REVIEWER IN BSHM 50 (MACRO)

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Industry
DEFINITION OF TOURISM
- Sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, that does not
lead to permanent residence and are not connected in any earning activity.

- The temporary movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work,
including their activities during their stay at these destinations.

- A social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places
outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.
Main Characteristics of Tourism
1. Combination of phenomena and relationships.
2. Two essential elements: dynamic element (journey) and static element (stay).
3. The journey and stay are to and for destinations outside the place of residence or work.
4. The movement to destinations is temporary and short-term.
5. Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work, not to be employed or vocational
reasons.
DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY
- Derived from the Latin word hospitare, which means“to receive as a guest”.
- This phrase implies that a host is prepared to meet the guest’s basic requirements while he/she is
away from home. Such needs include food, beverage and lodging or shelter.
Other origin of the word include:
- Middle English Hospitalite which means the "reception of guests, provision of lodging“
- Old French word Ospitalité, which meant “hospital, hospitality,” which originated from the Latin word
Hospitalitem, which meant “friendliness to guests.”
- The word Hospes is Latin for “guest, host.”
- The group of businesses such as hotels, bars, and restaurants that provide food, drink, or a place to
sleep.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer, rather the consumer has to
travel and go to the product to purchase it.
2. The product of tourism and hospitality are not used up, thus they do not exhaust the country’s natural
resources.
3. Tourism and hospitality is a labor-intensive industry.
4. Tourism and hospitality is a people-oriented industry.
5. It is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is dependent on many varied activities which are separate
but interdependent.
6. The tourism and hospitality industry is seasonal.
7. The industry is dynamic. It is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of customers.
IMPORTANCE
1. Contribution to the balance of payments
2. Dispersion of development
3. Effect on general economic development
4. Employment opportunities
5. Social benefits (social exchange)
6. Cultural enrichment (sharing and appreciation of culture and preservation of cultural heritage)
7. Educational significance
8. A vital force for peace (it can bridge differences in culture, race, colors, religions, etc.)
COMPONENTS OF LODGING
- It involves providing overnight or even long-term services to guests.
- Lodging facilities not only provide beds but also entertainment and recreational facilities.
- Began to accommodate several customer preferences-from budget motels to luxury hotels and
expensive resorts. Examples include inns, motor hotels, lodges or motor inns are hotels and
motels that use different names.
- There are some that uses different terms like bed and breakfast, resort hotel, resort condominium
and time sharing.
LODGING
Lodge - a small house in the country, used especially by people on holiday or taking part in sports, or
one on land belonging to a large house.
Hotel - can be a ten room boarding house or a building that has a thousand or more rooms,
conventions and meeting facilities, recreational facilities such as swimming pools, and tennis courts,
twenty – four hour room service.
Motel - normally offer rooms only. and free parking to guests. They are often found along busy
highways and cater primarily to transients, cost – conscious travelers.
Bed and Breakfast - a form of lodging which originated in Europe. This form of accommodation
provides a bed for the night and breakfast the next day.
Tourist Inn - lodging establishments that cater to transients. They do not normally meet the minimum
requirements of an economy hotel.
Parador - generally old castles, convents or monasteries that have been converted into hotels by the
government and are operated by the government.
Camp Ground - camping is a popular form of overnight accommodation in both Europe and North
America. This usually caters travelers with utility vehicles. (UV)
Pension House - pensions are found principally in Europe. They are usually family-owned
accommodation facilities. In German – Speaking parts of Europe, it is called as Gasthaus.
Ryokan - a Japanese inn in which traditional customs are observed.
Hostel - a lodging facility in which inexpensive accommodations are provided to students and guests on
a non-profit basis.
FOOD AND BEVERAGE
• The public looks for food and beverage services everywhere- in hotels, motels, airlines, airports,
cruise ships, trains and shopping malls.
• There must be food service available to them for breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks.
• There are commercial restaurants that provide food and beverage services such as fast service
restaurants, ethnic restaurants and specialty restaurants.
• Aside from restaurants, taverns, bars, kiosks, vending machines, supermarkets, food stalls, food carts
and food trucks now offer food and beverage services.
TYPES OF F&B BUSINESSES
Fine Dining Restaurant - Luxury restaurants are food and beverage establishments where special
meals are served with special presentations.
Fast Service Restaurant - The main purpose of these restaurants, which emerged in the 1920s in
America, is to prepare the food as soon as possible and serve it to the customer.
Ethnic Restaurant - Restaurants that reflect a certain culture with their features such as décor, menu,
music and staff uniforms.
Themed Restaurant - Food and beverage businesses where the elements such as meals, menus,
prices, design, decor, ambiance, uniforms are designed in accordance with a specified theme.
Coffee Shop/Café - Cafes usually have comfortable seating areas. Cafes are businesses where hot
and cold drinks, snacks and foods such as sandwiches, pizzas and cakes are easily prepared.
 Bakery/Patisserie - Patisseries are businesses operating with accommodation establishments or
independent department, that produce and sell chocolate, ice cream and candies as well as various
pastries such as cake types, cakes, pies, cookies and pastries.

ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION

• Entertainment originated from the traditional duties of a host to entertain his or her guests, whether
they are neighbors or travelers from other places.
• Many centuries ago, innkeepers, tavern- keepers and their descendants have attended to their
guests’ needs for entertainment by talking to their guest.
• Nowadays, guests are offered different kinds of entertainment and recreational activities such as golf,
tennis, hiking, boating, swimming, casino gambling and concerts.

TYPRS OF ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION

- CINEMA/THEATER
- AMUSEMENT PARK
- CONCERT GROUND
- THEME PARK
- MUSEUM
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
• Travel and tourism are used together as an umbrella term to refer to those businesses that provide
primary services to travelers.
• These include not only food and beverage services, lodging services, recreation and entertainment
services but also transportation services and the services of travel agencies and tour operators.
TRANSPORTATION - The main purpose is to make it possible to go from one place to another. This
can be achieved via air, land or water transport vehicles.
TRAVEL AGENCY - a private retailer or public service that provides travel and tourism- related services
to the general public on behalf of accommodation or travel suppliers to offer different kinds of travelling
packages for each destination.
TOUR OPERATOR - wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels, airlines, and other
providers of travel services and devise packages which will appeal to retail buyers. They are volume
purchasers who are able to negotiate lower prices because of their high-volume purchases.

Chapter 2: Nature of Tourism

Tourism - a word that refers to activities involving travel and temporary stay in any choice of selected
destinations
Types of Tourism
Adventure Tourism - it involves exploration or travel to remote areas, where the traveler should expect the
unexpected
Archaeo-tourism or Archaeological Tourism - alternative form of tourism, which aims to promote passion for
historical-archaeology and the conservation of historical sites
Black Tourism or Grief Tourism - involves visiting sites associated with suffering and death
Culinary Tourism - travel to pursue unique and memorable drinking and dining with the locals at the chosen
destination
Disaster Tourism - it involves visiting areas that have been affected by floods, hurricanes, volcanoes and
more
Dental Tourism - is a subset of the sector known as medical tourism. It involves individuals seeking dental
care outside of their local healthcare systems.
Gay Tourism or LGBT Tourism- - marketed to gay people who are open about their sexual orientation and
who wish to participate to some extent in the gay life of the destination area
Geotourism- it focuses not just on sustainability but also on enhancing the areas character
Health Tourism - also known as medical tourism, it describes the practice of leaving the country to get
healthcare, or of providers, travelling to deliver healthcare
Elements of Travel
- Distance
- Length of Stay at the Destination
- Residence of the Traveler
- Purpose of Travel
The Tourist Product - is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he or
she uses during his or her stay.
Characteristics of a Tourist Product
- Intangible
- largely psychological in its attraction
- vary in standard and quality over time
- has fixed productsupply
The Tourist Destination - is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stay
The success of a tourist destination is based on the following factors:
- Attraction
 - Amenities and Facilities
- Accessibility
Tourist Attractions
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The Great Pyramids of Egypt- The Giza pyramid complex (also called the Giza necropolis) in Egypt is
home to the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with their
associated pyramid complexes and the Great Sphinx.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon- The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as the Hanging Gardens
of Semiramis) are considered one of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World. They were said to have
been built by Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 B.C.E.
The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus-The Mausoleum was built as a tomb for Mausalos, the ruler of a
city called Caria in southwest Turkey from 377– 355 BCE. He built the Mausoleum to ensure his lasting
fame. He employed only the finest sculptors and built it out of white marble.
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece- The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about
12.4 m tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and
erected in the Temple of Zeus there.
The Colossus of Rhodes- The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in
the city of Rhodes. It was constructed to celebrate the successful defense of Rhodes aCity against an
attack by Demetrius I of Macedon, who had besieged it for a year with a large army and navy.
The Great Lighthouse (Pharos), Alexandria, Egypt- The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the
Pharos of Alexandria, was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, during the reign of
Ptolemy II Philadelphus. It has been estimated to have been at least 100 metres in overall height.
The Temple of Artemis (Temple of Diana)- The Temple of Artemis or Artemision, also known as the Temple
of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis. It was located in
Ephesus. By 401 AD it had been ruined or destroyed.
Different Perspectives of Tourism
1. The Tourist- The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experiences and satisfactions. The nature of
these will largely determine the destination chosen and the activities enjoyed.
2. The businesses providing tourist goods and services- Business people see tourism as an opportunity to
make profit by supplying the goods and services that the tourist market demands.
3. The Government of the Host Community or Area- Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the
economy of their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the income their citizens can earn from this
business. The government can play an important role in tourism policy, development, promotion, and
implementation.
4. The Host Community- Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment factor. Important
to this group, for example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of international visitors and
residents. This effect may be beneficial or harmful, or both.
The Host Community (cont’d.)
a. International Tourism
Inbound Tourism – visits to a country by nonresidents
Outbound Tourism – visits by residents of a country to another country
b. Internal Tourism – visits by residents and non-residents of the country of reference
c. Domestic Tourism – visits by residents of a country to their own country
d. National Tourism – internal tourism plus outbound tourism
Tourism Chain
Travel Agents- Typically a generalist “shop” or chain of retail outlets that offers a broad range of domestic
and international travel services to consumers who can drop in for face to face discussion with a sales
person in their own towns or neighborhoods.
The Outbound Operator- Typically operators who specialize in a particular geographic region such as
Amazon or South America, or on specific activity such as birdwatching or mountain climbing.
The Inbound Operator- Located in the destination country, they provide complete packages of services
from arrival in the country to departure.
Local Service Providers- Outside the big cities, near the natural attractions, these may be local lodge and
hotel owners, local transport providers, community-based ecotourism enterprises and local owners.