LECTURE 9: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

In chemistry, the term ORGANIC describes

chemical compounds that contain Carbon and
other elements such as Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Sulfur, or Phosphorus.
THE FOUR TYPES OF ORGANIC
COMPOUND
1. CARBOHYDRATES
It is made up elements such as C, H, O,
where H:O = 2:1
Example: Glucose (C H O )
6 12 6

Uses: energy source, cell structure, &

stored energy in plants (starch).
Classification:
Monosaccharide – glucose, fructose
Disaccharide – maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharide – starch, glycogen,
cellulose
2. LIPIDS
It is made up elements such as C, H, O,
where H:O > 2:1
Example: fats, oils, waxes, cheese
Uses: storing energy, components of cell
membranes, signaling, waterproof covering.
Classification:
Triglycerides – fats, oils, waxes
Steroids – tablets, syrups, inhalers
Phospholipids – soybean, canola seed,
sunflower
3. PROTEINS
 It is made up elements such as C, H, O, and
N. It consists of chains of amino acids called
peptides.
Example: hemoglobin in our blood, insulin,
collagen, myoglobin
Uses: cellular structure, controls substances
in and out of cell, fights diseases.
4. NUCLEIC ACID
It is made up
elements such as C,
H, O, N and P. The
building blocks of
nucleic acids are
called nucleotides. It
is composed of phosphate group attached to a
sugar and nitrogenous base.
Uses: direct and store information for
reproduction and cellular growth
Classification:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – single strand
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – double-
helix strand