1 MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

▪ Egyptians were also the first ones to start celebrating

HISTORY OF TOURISM festivals.

ETYMOLOGY FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

▪ William F. Theobald (1994) suggested that

"etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin,
'tornare and the Greek, 'tornos', meaning 'a circle; the USE OF EARLY ROADS
movement around a central point or axis'.
▪ Mesopotamian roads were mainly paved dirt roads.
▪ The suffix -ism is defined as an action or process, typical
▪ The Island of Crete had better roads
behaviour or quality', while the suffix, -ist denotes 'one that
performs a given action'
▪ 13 1⁄2 feet wide two-lane road.
▪ When the word tour and the suffixes -ism and -ist are
combined they suggest the action of movement around a THE ROMANS DEVELOPED ROADS FOR MILITARY USE,
circle. One can argue that a circle represents a starting AND IT COVERED MOST OF THEIR EMPIRE.
point, which ultimately returns back to its beginning.
▪ Developed at around 150 EC
▪Therefore, like a circle, a tour represents a journey in that
▪ Roman marks were quite elaborate in construction
it is a roundtrip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning
(cobblestones)
to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes
such a journey can be called a tourist. ▪ And some of these roads are still in use.

THE SILK ROAD

EARLY BEGINNINGS OF TRAVEL ▪ The fabled road where the east met the west.

▪ Some sections were directions across trackless steppe or

desert
THE BABYLONIANS (SUMERIANS)
▪ A trade route where states along this route traded. Silk
▪ The creation of money and trade was not the only thing traded there.

▪ Trade was developed around 400 B.C. ▪ Silk was not the only thing traded there.

▪ Babylonians were also credited with the founders of

travel business
THE CLASSICAL WORLD
THE EGYPTIANS

▪ First cruises were organized and conducted from Egypt.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES
▪ The first journey for Tourism was made by Queen
Hatshepsut to the land of Punt in 1480. ▪ Started in 776 BC.
▪ Early Egyptians started the trait of purchasing souvenirs ▪ City states gathered together every 4 years for
from the places they visit competition
▪ 2700 BC: the Pharaohs began to build elaborate burial ▪ The games created festivals, and attractions were born
tombs (pyramids) out of it.

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▪ Lodging also became a commodity needed during these EARLY TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS
festivals

HEREDOTUS
EUROPEANS
▪ Father of History
▪ The fall of Rome spelled disaster for travel and to
▪ Travelled all over Greece and the Aegean Islands,
sailed to Cyrene and explored Sicily and Italy ▪ Dark ages - only the most adventurous persons would
travel. Travel was not for pleasure.
▪ Made records of his travels

▪ Also considered as the world’s first "Travel Writer"

THE CRUSADES

▪ End of the Dark Ages: pilgrimages were popular.

EARLY SHIPS
▪ The ancient Passport was born in 1388: permits for
pilgrimages were required

EUROPEANS
PHOENICIANS
▪ The rise of tour guides came about in the 14th century.
▪ Master shipwrights.
▪ Pilgrimages gave birth to different accommodation
▪Built a network of trading posts around the
facilities.
Mediterranean.
▪ The "Grand Tour"
GREEKS
▪ Travelling for educational purposes.
▪ Followed the Phoenicians.
▪ Where present trips to Europe originated
▪ Improved ships and accelerated the Mediterranean
trade.

▪ Merchant ships also carried passengers for profit.

EARLY TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
CHINESE
• Great Pyramids of Egypt (including Sphinx)
▪ Had ministers for travel as early as 4.000 years ago.
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Early Ships
• Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus
POLYNESIANS
• Statue of Zeus at Olympia
▪ Used small dugout canoes under 40 feet and used
these to travel from South East Asia. ▪ Colossus of Rhodes in the Harbor at Rhodes.

▪ Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in Alexandria, Egypt

▪ Temple Artemis at Ephesus

OTHER EARLY ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES

• Spas, Baths and Seaside Resorts

• The use of Spas after the original use by the Romans

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▪ 18th century: Spas were very fashionable
• Sea Bathing also became popular because saltwater
had medicinal effects.
FIRST TRAVEL AGENTS
ROBERT SMART
▪ Self-Proclaimed first steamship agent.
THOMAS COOK
▪ Began Running a special excursion train from Leicester
to Loughborough.
▪ Was recognized as the first rail excursion agent.
HISTORY OF TRAVEL AGENCY
The modern travel agency first appeared in the second half
of the 19th century.
▪ THOMAS COOK, in addition to developing the package
tour, established a chain of agencies in the last quarter of
the 19th century, in association with the Midland Railway.
▪ Thomas submitted his idea to the secretary of the
Midland Railway Company. A train was subsequently
arranged, and on 5 July 1841 about 500 passengers were
conveyed in open carriages the enormous distance of 12
miles and back for a shilling. The day was a great success
and, as Thomas later recorded, 'thus was struck the
keynote of my excursions, and the social idea grew upon
me'.
▪ Other British pioneer travel agencies were Dean &
Dawson, the Polytechnic Touring Association, and the Co-
operative Wholesale Society.
▪ The oldest travel agency in the United States is Brownell
Travel; on July 4, 1887, Walter T. Brownell led ten travelers
on a European tour, setting sail from New York on the SS
Devonia.
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FIRST TRAVEL AGENTS
THOMAS BENETT
▪ Served as the British consul general in Oslo.
▪ Arranged scenic tours in Norway for visiting British
notables.
▪ 1850: he set up a “Trip Organizer” business and provided
tourists with itineraries, carriages, provisions and a
“traveling kit”
HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION
STAGECOACH TRAVEL
▪ Coaches were invented in Hungary during the 15th
century and provided regular service on prescribed routes.
▪ Stagecoach travel became so popular that it was
responsible for the development of the famous English
Tavern.
WATER TRAVEL
▪ As early as 1772, market boats picked up passengers
and goods on ship canals in England.
▪ Transport Service between Manchester and the London
Bridge
▪ This water travel service had a coffee room
▪ Then came the Steamboats in 1815.
AIR TRAVEL
▪ 1926 saw the first US Airline: Variety Airlines
▪ First international route was flown by Pan American
Airways from Key West, FL to Havana, Cuba.
▪ Gradual expansion of territories covered by US Airlines.
▪ Most of their staff and equipment was used for war
service during WWII.
▪ The Boeing 707: the first commercial Jet made by the
United States.
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▪ 1969: The Concorde takes flight

▪ 2003: The Concorde took its last Commercial Flight.

HISTORIC ACCOMMODATION

▪ Private dwellings were the earliest guest rooms.

Travelers were hosted almost like members of the family.

▪ Caravansaries and inns were used in the Middle East and

in the Orient.

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