Topic 3

Management Planning
and Control
Prepared by: RONALD P. BERCERO
Introduction
Management is a universal phenomenon. It
is a very popular and widely used term. All
organizations - business, political, cultural
or social are involved in management
because itis the management which helps
and directs the various efforts towards a
definite purpose.
According to Harold Koontz
"Management is an art of getting things done
through and with the people in formally
organized groups. It is an art of creating an
environment in which people can perform
and individuals and can co-operate towards
attainment of group goals"
Management Planning
Planning is the most basic of all what is management
planning functions. There is no choice between planning
and so planning. The Choice is only with regards to the
method and techniques used to plan.

Most of us are planning many things in our day-to-day

lives. Frequently, we plan to do official work, improve our
careers, plan our investment, built own houses, do business
and so on.
Management Planning

Planning is the process of selecting objectives and

determining the course of action required so achieve
these objectives. Lot of information has to be gathered
and processed before planning is formulated.

Planning bridges the gap from where we are and where

we want to go. It makes the things possible to occur
which would not otherwise happen
Management Planning
The following observations suggest about principles
of planning.
Planning is outlining a future course of action in
order to achieve an objective.
Planning is looking ahead.
Planning is getting ready to do something
tomorrow
Plan is a trap laid down to capture the future.
Some definitions of principles of planning

According to Knootz and O’Donnell, “Planning is

deciding in advance what to do. It is the
selection among alternatives of future course of
action for enterprise as a whole and each
department within it. Plans involve selecting
enterprise objectives and determining ways of
achieving them”.
Some definitions of principles of planning

According to Terry, “Planning is the selecting

and relating facts, and making and using of
assumptions regarding the future in the
visualization and formulation of proposed
activities to be lived necessary to achieve
desired results”.
Some definitions of principles of planning

According to Terry, “Planning is the selecting

and relating facts, and making and using of
assumptions regarding the future in the
visualization and formulation of proposed
activities to be lived necessary to achieve
desired results”.
Classical Principles of Management

Emerged from the Industrial Revolution and

revolves around maximizing efficiency and
production.

Classical management theory prioritizes profit

and assumes that personal gain motivates
employees. It aims to streamline operations and
increase productivity.
Classical Principles of Management

Major concepts include specialization,

incentivization, and hierarchical structure. The
first two contribute to employee efficiency and
drive. Centralized leadership simplifies decision-
making, and a meritocratic chain of commands
provides order and oversight. At every level,
standardization reduces waste and error.
Scientific Management Theory

Scientific management theory is sometimes

called Taylorism after its founder Frederick
Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer. Taylor
employed scientific methods to develop
organizational principles that suited mass
production needs. After creating and proving his
theory as a manager and consultant, he wrote ”
The Principles of Scientific Management” in 1911.
Bureaucratic Management Theory
Weber believed that standard rules and well-
defined roles maximize the efficiency of an
organization. Everyone should understand the
responsibilities and expectations of their position,
their place within a clear hierarchy and general
corporate policies. Hiring decisions and the
application of rules should be impersonal, guided
only by reason and established codes.
Administrative Management Theory

Just as scientific management theory is

sometimes called Taylorism,

Administrative management theory is sometimes

called Fayolism.
 1. Division of work: Divide work into tasks and between
employees.
2. Authority: Balance responsibility with
commensurate authority.
3. Unity of command: Give each employee one direct
manager.
4. Unity of direction: Align goals between employees.
5. Equity: Treat all employees equally.
6. Order: Maintain order through an organized
workforce.
7. Discipline: Establish and follow rules and regulations.
8. Initiative: Encourage employees to show initiative.
9. Remuneration: Pay employees fairly for the work
they do.
10. Stability: Ensure that employees feel secure in their
positions. 11. Scalar chain: Establish a clear hierarchy of
command.
12.Subordination of individual interest: Prioritize group
needs.
13. Esprit de corps: Inspire group unity and pride.
14.A balance between centralization and
delegation: Concentrate ultimate authority but
delegate individual decisions.
Modern Management Principles

Modern management theory adopts an approach

to management that balances scientific
methodology with humanistic psychology. It uses
emerging technologies and statistical analysis to
make decisions, streamline operations and
quantify performance. At the same time, it values
individual job satisfaction and a healthy corporate
culture.
Modern Management Principles
Shortcomings of the modern management
approach include:
The prioritization of information that can be
difficult, expensive, and time-consuming to
collect
The gap between theoretical flexibility and
practical agility
The tendency of some strains to be
descriptive rather than prescriptive
Systems Management Theory

Systems theory proposes that each business is

like a single living organism. Distinct elements play
different roles but ultimately work together to
support the business’s health. The role of
management is to facilitate cooperation and
holistic process flows.
Contingency Management Theory
Contingency management theory addresses the
complexity and variability of the modern work
environment. Fred Fiedler realized that no one set
of characteristics – no single approach –
provided the best leadership in all situations.
Success instead depended on the leader’s
suitability to the situation in which they found
themselves.
Contingency Management Theory
Contingency management theory addresses the
complexity and variability of the modern work
environment. Fred Fiedler realized that no one set
of characteristics – no single approach –
provided the best leadership in all situations.
Success instead depended on the leader’s
suitability to the situation in which they found
themselves.
THANKYOU!