Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Management is a pervasive and universal concept.
No business can work smoothly without
management irrespective of its size, nature and
functions.
Management is not constrain to business
organization but even non-business organization
needs to manage its functions.
Management is a process of planning, organizing,
motivating and controlling the enterprise
resources for the purpose of achieving the goals
of the organization effectively and efficiently.
DEFINITIONS (CONCEPT OF
MANAGEMENT)
Traditional concept-
‘Management is the art of getting things done through others’.
Social objectives-
supply of quality products at reasonable prices
Contribution towards desirable civic activities
Personal objectives
Competitive salary
Personal growth and development
Peer recognition
Good working conditions
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT
Effective Utilisation of Resources
Development of Resources
To incorporate Innovations
Integrating Various Interest Groups
Stability in the Society
Nature of Management
Multidisciplinary
Dynamic Nature of Principles
Relative, not Absolute principles
Management: Science or Art
Management as Profession
Universality of Management
MANAGEMENT IS AN ART, A SCIENCE
AND A PROFESSION
Management is an art because:
1] It is creative
2] It involves use of skill.
3] It involves use of technical know how.
4] It is directed towards getting results.
5] It is personalized.
Management as a Science:-
Science is a systematic body of knowledge
based on certain principles and which are
universally approved.
Systematic collection and processing of
information
Output may change though the inputs are
same
Principles of Management are universally
accepted
Management is a profession because:-
Profession is an occupation carried by professionals
like doctor, lawyer, architect, chartered accountant,
cost accountant etc. It involves knowledge and
application of it. Management as a profession is
modern concept different from traditional one.
Existence of Knowledge
Acquisition of Knowledge
Professional Association
Ethical codes
Service Motive
Levels of Management
Administration Vs. Management
Decision making
approach
ELEMENTS AND TOOLS OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
1. Separation of Planning and Doing
2. Functional Foremanship
3. Job Analysis (Work study - Method Study, Motion
Study, Time Study, Fatigue Study)
4. Standardisation
5. Scientific Selection and Training of Workers
6. Financial Incentives
7. Economy
8. Mental Revolution
PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
1. Replacing Rule of Thumb with Science
2. Harmony in Group Action
3. Cooperation
4. Maximum Output
5. Development of Workers
TECHNIQUES OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
Scientific task setting
Work study - Method Study, Motion Study, Time Study, Fatigue Study
10] Order
Specialization of work
A formal set of rules and regulations
Well-defined hierarchy within the
organization
Impersonality in the application of rules
Behavioural Approach
• Features
Social System, a system of cultural relationship
Co-operation necessary
• Features