Niels Bohr:born: October 7, 1885, Copenhagen, Denmark

Died: November 18, 1962, Copenhagen, Denmark

● In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom, based on quantum
theory.
● Bohr developed his own atom model, stating that electrons could only occupy
specific orbits around the nucleus.
● He explained that energy would be released when an electron moved from an
outer to an inner orbit, and absorbed when it moved from an inner to an outer
orbit.

James chadwick 20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974

● In the field of nuclear research, James Chadwick made a key discovery in 1932
when he proved the existence of basic neutron particles.
● This finding gave James a new method for causing atomic disintegration since
neutrons, which are electrically neutral, can enter atomic nuclei undeflected.
● As neutrons and protons are present inside the atomic nucleus, this finding
helped to clarify what makes it up.

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937).

● The new discoveries of radioactivity, the explanation of the role of decaying
radioactive material in the natural process of radioactivity was done by Ernest
Rutherford in May of 1911.
● The demonstration that the positive electric charge in every atom is
concentrated in a nucleus at the center of the atom was also made by Ernest
Rutherford.
● These discoveries led Erneset Rutherford to the development of the nuclear
model of the atom.
Joseph Louis Proust Born: September 26, 1754, Angers, France

Died: July 5, 1826, Angers, France

● All substance, according to Joseph Louis Proust, is composed of small

indivisible components he called atoms.
● Joseph Proust discovered that, regardless of quantity, compounds always
have the same ratio of elements by mass.
● This statement was stated in 1793 and published in 1795. This statement
is known as the Proust’s Law or the law of definite proportion.

Marie Curie Born: November 7, 1867, Warsaw, Poland

Died: July 4, 1934, Passy, France

● The elements polonium and radium were discovered by Marie Curie and
her husband Pierre Curie in 1898.
● Marie Curie observed that the amount of radiation in a compound
varied depending on the amount of each element present.
● She claimed as a result that radioactivity occurs within the atoms
individually and does not depend on how atoms are grouped into
molecules.