Poverty As a Challenge

Economics
20.1.20 , 21.1,20, 25.1 C.W

Case- study of Bhola

1 What is poverty?
Poverty is a situation where people do not get basic necessities of life like food, clothing,
shelter ,clean drinking water and sanitation etc.
2 Every fourth person in India is poor. This means roughly 2 60 million or 26 crore people in
India live in poverty

On the basis of study of case study, the following are the issues related to poverty
1 landlessness
2 unemployment
3 size of families
4 illiteracy
5 Poor health and malnutrition

6 child labour
7 helplessness
poverty as seen by social scientist
Social scientists are the scientists who study society. According to them poVERTY it should be
seen from not only getting basic needs of life but through other social indicators like illiteracy
level lack of general resistance due to malnutrition lack of access to health care lack of job
opportunities lack of safe drinking water sanitation etc
Social Exclusion And Vulnerability ​There are some poor people who are not only poor
because they lack various things and facilities but also don't enjoy social equality. it can be a
cause as well as a consequence of poverty. like people belonging to SC ST OBC categories
marginalised communities , Musahars.

Poverty line​ It is an​ imaginary line g​iven by the government to identify the poor people .
there are two methods to calculate poverty line
1​ Income and expenditure method​ ---Based on these calculations for the year 2011- 2012
poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs 816 per month rural area and Rs 1000 per month in
urban areas
2 ​ Consumption Method​ --- the accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories
per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in the urban areas.
In rural areas the calorie requirement is more than the urban areas because rural people do
more physical work than urban people .
the survey of poverty is carried out on behalf of the government by NSSO, National Sample
Survey organisation
Causes of poverty in India
1​ British colonial policy​-- the British they destroyed our Agriculture and industries. There was
no form of development at that time
2 ​ high growth of population-​- after Independence no attention was given to reduce population
as a result the population grew.
3 ​ unequal distribution of land and wealth ​- certain castes dominated the lower classes .
some groups become very wealthy and others poor.
Interstate poverty Trends
A There is a difference among the proportion of poor people in the States.
b.Bihar and Orissa are the poorest states with poverty ratios up 33.7% and 32.6% respectively.
MEASURES
1 There is a significant decline in poverty in Kerala J&K Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Etc
2 States like Punjab and Haryana succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of Green
Revolution
3 Kerala focused on human resource development
4 in West Bengal land reform measures helped in poverty reduction.
5 In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu public distribution of food grain helps in declining
poverty.
Global poverty trends As per world Bank If a person in developing country is living on
less than $ 1 per day, He / she will be treated a poor
1 the proportion of people in developing countries living in extreme poverty has fallen from 43%
in 1990 to 22% in 2008.
2 Number of the poor in China has come down from 85% in 1981 to 6% in 2011.
3 In sub-Saharan African country the poverty has increased
4 In Latin America the ratio of poverty has declined from 11% in 1981 to 6.4% in 2008

Current strategy of government for poverty Alleviation

Promotion of economic growth--​-1 government is opening more and more Industries and
providing job opportunities to the people
2 it is investing more in Human Resources like education and health
3 it is also providing good network of transportation and communication betterment of the
human resource
Targeted anti-poverty programmes
1 National Rural Employment Guarantee act 2005
2 Prime minister Rozgar Yojana
3 Swarna jayanti gram swarojgar Yojna
4 Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana
5 National food for work programme