Answers and Explanations 303

Answer Key 2 y = 12
y=6
Section 18-1
1. 4 2. 6 3. 112 4.68 5. 70 3. 112
6. 24 7. 240
m 3=m 1 If PQ RS , Alternate
Section 18-2 Interior s are .
a 2 − 7 = 6a Substitution
1. 25 2. 7.5 3. 27 4. C 5. D
a 2 − 6a − 7 = 0 Make one side 0.
Section 18-3 (a − 7)(a + 1) = 0 Factor.
1. 120 2. 5 3. 15 4. D 5. 108 a = 7 or a = −1
6. 36 7. B Discard a = −1 , because the measure of angles in
parallelogram are positive.
Chapter 18 Practice Test
m 1 = 6a = 6(7) = 42
1. C 2. B 3. 10.5 4. 174 5. D m 2 = 10a = 10(7) = 70
6. 14 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A
m PQR = m 1 + m 2
= 42 + 70
= 112

Answers and Explanations 4. 68

Since PQ RS , consecutive interior angles are

Section 18-1
supplementary. Thus, m PQR + m QRS = 180 .
1. 4
112 + m QRS = 180 m PQR = 112
P Q m QRS = 68
1 2
T 5. 70
m QTR = m PRS + m 3 Exterior Angle Theorem
3 R m 3 = m 1 = 42
S
m PRS = 4a Given
1 Diagonals of bisect each = 4(7) = 28 a=7
PT = PR
2 other. m QTR = 28 + 42 Substitution
1 = 70
x + 2 y = (32) = 16 Substitution
2
ST = TQ Diagonals of bisect each 6. 24
other. A B
8 x − y = 26 Substitution
2(8 x − y ) = 2(26) Multiply each side by 2. 4

16 x − 2 y = 52 Simplify.
Add x + 2 y = 16 and 16 x − 2 y = 52 . E 4

16 x − 2 y = 52 D C
5
+ x + 2 y = 16
17 x = 68 CE 2 + DE 2 = CD 2 Pythagorean Theorem
x=4
42 + DE 2 = 52

2. 6 DE 2 = 9
DE = 3
Substitute 4 for x into the equation x + 2 y = 16 .
4 + 2 y = 16 1 1
Area of ABCD = AC ⋅ BD = (8)(6) = 24
2 2
304 Chapter 18

7. 240 3. 27
P Q Area of rectangle ABCD = 12 × 9 = 108 .
In a rectangle, diagonals divide the rectangle into
four triangles of equal area. Therefore,
15
1
Area of CED = the area of rectangle ABCD
4
T 9 S 20 R 1
= (108) = 27 .
4
PT 2 + ST 2 = PS 2 Pythagorean Theorem
PT 2 + 92 = 152 4. C
Q 3
PT 2 = 152 − 92 = 144 R
PT = 144 = 12 8
Area of PQRS = SR × PT = 20 × 12 = 240 .
30
P S
10 T
Section 18-2 Draw QT , which is perpendicular to PS , to
1. 25 make triangle PQT , a 30 -60 -90 triangle.

B C In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is

twice as long as the shorter leg. Therefore,
1 1
QT = PQ = (8) = 4 .
5 2 2 2
1
Area of trapezoid PQRS = ( PS + QR) ⋅ QT
A D 2
1
Let AD = CD = s . = (10 + 3) ⋅ 4 = 26
2
AD 2 + CD 2 = (5 2) 2 Pythagorean Theorem
2 2 5. D
s + s = 50
Q
2 s 2 = 50
s 2 = 25 15
9
2
Area of ABCD = s = 25 .
R
2. 7.5 P
12 13
B C S

E PR 2 + PQ 2 = QR 2 Pythagorean Theorem
9 2 2 2
PR + 9 = 15 Substitution
2 2 2
PR = 15 − 9 = 144
A D PR = 144 = 12
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 Pythagorean Theorem 122 + RS 2 = 132 Pythagorean Theorem

AC 2 = 92 + 122 = 225 Substitution RS 2 = 132 − 122 = 25

RS = 25 = 5
AC = 225 = 15
1 Diagonals of rectangle Area of trapezoid PQRS
AE = AC bisect each other.
2 1 1
= ( PQ + RS ) ⋅ PR = (9 + 5) ⋅12
1 2 2
= (15) = 7.5
2 = 84
Answers and Explanations 305

Section 18-3 (5 − 2)180

x= = 108 .
5
1. 120
B 6. 36
360
m PQR = = 72
O 5
10
1 1
m RQS = m PQR = (72) = 36
A D C 2 2

7. B
1
m AOB = m BOC = m AOC = (360) = 120
3 In triangle RQS , QR is the hypotenuse and QS
is adjacent to RQS . Therefore the cosine ratio
2. 5 can be used to find the value of a .
1 1 adjacent to RQS a
m COD = m AOC = (120) = 60 cos RQS = =
2 2 hypotenuse 6
Since triangle COD is a 30 -60 -90 triangle,
the hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg. Chapter 18 Practice Test
1 1
Therefore, OD = CO = (10) = 5 . 1. C
2 2
B 18 C
3. 15
13 13
In a circle all radii are equal in measure. 12
Therefore, AO = BO = CO = 10 . A D
BD = BO + OD = 10 + 5 = 15 E F

AE 2 + BE 2 = AB 2 Pythagorean Theorem
4. D
AE 2 + 122 = 132
In a 30 -60 -90 triangle, the longer leg is 3
times as long as the shorter leg. Therefore, AE 2 = 132 − 122 = 25
CD = 3OD = 5 3 AE = 25 = 5
AC = 2CD = 10 3
Also DF = 5 .
Area of ABC
AD = AE + EF + DF = 5 + 18 + 5 = 28
1 1
= ( AC )( BD) = (10 3)(15) = 75 3 1
2 2 Area of trapezoid = ( AD + BC ) ⋅ BF
2
1
5. 108 = (28 + 18) ⋅12 = 276
2

2. B
Q x B 10
C
6
a 10

P R 10
S
45
A D
The measure of each interior angle of a regular 10 F
(n − 2)180 Draw BF perpendicular to AD to form
n- sided polygon is . Therefore,
n a 45 -45 -90 triangle.
306 Chapter 18

In a 45 -45 -90 triangle, the hypotenuse is 2 The perimeter of the rectangle is

2(length + width) = 2(60 + 27) = 174
times as long as a leg. Therefore, 2BF = AB .

2 BF = 10 Substitution 5. D
10 10 ⋅ 210 2 Area of an equilateral triangle with side length
BF = = = =5 2
2 2⋅ 2 2 3 2
of a = a . Since the area of the equilateral
Area of rhombus ABCD 4
1 1 triangle is given as 25 3 , you can set up the
= AD ⋅ BF = (10)(5 2) = 25 2
2 2 following equation.
3 2
3. 10.5 a = 25 3
4
The length of the midsegment of a trapezoid is the 4
average of the lengths of the bases. Therefore, a 2 = 25 3 ⋅ = 100
3
1 The area of each square is a 2 , or 100, so the
EO = (TP + RA) .
2 sum of the areas of the three squares is 3 × 100 ,
1 or 300.
18 = (TP + 15) Substitution
2
1 6. 14
2 × 18 = 2 × (TP + 15)
2 Let w = the width of the rectangle.
36 = TP + 15 The perimeter of the rectangle is given as 5x .
21 = TP Perimeter of rectangle = 2(length + width)
1 1
In TRP , EZ = TP = (21) = 10.5 . 3
2 2 5 x = 2( x + w)
2
5 x = 3x + 2w
4. 174
2 x = 2w
Let w = the width of the rectangle in meters, x=w
then 2 w + 6 = the length of the rectangle in Area of rectangle = length × width = 294
meters. 3
Area of rectangle = length × width x ⋅ x = 294
2
= (2 w + 6) × w = 2 w2 + 6 w . 2
x 2 = 294 ⋅ = 196
Since the area of the rectangle is 1,620 square 3
meters, you can set up the following equation.
x = 196 = 14
2 w2 + 6 w = 1620
2 w2 + 6 w − 1620 = 0 Make one side 0. 7. A
2( w2 + 3w − 810) = 0 Common factor is 2. B
4 3
Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation,
11 C
w2 + 3w − 810 = 0 .
−b b 2 − 4ac
w=
2a
A 12 D
−3 32 − 4(1)(−810)
=
2(1) AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 Pythagorean Theorem
−3 3249 −3 57 AC 2 = 112 + (4 3) 2 Substitution
= = 2
2 2 AC = 121 + 48 = 169
−3 + 57 AC = 169 = 13
Since the width is positive, w = = 27 .
2 AC 2 = AD 2 + CD 2 Pythagorean Theorem
The length is 2 w + 6 = 2(27) + 6 = 60 . 2 2
169 = 12 + CD Substitution
Answers and Explanations 307

25 = CD 2 10. A
5 = CD
Q C D R
The area of region ABCD is the sum of the
area of ABC and the area of ADC .
Area of the region ABCD
1 1 B E
= (11)(4 3) + (12)(5) O
2 2
= 22 3 + 30
P A T F S
8. C 4
40
Draw the diagonals of a regular hexagon, AD ,
A E B
BE , and CF .
BE = BO + OE = 8 and QR = BE = 8
16 Since ABCDEF is a regular hexagon, the
diagonals intersect at the center of the hexagon.
45
Let the point of intersection be O . The diagonals
D C
G F divide the hexagon into 6 equilateral triangles with
side lengths of 4. Area of each equilateral triangle
Since BCFE is a square,
3 2
BC = BE = CF = EF = 16 . with side lengths of 4 is (4) = 4 3 .
AE = AB − BE 4
= 40 − 16 = 24 Draw OT perpendicular to PS .
Triangle AGD is a 45 -45 -90 triangle. Triangle AOT is a 30 -60 -90 triangle.
In a 45 -45 -90 triangle, the length of the two 1 1
Therefore, AT = AO = (4) = 2 and
legs are equal in measure. Therefore, 2 2
AD = DG = 16 . OT = 3 AT = 2 3 .
FG = DC − DG − CF In rectangle PQRS , RS = 2OT = 2(2 3) = 4 3 .
= 40 − 16 − 16 = 8
Area of rectangle PQRS = QR × RS
Area of the shaded region = 8 × 4 3 = 32 3 .
1 Area of regular hexagon ABCDEF
= ( AE + FG ) ⋅ EF
2 = 6 × area of the equilateral triangle
1
= (24 + 8) ⋅16 = 256 = 6 × 4 3 = 24 3
2
Area of shaded region
9. D = area of rectangle − area of hexagon
B C = 32 3 − 24 3 = 8 3 .

x
A E D
12
Draw BE perpendicular to AD .
BE
In ABE , sin x = .
9
Therefore, BE = 9sin x .
Area of parallelogram ABCD
= AD × BE = 12 × 9sin x