting in a
quiet room. You can practice being present
to your mind (and to the rhythm of the
activity) in any routine activity.
2. Mastery - getting better at something.
Ideally at something that 'strengthens' you
and you care about. Could be job-related
and/or out of work time.
3. Meaningful engagement - humans are
social animals. We need to connect.
Remember your community - we’re in this
together
4. Movement - yes, we have to move! Outside,
go for walks, go to the bush, the beach, the
garden, use a hammer, fix a car? Or
perhaps you exercise - cycle, run, walk,
swim? And could include a more
conceptual form of movement in time and
space.
Types of Mental Illnesses
Anxiety Disorders: excessive fear and dread
Ex. Phobias
Mood Disorders: persistent swings in mood or
feelings
Ex. Depression & Bipolar
Psychotic Disorders: disordered thinking
Ex. Schizophrenia
Eating Disorders: extreme emotional attitudes
toward foods
Ex. Bulimia & Anorexia
Impulse Disorders: unable to resist urges.
Ex. Kleptomania, Pyromania, & Gambling
Personality Disorders: extreme inflexible
personality traits.
Ex. Anti-social disorder & OCD
Post Traumatic Stress: persistent, frightening
memories leading to emotional numbness.
 NSTP 2
UNIT 2: History, Concept Of Human
Rights And Human Rights Situation In
The Country
The Cyrus Cylinder (539 B.C)
In 539 B.C., the armies of Cyrus the Great, the
first king of ancient Persia, conquered the city of
Babylon.
• These and other decrees were recorded
on a baked-clay cylinder in the Akkadian
language with cuneiform script.
• Known today as the Cyrus Cylinder, this
ancient record has now been recognized
as the world’s first charter of human
rights.
The Concept of Human Rights
- Human rights allow a person to live with
dignity and in peace, away from the abuses
can be inflicted by abusive institutions or
individuals.
- December 4 to 10 of each year is marked as
National Human Rights Consciousness Week
via Republic Act No. 9201.
- December 10 is also considered as the
United Nations Human Rights Day.
It commemorates the day the UN General
Assembly Adopted the United Declaration of
Human Rights in 1948.
What are human rights?
Human rights, according to the Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, refers to norms that
aim to protect people from political, legal, and
social abuses.
Unitted Nations (UN)
Universal and inalienable, interdependent, and
indivisible, and equal and non-discriminatory.
Universal and inalienable:
Human rights belong to all and cannot be taken
away unless specific situations call for it.
However, the deprivation of a person’s right is
subject to due process.
Interdependent and indivisible:
Whatever happens to even one right-fulfillment
or violation-can directly affect the others.
Equal and non-discriminatory:
Human rights protect all people regardless of
race, nationality, gender, religion, and political
learning, among others. They should be
respected without prejudice.
What laws or legal documents ensure the
human rights of Filipino Citizens?
• The rights of Filipinos can be found in
Article III of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution. Also called the Bill of Rights.
• It includes 22 sections which declare a
Filipino citizen’s rights and privileges that
the Constitution has to protect, no matter
what.
• Human rights in the Philippines are also
guided by the UN’s International Bill of
Human Rights – a consolidation of 3 legal
documents including the:
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)
- International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR)
- International Covenant on Economic , Social
and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Who oversees the fulfillment and protection of
human rights in the Philippines?
• Human rights are both rights and
obligations, according to the UN. The state
– or the government is obliged to “respect,
protect, and fulfill” these rights.
 • In the Philippines, the Commission on
Human Rights (CHR) primarily handles the
investigations of human rights violations.
However, it has no power to resolve issue
as stated in the Supreme Court decision in
1991.
• Commission on Human Rights (CHR) –
established in 1986 during President
Corazon Aquino.
Human rights can also be classified under
individual, collective, civil, political, economic, and
social, and cultural.
The rights of Filipinos can be found in Article III of
the 1970 Philippine Constitution.
Also called the Bill of Rights, it includes 22
sections which declare a Filipino citizen’s rights
and privileges that the Constitution has to
protect, no matter what.
CLASSES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Natural Rights – are those that are not
dependent on the laws or customs of any
particular culture or government, and so are
universal, fundamental and inalienable.
8. Freedom of Association
9. Prohibition against Expropriation of Property
without just compensation
10. Prohibition against Impairment of Contract
11. Free Access to the Court and Quasi-Judicial
Bodies
12. Right to counsel and the right to remain silent
13. The right to bail
14. Right to presumption of innocence
15. Rights of the accused in criminal prosecution
16. Right to Habeas Corpus
17. Right to speedy disposition of cases 18.
Right against self-incrimination
19. The right against excessive, cruel, or unusual
punishment
20. Right against involuntary servitude
21. Right against double Jeopardy
22. Right against the bill of attainder and ex post
facto law.
Take note: Criminals or those in
conflict with the law are still
protected by rights as indicated in
many legal documents such as the
Philippines’ Criminal Code and UN’s
Standard Minimum Rules for the
Treatment of Prisoners.

2. Constitutional Rights – it can be prerogative

or a duty, a power or a restraint of a power,
recognized and established by a sovereign state
or union state.

3. Statutory Rights or those promulgated by the

congress and may be abolished by the letter
also.

HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER ARTICLE 3, 1987

PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER ARTICLE 3, 1987
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

1. The rights to life, liberty, and property.

2. The right against unreasonable searches
and seizures
3. Right to Privacy of Communication and
Correspondence
4. Freedom of Expression and Assembly
5. Freedom of Religion
6. Liberty of Abode and Right to Travel
7. The right of the people to information on
matters of public concern
 NSTP 2 There are five aspects to sustainable human
development
UNIT 3: GOVERNANCE
• Empowerment - The expansion of men and
women's capabilities and choices increases
THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE
their ability to exercise those choices free of
hunger, want and deprivation.
In most dictionaries “government” and
• Co-operation - With a sense of belonging
“governance” are interchangeably used, both
important for personal fulfillment, well- being
denoting the exercise of authority in an
and a sense of purpose and meaning, human
organization, institution, or state. Government is
development is concerned with the ways in
the name given to the entity exercising that
which people work together and interact.
authority.

• Equity - The expansion of capabilities and

Governance: Varying Definitions
opportunities means more than income - it also
Governance is: “The traditions and institutions by
means equity, such as an educational system to
which authority in a country is exercised”
which everybody should have access.
– Kaufman et al

• Sustainability - The needs of this generation

The way “ … power is exercised through a
must be met without compromising the right of
country’s economic, political, and social
future generations to be free of poverty and
institutions.” – the World Bank’s PRSP Handbook.
deprivation and to exercise their basic
capabilities.
When applied to organizations that operate
commercially, governance is often termed
• Security - Particularly the security of livelihood.
"corporate governance"
People need to be freed from threats, such as
disease or repression and from sudden harmful
Governance According to UNDP
disruptions in their lives.
The challenge for all societies is to create a
The Art of Governing
system of governance that promotes supports
- To govern is to exercise power and
and sustains human development - especially
authority over a territory, system, or
for the poorest and most marginal. But the
organization. This applies to both
search for a clearly articulated concept of
government and governance.
governance has just begun.

The Need for Good Governance: Why

GOVERNANCE & SUSTAINABLE HUMAN
Governance Matters
DEVELOPMENT:
Good governance creates a strong future for an
United Nations Development Programme or
organization by continuously steering towards a
UNDP believes that developing the capacity of
vision and making sure that day-to-day
good governance is the primordial way to
management is always lined up with the
eliminate poverty. i
organization’s goals. At its core, governance is
about leadership.
UNDP focuses on four critical elements of
sustainable human development: eliminating
Theories of Governance
poverty, creating jobs, and sustaining
livelihoods, protecting, and regenerating the
If Max Weber and Woodrow Wilson were to
environment, and promoting the advancement
suddenly appear on the landscape of modern
of women.
public administration, normative theories in
ty.
hand, it is likely they would be unable to
recognize the field of governance.
 • Governance refers to the development
of governing styles in which boundaries
between and within public and private
sectors have become blurred.
• Governance is ultimately concerned with
creating the conditions for ordered rule
and collective action.
• Governance refers to institutions and
actors from within and beyond
government.
• Governance recognizes the capacity to
get things done which does not rest on
the power of government to command
or use its authority.
GOOD GOVERNANCE
One goal of good governance is to enable an
organization to do its work and fulfill its mission.
Good governance results in organizational
effectiveness.
Good Governance is about both
achieving desired results and achieving them in
the right way.
Governance vs Government
Government and Governance are two very
similar words. People often get confused about
the differences between “Governance” and
“Government”
Government
- Is a group of people who rule or run the
administration of a country. Government
also is the medium through which the power
of the state is employed.
- Government may be of different types. It
may be democracy or autocracy, but most
of the modern governments are democratic.
Summary
1. Governance is what a government does
2. Governance is the physical exercise of the
polity while the government is the body through
which this is done
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
Communism
-is a centralized form of government led by a
single party that is often authoritarian in its rule.
Socialism
-is a system that encourages cooperation rather
than competition among citizens. Citizens
communally own the means of production and
distribution of goods and services, while a
centralized government manages it.
Oligarchy
-Oligarchies are governments in which a
collection of individuals rules over a nation. A
specific set of qualities, such as wealth, heredity,
and race, are used to give a small group of
people power.
Aristocracy
-refers to a government form in which a small,
elite ruling class — the aristocrats — have power
over those in lower socioeconomic strata.
Aristocracy originated in ancient Greece.
Aristocracy in Greek means “rule of the best”
Monarchy
-is a power system that appoints a person as
head of state for life or until abdication. Authority
traditionally passes down through a succession
line related to one's bloodline and birth order
within the ruling royal family, often limited by
gender.
Theocracy
-refers to a form of government in which a
specific religious ideology determines the
leadership, laws, and customs. In many
instances, there is little to no distinction between
scriptural laws and legal codes.
Colonialism
-is a form of government in which a nation
extends its sovereignty over other territories. In
other words, it involves the expansion of a
nation's rule beyond its borders.
Totalitarianism
-is an authoritarian form of government in which
the ruling party recognizes no limitations
whatsoever on its power, including in its citizens'
lives or rights.
Military Dictatorship
-A military dictatorship is a nation ruled by a
single authority with absolute power and no
democratic process.
THE 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE BY UNDP
Participation
- by both men and women is a key
cornerstone of good governance All men
and women should have a voice in decision-
making, either directly or through legitimate
intermediate institutions that represent their
interests.
Rule of law
- Legal frameworks should be fair and
enforced impartially, particularly the laws
on human rights.
Transparency
- is built on the free flow of information.
Responsiveness
- Institutions and processes try to serve all
stakeholders. Good governance requires
that institutions and processes try to serve
all stakeholders within a reasonable
timeframe.
Consensus oriented
- Good governance mediates differing
interests to reach a broad consensus on
what is in the best interests of the group
and, where possible, on policies and
procedures.
Equity and inclusiveness
- All men and women have opportunities to
improve or maintain their well-being.
Government Effectiveness and efficiency
- Processes and institutions produce results
that meet needs while making the best use
of resources.
Accountability
- Decision-makers in government, the private
sector and civil society organizations are
accountable to the public, as well as to
institutional stakeholders.
Four Basic Elements of Good Governance
according to ADB
1. Accountability - is imperative to make public
officials answerable for government
behavior and responsive to the entity from
which they derive their authority.
2. Participation - derives from an acceptance
that people at the heart of development .
3. Predictability - refers to the existence of
laws, regulations, and policies to regulate
society, and their fair and consistent
application
4. Transparency - refers to the availability of
information to the general public and clarity
about government rules, regulations, and
decisions. Thus, it both complements and
reinforces predictability.
Institute On Governance
5 Principles of Good Governance
1. Legitimacy and Voice Participation – all men
and women should have a voice in decision-
making, either directly or through legitimate
intermediate institutions that represent their
intention.
2. Direction Strategic vision – leaders and the
public have a broad and long-term
perspective on good governance and
human development, along with a sense of
what is needed for such development.
3. Performance Responsiveness – institutions
and processes try to serve all stakeholders.
4. Accountability – decision-makers in
government, the private sector and civil
society organizations are accountable to the
public, as well as to institutional
stakeholders.
5. Fairness Equity – all men and women have
opportunities to improve or maintain their
well-being.