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tR (min) FID tR (min) TCD

H2 0 0 4.4 1169.95
O2 0 0 5.55 133.09
CO 5.79 1684.13 5.72 98.79
CH4 8.42 1709.93 8.39 318.27
CO2 16.23 1732.13 16.15 94.18
C2H2 25.53 3114.14 25.5 289.93
C2H4 25.66 3347.72 25.62 282
C2H6 29.4 3279.95 29.36 384.73
C3H6 42.13 4454.86 42.08 402.9
C3H8 42.98 4546.63 42.93 489.11
C3H4 43.77 4433.96 43.72 339.57
nCH4H10 51.25 5852.57 51.2 432.48
iC4H10 53.31 5804.36 53.25 403.53

bubbling methanol
CH3OH 24.88 488.63
1954.53

New GC calibration
tR (min) FID (area) tR (min) TCD tR (min) FID (height)
H2 0 0 1.99 728.47 1.99 149.93
O2 0 0 2.46 85.78 2.46 17.22
CO 2.57 3575.4 2.52 64.09 2.57 12.8
CH4 3.63 3535.88 3.6 210.84 3.63 467.46
CO2 6.62 3400.25 0 6.62 225.92
C2H2 10.69 6531.64 0 10.69 344.71
C2H4 10.91 6490.51 0 10.91 258.45
C2H6 13.42 6901.19 0 13.42 306.61
C3H6 24.06 9706.08 0 24.06 351.59
C3H8 25.07 9799.68 0 25.07 329.66
C3H4
nCH4H10 33.37 12117.36 0 33.37 340.22
iC4H10 35.23 12060.91 0 35.23 363.87

bubbling methanol
CH3OH 26 258.48
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ 4kV

power frequency 20 kHz


flow rate 30 mL/min
voltage 4 kV @ generator set

1st trial
CH4 : O2 1:1 2:1 2.75 : 1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 296.36 357.52 312.61
8.42 888.59 688.54 1072.85 545.64 1160.61 652.56
16.23 225.2 177.47 139.01
25.53
25.66
29.40 19.15 86.61 98.96
42.13
42.98 28.69 36.94
43.77
44.88
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 98.05 359.55 375.41
5.55 61.89 37.68 40.51
5.72
8.39 157.63 122.41 191.40 96.15 208.00 115.24
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.41 3.43 3.39
I (mA) 61.70 24.68 64.76 24.57 51.40 25.70
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 78.17 90.40 43.20 40.72 42.40 38.70
8.42 22.51 19.47 49.14 52.14 43.77 47.96
16.23 57.75 66.79 20.85 19.65 18.33 16.73
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 5.19 6.00 10.75 10.13 13.79 12.58
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 0.00 0.00 3.85 3.63 5.57 5.08
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 18.61 21.53 31.27 29.47 36.65 33.45
5.55 46.51 28.31 30.44
5.72
8.39 22.35 23.08 49.77 54.69 44.60 50.63
power (Watt) 62.00 75
RMS 84.18 84.25 174.04
integration
C total
H total 15.56 18.00 42.51 40.07 56.20 51.30

2nd trial
CH4 : O2 1:1 2:1 2.75 : 1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 256.32 176.25
8.42 888.59 629.78 1163.6 1071.77
16.23 173.83 83.85
25.53
25.66
29.40 28.81 30.38
42.13
42.98
43.77
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 127.37 83.25
5.55 61.89 40.77
5.72
8.39 157.63 112.34 208.46 187.96
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.40 3.44
I (mA) 28.33 63.63 25.45
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 52.25 57.78 132.61 131.23 #DIV/0! 0.00
8.42 29.13 26.34 7.89 7.98 #DIV/0! 100.00
16.23 34.46 38.10 61.34 60.70 0.00 0.00
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 6.03 6.67 23.47 23.23 0.00 0.00
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 10.89 45.08 44.61 #DIV/0! 0.00
5.55
5.72
8.39 28.73 29.40 9.83 11.42 #DIV/0! 100.00
power 58.00 55.00
RMS 96.29 87.45
integration
C total
H total 18.09 20.01 70.42 69.69 0.00 0.00

3rd trial
CH4 (mL/min) 1:1 2:1 15.00
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 197.27
8.42 1057.49 1029.48
16.23 89.63
25.53 17.00
25.66
29.40 40.66
42.13
42.98
43.77
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 99.44
5.55 49.16
5.72
8.39 189.90 185.53
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.43
I (mA) 65.45 26.18
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 442.20 120.86
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 2.65 9.69 #DIV/0! 100.00
16.23 195.35 53.39
25.53 0.00 0.00 41.21 11.26 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 0.00 0.00 93.60 25.58 0.00 0.00
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 0.00 160.44 43.85 0.00

8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 2.30 12.56 #DIV/0! 100.00


power 57.00
RMS 89.90
integration
C total
H total 0.00 0.00 322.02 88.01 0.00 0.00
Synthesis
e @ 4kV

4.8 : 1 9:1
before after before after

107.38 110.22
1400.36 1292.79 1517.35 1148.84
59.14 27.37
12.39

19.05 121.40

41.95

13.62

57.49 219.39
23.13 9.51

249.56 232.33 286.09 211.08

3.45 3.40
29.91 26.71

#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

83.00 73.76 26.95 25.82


7.68 8.64 24.29 25.35
44.45 39.50 6.51 6.23
0.00 0.00 3.28 3.14
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15.12 13.44 30.48 29.20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 11.40 10.92
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
#REF! #REF!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

31.98 28.42 38.61 36.99


17.38 7.15
6.90 18.89 26.22 26.31
73.00 89.00
103.19 90.73

45.36 40.31 125.11 119.87

9:1
before after before after

105.91
1542.99 1215.25
35.11

116.01

32.15

162.41
10.09

279.08 222.64

3.39
23.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 29.61 29.90


#DIV/0! 100.00 21.24 21.03
#DIV/0! 0.00 9.54 9.64
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 33.30 33.63
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 9.99 10.09
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 13.88


#DIV/0! 100.00 20.22 30.05
75.00
78.06

#DIV/0! 0.00 126.54 127.79

20.00 25.00
before after before after

#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ same power

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 100 uL


flow rate 20 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 75 W (Metex)

1st trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 367.57 299.56 289.94
8.42 1199.37 390.39 1221.9 451.5 1339.81 439.71
16.23 119.35 90.12 73.82
25.53
25.66
29.40 85.38 99.68 107.31
42.13 16.54 15.31 6.31
42.98 49.67 54.28 51.60
43.77
44.88 38.91 43.40 27.04
51.25 13.51 15.12 19.46
53.31 13.84 14.12 18.06
TCD
4.40 511.15 532.86 552.99
5.55 39.03 30.01 27
5.72
8.39 214.85 66.79 219.05 77.48 239.09 74.18
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.23 3.20 3.17
I (mA) 23.42 23.37 22.98
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 32.36 32.08 28.21 27.45 25.63 25.72
8.42 67.45 68.04 63.05 64.79 67.18 66.94
16.23 10.22 10.13 8.25 8.03 6.34 6.37
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 7.72 7.65 9.64 9.38 9.74 9.78
42.13 1.65 1.64 1.63 1.59 0.63 0.64
42.98 4.86 4.82 5.68 5.53 5.07 5.09
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 11.81 11.70 14.09 13.71 8.24 8.27
51.25 1.37 1.36 1.64 1.60 1.98 1.99
53.31 1.41 1.40 1.54 1.50 1.85 1.86
TCD
4.40 32.39 32.11 36.12 35.15 35.18 35.31
5.55 29.32 22.55 20.28
5.72
8.39 68.91 70.62 64.63 67.54 68.97 70.03
power (Watt) 75.00 75.00 75.00
RMS 75.65 74.81 72.89
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total 71.39 70.78 70.69 68.79 59.48 59.70
H total 56.06 55.58 64.30 62.57 56.92 57.12

2nd trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 286.32
8.42 1011.44 480.57
16.23 114.5
25.53
25.66
29.40 105.62
42.13 7.77
42.98 40.18
43.77
44.88 0.00
51.25 12.91
53.31 16.47
TCD
4.40 480.71
5.55 50.79 8.05
5.72 16.45
8.39 175.50 81.45
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.30
I (mA) 25.87
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 #DIV/0! 0.00 32.39 22.04 #DIV/0! 0.00
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 52.49 77.12 #DIV/0! 100.00
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 12.59 8.57 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 12.27 8.35 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 1.00 0.68 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 5.05 3.44 #DIV/0! 0.00
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 1.68 1.14 #DIV/0! 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.16 1.47 #DIV/0! 0.00
TCD
4.40 0.00 39.14 26.64 #DIV/0! 0.00
5.55
5.72
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 53.59 74.41 #DIV/0! 100.00
power 75.00
RMS 85.35
integration
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 67.15 45.70 #DIV/0! 0.00
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 54.78 37.28 #DIV/0! 0.00

3rd trial
CH4 (mL/min) 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 288.07
8.42 1011.44 562.86
16.23 76.41
25.53
25.66
29.40 118.21
42.13 3.67
42.98 49.94
43.77
44.88 12.02
51.25 14.14
53.31 17.66
TCD
4.40 468.14
5.55 50.78
5.72
8.39 175.50 96.24
power (RMS)
V (kV) 2.90
I (mA) 21.87
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 38.57 30.48
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 44.35 56.11 #DIV/0! 100.00
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 9.95 7.86 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 16.25 12.85 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.56 0.44 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 7.43 5.87 #DIV/0! 0.00
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 5.55 4.38 #DIV/0! 0.00
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.18 1.72 #DIV/0! 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.74 2.17 #DIV/0! 0.00
TCD
4.40 0.00 45.11 35.66 0.00

8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 45.16 59.68 #DIV/0! 100.00


power 75.00
RMS 63.40
integration
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 83.22 65.78 #DIV/0! 0.00
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 71.25 56.32 #DIV/0! 0.00

report
CH4 conv. 68.76 65.00 68.28
H2 32.25 35.63 35.24
CO 32.22 27.83 25.67
CO2 10.17 8.14 6.35
C2 7.69 9.51 9.76
C3 6.48 7.22 5.71
C4 2.77 3.14 3.84
CH3OH 11.76 13.90 8.25
graph 1 (power vs conversion)
3:1 conv error 4:1 conv error 5:1
63.40 50.23 8.32 61.28 53.37 2.15 69.21
67.38 59.96 1.00 69.11 60.49 0.49 72.37
74.43 62.99 1.10 72.94 66.69 0.55 79.82
74.81 63.92 1.23
85.35 64.80 17.42
f Methanol Synthesis
o variable @ same power

1st trial
4:1 5:1 9:1 3:1
before after before after before after before
88.24
299.57 224.88 185.72
1400.36 460.98 1194.24 481.66 1506.21 521.21 983.01
78.38 47.19 37.8

112.70 118.39 133.75

50.71 56.00 66.07

17.35 0.00 0.00


17.60 22.48
15.03 18.84 22.71

504.76 560.75 548.74


31.03 21.11 13.34 32.18

231.76 80.24 212.59 83.69 273.69 92.30 176.31

3.16 3.15 3.11


23.09 22.96 22.47

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0


0

0
26.52 26.83 22.38 20.17 16.86 16.68 65.99
67.08 66.30 59.67 66.20 65.40 66.13 37.96
6.75 6.82 4.57 4.12 3.34 3.30 40.20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.24 10.36 12.10 10.90 12.47 12.33 14.62
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.99 5.05 6.19 5.58 6.67 6.59 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.29 5.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 2.02 1.82 2.35 2.32 0.00
1.54 1.56 2.18 1.96 2.39 2.37 0.00

32.16 32.54 40.16 36.20 35.86 35.46 47.38


23.31 15.86

65.38 68.49 60.64 68.45 66.28 67.78


75.00 75.00 75.00
72.94 72.37 69.77
75.03 74.46 71.41
55.33 55.98 49.43 44.55 44.08 43.59 120.81
49.42 50.01 55.99 50.46 52.62 52.04 105.72

2nd trial
4:1 5:1 9:1 3:1
before after before after before after before
69.13 68.37 54.09 53.97 93.36
260.03 282.99
1105.95 445.75 1200.24 405.78 982.53
93.39 81.42

84.23 88.11

30.84 43.19

2.68

367.76 395.45
30.84 13.35 21.11 12.72 31.94

201.84 79.93 212.03 69.75 176.62

2.93 3.07
23.58 26.00

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
39.26 39.58 36.05 37.46 52.90
60.14 60.83 66.27 67.18 #DIV/0! 100.00 59.25
10.47 10.56 7.57 7.87 #DIV/0! 0.00 22.05
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
13.06 13.17 11.52 11.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 13.65
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
5.17 5.22 6.11 6.35 #DIV/0! 0.00 5.71
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 1.18 1.22 #DIV/0! 0.00 4.78
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
39.96 40.29 36.25 37.68 0.00 43.61

#DIV/0! 100.00
50.00 50.00
69.11 79.82

67.97 68.53 62.43 64.89 #DIV/0! 0.00 99.09


93.17 93.94 86.40 89.80 #DIV/0! 0.00 106.05

3rd trial
4:1 5:1 9:1 3:1
before after before after before after before
66.33 65.76 78.2 77.13 90.8
221.57 221.71
1111.7 505.78 1200.39 532.09 981.58
74.88 76.43

101.27 93.56

34.74 33.19

321.25 335.04
22.05 16.1 11.43 31.31

192.89 93.69 211.30 94.36 174.66

2.85 2.76
21.51 25.04

0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
36.54 41.50 32.86 34.95 49.58
54.90 51.85 56.28 55.96 #DIV/0! 100.00 62.21
15.09 17.14 9.29 9.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 19.84
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
17.15 19.48 14.24 15.15 #DIV/0! 0.00 12.99
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
6.37 7.23 5.47 5.82 #DIV/0! 0.00 5.74
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
38.13 43.31 35.74 38.02 0.00 46.21

#DIV/0! 100.00
52.00 52.00
61.28 69.21

75.15 85.35 61.87 65.80 #DIV/0! 0.00 88.15


93.38 106.05 85.82 91.27 #DIV/0! 0.00 105.98

66.81 67.32 66.39


32.35 38.18 35.66
26.67 21.27 16.77
6.79 4.34 3.32
10.30 11.50 12.40
5.02 5.89 6.63
1.55 3.99 4.72
5.32 n.a. n.a.

conv error 66
56.12 0.23
64
62.93 4.62
CH4 conversion (%)

62
66.72 0.64
60

58
56

54
52

50
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Power (W)

Column B
3:1
after
87.8
243.73
612.98
152.69

53.42

243.11
12.26

108.51

2.85
23.54

0
0

0
67.06
38.76
40.85
0.00
0.00
15.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

48.14
49.00
67.18

122.99
107.60

3:1
after
91.44
309.69
408.76
132.77

77.79

30.08

8.12

354.72
15.63

70.92

2.88
23.38

0
0

0
53.49
60.67
22.30
0.00
0.00
13.80
0.00
5.77
0.00
4.84
0.00
0.00
44.10

60.00
67.38

100.20
107.23

3:1
after
88.64
305.46
379.96
125.71

77.95

31.81

395.53
15.53

64.84

3.01
24.76

0
0

0
50.60
63.76
20.25
0.00
0.00
13.26
0.00
5.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
47.16

80.00
74.43

89.97
108.17

80 85 90
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ same power

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 100


flow rate 20 mL/min mole sample 0

1st trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
before after before after before after
FID 66.33 67.52 66.33 65.76
5.79 259.56 221.57
8.42 921.9 451.5 1011.7 505.75
16.23 80.12 74.88
25.53
25.66
29.40 99.68 101.27
42.13
42.98 54.28 34.74
43.77
44.88
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 302.86 321.25
5.55 30.01 22.05
5.72
8.39 179.05 87.48 192.89 103.69
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.20 2.85
I (mA) 23.37 21.51
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 #DIV/0! 0.00 58.03 55.48 43.70 46.07
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 50.15 50.27 50.44 46.71
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 13.51 12.91 9.87 10.40
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 22.89 21.88 20.51 21.62
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 13.49 12.89 7.61 8.03
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 48.73 46.59 45.60 48.08
5.55 0.00
5.72
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00
power (Watt) 75.00 52.00 52.00
RMS 0.00 74.81 61.28
integration 77.78
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 107.91 103.16 81.69 86.12
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 74.89 71.59 111.67 117.72

2nd trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
before after before after before after
FID 69.52 68.52 69.13 68.52
5.79 286.32 279.57
8.42 1011.44 480.57 1000.36 480.98
16.23 114.5 78.38
25.53
25.66
29.40 105.62 112.7
42.13 7.77
42.98 40.18 50.71
43.77
44.88 0.00
51.25 12.91
53.31 16.47
TCD
4.40 380.71 324.76
5.55 50.79 8.05 31.03
5.72 16.45
8.39 175.50 78.45 192.89 92.24
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.30 3.16
I (mA) 25.87 23.09
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 #DIV/0! 0.00 53.28 54.32 53.73 51.61
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 53.17 55.94 52.35 52.61
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 12.25 12.49 13.33 12.80
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 20.18 20.58 22.24 21.36
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 1.64 1.67 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 8.31 8.47 10.83 10.40
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.77 2.82 0.00 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 3.56 3.63 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 0.00 50.99 51.98 44.92 43.15
5.55
5.72
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00
power 62.00 62.00
RMS 85.35 72.94
integration
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 101.99 103.98 100.13 96.18
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 127.42 129.91 113.74 109.25

3rd trial
CH4 (mL/min) 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
before after before after before after
FID 59.13 58.37 69.13 68.37
5.79 288.07 308.03
8.42 911.44 332.86 1105.95 445.75
16.23 76.41 93.39
25.53
25.66
29.40 118.21 84.23
42.13 3.67
42.98 49.94 30.84
43.77
44.88 12.02
51.25 14.14
53.31 17.66
TCD
4.40 468.14 367.76
5.55 50.78 30.84 13.35
5.72
8.39 175.50 66.24 192.89 79.93
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.30 2.93
I (mA) 25.87 23.58
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 49.54 48.81 46.51 50.57
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 63.95 62.74 60.14 59.02
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 17.55 17.29 13.81 15.02
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 20.87 20.57 13.06 14.20
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.72 0.71 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 9.54 9.40 5.17 5.63
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 7.12 7.02 0.00 0.00
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.80 2.76 0.00 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 3.52 3.47 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 0.00 57.94 57.09 39.96 43.46

8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00


power 52.00 52.00
RMS 85.35 69.11
integration
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 111.67 110.02 78.55 85.43
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 149.33 147.13 93.17 101.32

report 3:1 error 4:1 error


50 W
CH4 conv. 50.21 4.09 48.58 2.64
H2 47.66 2.52 46.84 2.75
CO 56.75 2.80 44.89 2.68
CO2 13.21 1.42 10.14 1.38
C2 22.38 1.71 21.07 1.79
C3 13.19 1.42 7.82 1.29
C4 2.37 3.25 3.57 4.95
CH3OH 3.46 3.96 2.45 3.54
60 W
CH4 conv. 54.56 1.96 52.48 0.18
H2 51.49 1.70 44.03 2.25
CO 53.80 1.74 52.67 2.50
CO2 12.37 1.17 13.07 1.37
C2 20.38 4.28 21.80 1.62
C3 8.39 3.11 10.62 1.30
C4 0.4 6.39 1.09 2.13 1.24
CH3OH 2.57 3.54 2.57 1.63
80 W
CH4 conv. 63.34 3.85 59.58 2.79
H2 57.51 1.60 41.71 5.47
CO 49.17 2.52 48.54 3.88
CO2 17.42 3.18 14.42 1.85
C2 20.72 1.22 13.63 2.81
C3 9.47 1.10 5.40 1.32
C4 6.28 1.23 2.35 1.09
CH3OH 4.08 1.57 2.43 0.77
CH4 conv.
3:1 error 4:1 error 5:1 error power (W)
50.21 4.09 54.56 1.96 63.34 3.85 80
48.58 2.64 52.48 0.18 59.58 2.79 60
48.19 3.34 50.41 0.06 55.63 2.72 50

90
85
80
75
70
65
nversion (%)

60
55
50
45
40
35
90
85
80
75
70
65
Conversion (%) 60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Row 194 Row 195 Row 196

Power (W)

3:1 4:1 5:1


5:1
before after
54.09 55.09
211.71
1111.7 562.96
74.43

93.56

33.19

335.04
21.11 11.43

202.89 103.69

2.76
25.04

0 0
0 0

0 0
40.67 41.89
48.42 47.95
8.87 9.14
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
18.46 19.01
0.00 0.00
7.09 7.30
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00

46.32 47.71
52.00
69.21

75.08 77.33
111.21 114.54

5:1
before after
54.09 53.97
211.57
1111.7 552.09
74.88

101.27

34.74

321.25
21.11 10.06

209.76 104.35

2.85
21.51

0 0
0 0

0 0
38.22 37.77
50.45 50.36
10.74 10.61
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
18.79 18.56
0.00 0.00
6.97 6.89
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
41.77 41.27

57.00
61.28

74.71 73.83
102.27 101.06

5:1
before after
78.2 77.13
282.99
1111.7 505.78
81.42

88.11

43.19

2.68

395.45
22.05 12.72

201.84 89.75

3.07E+00
2.60E+01

0 0
0 0

0 0
46.24 46.55
55.13 56.14
10.24 10.31
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
14.79 14.88
0.00 0.00
7.84 7.89
0.00 0.00
1.51 1.52
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
46.51 46.82
50 W
80

Selectivity (%)
60
81.00
79.89
40

80.62 81.16 20
110.85 111.58
0
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
5:1 error
Column D Column F Column H
48.19 3.34
47.01 1.98 60 W
41.28 1.86 80
9.01 1.19
Selectivity (%)

60
18.73 1.39
7.19 1.15
40
1.28 1.70
5.65 5.27 20

0
50.41 0.06
Row 176 Row 177 Row 178 Row 179 Row 180 Row 181 Row 182
41.52 1.35
Column D Column F Column H
37.99 1.32
10.68 2.09
18.67 3.16
6.93 3.06 80 W
3.46 2.34 80

3.56 2.04
Selectivity (%)

60

55.63 2.72 40
46.66 4.22
46.40 1.22 20
10.28 1.05
14.83 3.07 0
Row 185 Row 186 Row 187 Row 188 Row 189 Row 190 Row 191
7.87 1.04
2.12 0.32 Column D Column F Column H
1.51 1.59

power (W) 3:1 error 4:1 error 5:1


50 50.21 4.09 48.58 2.64 48.19
60 54.56 1.96 52.48 0.18 50.41
80 63.34 3.85 59.58 2.79 55.63

75

70

65
nversion (%)

60

55

50
75

70

65

Conversion (%)
60

55

50

45

40

35

30
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Power (W)

3:1 4:1 5:1


C4 CH3OH

nH

80 Row 181 Row 182

89 Row 190 Row 191

error
3.34
0.06
2.72
75 80
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ 50W

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 uL


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 50 W (Metex)

1st trial
CH4 : O2 3:1 4:1 5:1
before after before after before after
FID 28.42 24.9 28.2 24.61
5.79 106.32 106.66 104.53
8.42 1211.44 950.57 1368.5 1122.61 1460.71 1154.3
16.23 54.5 44.95 44.79
25.53
25.66 11.70 10.44
29.40 15.62 19.30 21.74
42.13 7.77 4.26 7.83
42.98 4.18 2.12 1.84
43.77
44.88 10.00 16.37 14.79
51.25 12.91 8.10 3.89
53.31 16.47
TCD
4.40 130.71 140 156.45
5.55 50.79 8.05 24.73 20.43
5.72 16.45
8.39 175.50 101.45 245.11 235.05 261.47 246.12
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.30 3.60 3.64
I (mA) 25.87 24.57 23.74
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 29.32 24.40 19.72 19.74 17.45 18.49
8.42 21.53 25.88 28.13 28.10 31.03 29.30
16.23 14.61 12.16 8.08 8.09 7.27 7.70
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 2.18 2.18 1.75 1.86
29.40 4.42 3.68 3.66 3.67 3.73 3.95
42.13 2.43 2.02 0.89 0.89 1.48 1.57
42.98 1.28 1.07 0.44 0.44 0.34 0.36
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 9.50 7.91 10.44 10.45 8.51 9.01
51.25 4.10 3.41 1.72 1.73 0.75 0.79
53.31 5.27 4.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 25.94 21.59 21.27 21.29 21.54 22.82
5.55 38.16 18.58 15.35
5.72
8.39 42.19 57.50 15.98 19.12 17.85 19.01
power (Watt) 45.00 45.00
RMS 85.35 88.38 86.29
integration 77.04 75.03 74.46
C total 70.94 59.03 47.14 47.19 41.29 43.73
H total 47.10 39.19 58.78 58.84 56.96 60.32

2nd trial
CH4 : O2 3:1 4:1 5:1
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 288.07
8.42 1011.44 562.86
16.23 76.41
25.53
25.66
29.40 118.21
42.13 3.67
42.98 49.94
43.77
44.88 12.02
51.25 14.14
53.31 17.66
TCD
4.40 468.14
#REF! 50.78
#REF!
8.39 175.50 96.24
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.30
I (mA) 25.87
power (int.)
V (kV) #DIV/0!
I (mA)
calculation
FID
5.79 38.57 30.48
8.42 44.35 56.11 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00
16.23 9.95 7.86 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.53 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
29.40 16.25 12.85 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.13 0.56 0.44 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
42.98 7.43 5.87 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
43.77 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
44.88 5.55 4.38 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
51.25 2.18 1.72 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
53.31 2.74 2.17 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
TCD
4.40 45.11 35.66 0.00 0.00
8.39 45.16 59.68 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00
power 75.00
RMS 85.35
integration
C total 83.22 65.78 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
H total 71.25 56.32 #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00

report
CH4 conv. 23.71 3.07 28.12 0.02 30.17 1.22
H2 23.76 3.08 21.28 0.02 22.18 0.90
CO 36.86 4.57 29.73 4.14 27.94 4.12
CO2 13.39 1.73 8.09 0.01 7.49 0.30
C2 21.03 2.25 23.67 2.29 20.84 2.29
C3 3.40 0.44 1.33 0.00 1.88 0.08
C4 8.58 1.11 1.73 0.00 0.77 0.03
CH3OH 8.71 1.13 10.44 0.01 8.76 0.36

3:1 error 4:1 error 5:1 error power (W)


23.71 3.07 28.12 0.02 30.17 1.22 50
32.45 3.29 38.43 2.95 40.44 2.63 60
42.65 3.52 47.13 3.73 50.21 0.22 80

50 W
80
Selectivity (%)

60

40

20

0
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH

Column B Column D Column F Column H


9:1
before after
28.5 27.15
79.5
1558.54 1040.88
36.96

18.29
25.58
6.55
2.33

5.66
5.66
1.61

166.13
13.51

279.99 254.59

3.56
22.23

0 0
12.36 12.64
36.38 35.57
5.59 5.71
0.00 0.00
2.86 2.93
4.08 4.18
1.15 1.18
0.40 0.41
0.00 0.00
3.03 3.10
1.01 1.04
0.29 0.30

19.51 19.96
13.39 15.34
45.00
79.07
71.41
30.78 31.48
48.41 49.51

9:1
before after

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0! 100.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00

0.00
#DIV/0! 100.00

#DIV/0! 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00

35.98 0.57 90

19.74 0.31 85

22.50 4.15 80

5.65 0.09 75

70
24.13 2.28
65
1.58 0.03
60
1.32 0.02
Conversion (%)

55
3.07 0.05
50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Row 123 Row 124 Row 125

Power (W)

3:1 4:1 5:1


Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ 60W

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 100 uL


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 60 W (Metex)

1st trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
before after before after before after
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 72.05 105.73
8.42 1062.51 786.45 1085.78 802.73
16.23 175.07 122.52
25.53
25.66
29.40 10.00 22.54
42.13
42.98 3.64 4.35
43.77
44.88 10.22 10.05
51.25
53.31
TCD 100.92 106.91 100.74 117.00
4.40 108.09 117
5.55 20.21
5.72
8.39 171.30 147.23 181.30 123.83
mol CH4 (TCD) 0 0 0 0
V (kV) 3.20 3.20
I (mA) 23.37 19.94
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 #DIV/0! 0.00 21.57 21.57 23.43 23.43
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 30.13 34.78 36.34 40.51
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 50.97 50.97 26.39 26.39
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 3.08 3.08 5.13 5.13
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 1.21 1.21 1.07 1.07
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 10.55 10.55 7.67 7.67
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 15.33 13.28 13.76 12.34
5.55 0.00 15.19 0.00
5.72
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 14.05 38.32 31.70 49.98
power (Watt)
RMS 0.00 74.81 63.79
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 87.38 87.38 63.69 63.69
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 44.33 40.22 25.99 24.57

report
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
CH4 conv. #DIV/0! 32.45 3.29 38.43 2.95
H2 #DIV/0! 24.21 4.08 23.05 4.18
CO #DIV/0! 35.57 3.79 33.42 4.13
CO2 #DIV/0! 10.97 2.57 6.39 2.29
C2 #DIV/0! 23.08 2.29 25.13 2.29
C3 #DIV/0! 1.21 0.00 1.60 0.76
C4 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3OH #DIV/0! 10.55 0.00 7.67 0.00

60 W
80
Selectivity (%)

60

40

20

0
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH

Column D Column F Column H


Synthesis
e @ 60W

5:1 9:1
before after before after
0 0 0 0
112.36
1244.5 801.33
73.74

22.49

5.21

102.19 107.14
107.14
16.1

211.30 164.43
0 0
3.64
23.74

#DIV/0!

0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
22.66 22.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
38.59 42.30 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
14.46 14.46 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.66 4.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3.62 3.62 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

11.87 10.82 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


12.10

49.89 60.08 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


45.00 45.00
86.29 0.00
74.46 71.41
45.40 45.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
30.85 28.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

5:1 9:1
40.44 2.63 #DIV/0!
21.35 4.17 #DIV/0!
32.66 4.14 #DIV/0!
4.46 1.14 #DIV/0!
24.66 3.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
3.62 0.00 n.a.
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ 80W

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 100 υL


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 80 W (Metex)

1st trial
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1
before after before after before after
mol CH4 (FID) 0 0 0 0
5.79 59.66 105.73
8.42 1042.51 600.21 1085.78 562.73
16.23 166.23 122.52
25.53 5.87
25.66
29.40 13.71 22.58
42.13
42.98 4.60 4.35
43.77
44.88 5.05
51.25 2.17
53.31 3.59
TCD 100.92 105.91 101.24 104.45
4.40 121.57 117
5.55 20.21
5.72
8.39 171.30 107.57 181.3 103.83
mol CH4 (TCD) 0 0 0 0
V (kV) 2.78 3.20
I (mA) 25.82 19.94
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0
5.79 #DIV/0! 0.00 12.27 15.62 19.26 24.01
8.42 #DIV/0! 100.00 45.14 40.16 49.77 44.49
16.23 #DIV/0! 0.00 33.23 42.31 21.70 27.05
25.53 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 1.44
25.66 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 2.90 3.69 4.22 5.27
42.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! 0.00 1.05 1.34 0.88 1.10
43.77 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.17 3.95
51.25 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.57
53.31 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.95
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! 0.00 11.51 12.94 10.05 11.24
5.55 0.00 15.19 0.00
5.72
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 37.20 54.94 42.73 58.06
power (Watt)
RMS 0.00 71.81 63.79
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total #DIV/0! 0.00 49.44 62.95 51.59 64.33
H total #DIV/0! 0.00 14.38 16.59 18.01 21.17

report 2.5 : 1 3:1 4:1


CH4 conv. #DIV/0! 45.14 40.16 49.77 44.49
H2 #DIV/0! 11.51 12.94 10.05 11.24
CO #DIV/0! 12.27 15.62 19.26 24.01
CO2 #DIV/0! 33.23 42.31 21.70 27.05
C2 #DIV/0! 2.90 3.69 4.22 5.27
C3 #DIV/0! 1.05 1.34 0.88 1.10
C4 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 1.21 1.51
CH3OH #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 3.17 3.95
statistical calculation
× error × error × error
CH4 conv. 42.65 3.52 47.13 3.73
H2 22.22 4.17 20.64 4.16
CO 43.94 4.34 41.63 2.48
CO2 11.77 3.33 9.37 2.55
C2 23.29 2.36 24.74 2.30
C3 1.20 0.20 0.99 0.15
C4 0.00 0.00 1.36 0.21
CH3OH 0.00 0.00 3.56 0.55

80 W
80
Selectivity (%)

60

40

20

0
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH

Column D Column F Column H


Synthesis
@ 80W

5:1 9:1
before after before after
0 0 0 0
129.24
1215.58 608.13
67.1
9.14

16.19

21.61

7.45

102.19 103.00
146.75
16.1

211.30 106.37
0 0
3.15
23.46

#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21.26 22.91 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
50.37 50.06 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10.73 11.56 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
1.63 1.75 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2.73 2.95 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3.95 4.26 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.22 4.55 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

12.45 12.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


12.10

74.81 79.94 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


45.00 45.00
73.88 0.00
74.46 71.41
44.53 47.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
34.22 35.09 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

5:1 9:1
50.37 50.06 #DIV/0!
12.45 12.53 #DIV/0!
21.26 22.91 #DIV/0!
10.73 11.56 #DIV/0!
2.73 2.95 #DIV/0!
3.95 4.26 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
4.22 4.55 n.a.

× error × error
50.21 0.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
22.29 3.86 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
38.09 2.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9.15 2.89 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
22.84 2.28 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.10 0.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.39 0.23 0.00 0.00
Experiment of Methanol Sy
CH4 and O2 ratio variable @ same flow r

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 100 υL


flow rate 40 mL/min mole sample 0 mol

50 Watt
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
mol CH4 (FID) 46.83 44.62
5.79 92.41
8.42 1203.21 1016.53
16.23 62.14
25.53
25.66
29.40
42.13
42.98
43.77
45.59 4.74
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 39.25
5.55 32.2
5.72
8.39 203.23 165.44
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.28
I (mA) 21.93
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.79 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 38.10 36.49 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 19.50 22.43 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16.23 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 24.91 23.86 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.13 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
43.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
45.59 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 6.73 6.45 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
51.25 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
53.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 11.65 11.16 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.55
5.72

power (Watt) 50.00


RMS 0.00 71.95 0.00
integration
C total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 69.73 66.80 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 30.02 28.76 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

60 Watt
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
FID 42.08 45.08 48.06 45.8
5.79 108.79 108.24
8.42 1152.07 852.24 1108.5 894.78
16.23 67.72 70.28
25.53
25.66
29.40 36.78 11.31
42.13
42.98
43.77
45.59 2.87 7.14
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 49.61 52.59
5.55 32.5 28.87
5.72
8.39 206.27 145.97 211.17 171.36
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.48 3.48
I (mA) 19.73 21.21
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 0 0
5.79 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 49.50 44.14 40.95 40.73
8.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 20.75 24.19 23.07 22.66
16.23 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 29.96 26.72 25.85 25.71
25.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 17.18 15.32 4.39 4.37
42.13 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
45.59 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.51 4.02 9.31 9.26
51.25 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 16.24 14.49 14.32 14.24
5.55
5.72

power 60.00
RMS 68.70
integration
C total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 101.14 90.20 80.51 80.08
H total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 33.64 30.00 26.93 26.78

80 Watt
CH4 : O2 2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
before after before after before after
FID 48.78 44.62
5.79 201.27
8.42 1152.07 806.69
16.23 104.97
25.53
25.66
29.40 32.71
42.13
42.98
43.77
45.59 3.38
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 127.55
5.55
5.72
8.39 203.23 144.88
power (RMS)
V (kV) 3.58
I (mA) 22.23
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.79 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 45.14 49.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 35.94 34.79 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16.23 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 22.89 24.96 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 7.53 8.21 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.13 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
43.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
45.59 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.61 2.85 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
51.25 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
53.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
TCD
4.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 20.59 22.45 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

power 80.00
RMS 79.58
integration
C total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 78.18 85.24 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 28.85 31.46 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

report
2.5 : 1 3:1 3.5 : 1
CH4 conv. #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 20.97 2.07 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 11.40 0.35 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 37.29 4.19 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 14.39 4.16 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 24.32 4.39 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C3 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C4 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 6.59 0.20 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.00 3:1 3.5 : 1


CH4 conv. #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 22.47 2.43 22.87 0.29
H2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 15.37 1.24 14.28 0.05
CO #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 36.82 2.54 40.84 0.16
CO2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 18.34 4.32 25.78 0.10
C2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 26.25 4.20 24.38 2.28
C3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.26 0.34 9.29 0.04

0.00 3:1 3.5 : 1


CH4 conv. #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 35.37 0.82 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 21.52 1.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 37.18 2.43 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 13.92 4.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 17.87 3.14 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.73 0.17 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

3:1 error 4:1 error 5:1 error power (W) 90


20.97 2.07 21.18 0.85 23.83 0.74 50 85
22.47 2.43 23.40 0.56 27.62 0.64 60 80
35.37 0.82 38.41 1.25 40.01 0.88 80 75
70
65
50 W
60
Conversion (%)

80
55
50
Selectivity (%)

60
45
40 40
35
20 30
25
0 20
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH 15
70
65
50 W
60

Conversion (%)
80
55
50
Selectivity (%)
60
45
40 40
35
20 30
25
0 20
H2 CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH 15
10
Column D Column H Column J
5
0
60 W Row 196
80
Selectivity (%)

60

40

20

0
Row 177 Row 178 Row 179 Row 180 Row 181 Row 182 Row 183

Column D Column H Column J

80 W
80
Selectivity (%)

60

40

20

0
Row 187 Row 188 Row 189 Row 190 Row 191 Row 192 Row 193

Column D Column H Column J


periment of Methanol Synthesis
2
ratio variable @ same flow rate of 40 ml/min

50 Watt
4:1 5:1 9:1 1:0
before after before after before after before
40.29 44.2 31.82 28.38
104.17 92.86
1286.74 931.54 1293.62 1097
51.46 47.51

10.41 17.64

4.31 5.24

38.28 42.25
26.8 22.12

221.62 158.01 230.05 197.79

3.24 3.32
22.44 20.73

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


43.82 44.74 26.70 29.20 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
20.58 21.78 24.35 23.30 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21.04 21.49 13.28 14.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4.49 4.59 5.21 5.70 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6.25 6.38 5.19 5.68 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

11.59 11.83 8.74 9.56 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


50.00 50.00 45.00
72.68 68.91 0.00

75.61 77.20 50.38 55.10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


32.80 33.49 26.58 29.08 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

60 Watt
4:1 5:1 9:1 1:0
before after before after before after before
47.39 45.2 45.86 40.86
108.7 105.23
1286.74 1027.95 1286.39 1038.47
71.34 61.15

20.13 17.59

5.26 4.40

67.55 63.08
26.8 22.08

221.62 178.88 228.62 186.88

3.43 3.49
21.92 20.56

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


34.38 38.43 26.36 28.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
23.80 23.01 28.08 27.17 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21.94 24.53 14.89 16.12 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6.54 7.31 4.53 4.90 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.73 6.41 3.80 4.11 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

15.38 17.19 11.37 12.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


60.00
75.25

68.59 76.68 49.57 53.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


26.01 29.08 18.57 20.09 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

80 Watt
4:1 5:1 9:1 1:0
before after before after before after before
48.85 45.2 43.61 40.86
204.86 189.03
1286.74 868.79 1293.62 836.88
94.1 64.47

57.18 57.17

13.56

3.68 5.04

171.01 154.38
22.12

221.62 145.39 230.05 145.78

3.50E+00
2.16E+01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


39.86 41.14 35.29 35.81 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
37.52 39.30 39.39 40.63 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
17.80 18.37 11.70 11.88 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11.43 11.79 10.96 11.12 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 2.81 2.86 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2.47 2.54 3.24 3.29 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
23.95 24.71 20.75 21.05 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

80.00
75.62

71.56 73.84 64.01 64.96 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


34.98 36.10 34.08 34.59 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

4:1 5:1 9:1


21.18 0.85 23.83 0.74 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11.71 0.17 9.15 0.58 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
34.28 2.29 29.95 1.45 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11.27 4.14 13.90 0.88 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
24.54 2.28 25.45 2.82 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
6.31 0.09 5.44 0.34 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

4:1 5:1 9:1


23.40 0.56 27.62 0.64 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16.28 1.28 11.84 0.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
36.41 4.42 35.44 1.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
13.23 4.26 15.50 0.87 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
23.92 4.04 24.71 2.28 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6.07 0.48 3.96 0.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

4:1 5:1 9:1


38.41 1.25 40.01 0.88 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
24.33 0.54 20.90 0.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
35.50 2.23 34.55 4.15 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
12.09 8.49 11.79 0.12 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21.61 2.15 21.04 4.14 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 2.83 0.03 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2.50 0.06 3.26 0.03 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

90
85
80
75
70
65
60
Conversion (%)

55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
70
65
60

Conversion (%)
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Row 196 Row 197 Row 198

Power (W)

3:1 4:1 5:1


1:0 4:1
after before after
49.53 44.35
215.39
1139.6 898.48
149.06

41.68

9.85

154.75
30.57 10.33

197.24 21.78

2.87
24.03

0 0 0
0 0 0

#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 58.47 20.51
#DIV/0! 29.39 90.11
#DIV/0! 39.34 13.80
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 11.62 4.08
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 9.21 3.23
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 30.24 10.61


43.00
0.00 69.01

118.65 41.62
#DIV/0! 78.40 27.50

1:0 3:1
after before after

0 0 0
0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00


50.00
0.00

0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00

1:0 3:1
after before after
42.34 44.36
298.43
1142.38 549.95
124.41

85.90

33.07

9.89

345.46
28.88 14.63

198.50 93.78

3.27
22.96

0 0 0
0 0 0

#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 81.01 28.42
#DIV/0! 49.56 50.50
#DIV/0! 32.84 11.52
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 23.95 8.40
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 9.98 3.50
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 9.25 3.25
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 67.50 23.68

80.00
75.03

157.03 55.08
#DIV/0! 168.86 59.23
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
products stability

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 µl


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 40 W (Metex)
CH4 : O2 4 : 1 v/v
non catalystic process
mins 15 75 135
before after before after before after
FID 30.27 27.97 30.16 27.74 30.16 27.72
5.79 35.08 35.08 36.1
8.42 1421.45 1397.32 1421.45 1397.32 1421.45 1405.38
16.23 22.06 22.06 21.76
25.53
25.66 9.70 9.70 9.31
29.40 17.78 17.78 16.81
42.13 4.17 4.17 4.01
42.98 4.15 4.15 4.77
43.77
44.88 15.03 15.03 7.59
51.25 6.09
53.31
TCD
4.40 22.41 22.41 20.54
5.55 26.3 26.3 26.3
5.72
8.39 251.45 247.54 251.45 247.54 251.45 246.84
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 21.00 34.31 19.93 31.54 21.53 35.20
8.42 9.16 5.61 9.61 6.07 9.15 5.60
16.23 12.84 20.97 12.19 19.28 12.62 20.63
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 5.84 9.54 5.55 8.78 5.58 9.13
29.40 10.94 17.86 10.38 16.42 10.30 16.84
42.13 2.83 4.63 2.69 4.25 2.71 4.43
42.98 2.76 4.51 2.62 4.14 3.16 5.17
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 31.01 50.65 29.43 46.57 15.61 25.52
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.18 6.83
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 10.45 17.07 9.97 15.77 9.59 15.68
5.55 19.76 19.76 19.76
5.72
8.39 9.03 10.16 9.48 10.60 9.79 10.92
power (Watt)
RMS 0.00 0.00 0.00
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total 87.23 142.47 82.79 131.00 75.68 123.74
H total 56.31 91.98 53.50 84.65 42.24 69.06

flow rate 15 mL/min sample volume 100.00 µl


power 80 W mole sample 0 mol
CH4 : O2 8.3 : 1.7 v/v

3% Fe/Al2O3
mins no-catal no-catal 10
before after before after before after
FID
5.79 9.1 9.1 26.41
8.42 1564.15 868.07 1581.79 868.07 1516.03 512.35
16.23
25.53 44.72 44.72 17.72
25.66
29.40 195.92 195.92 137.26
42.13 15.33 15.33
42.98 103.65 103.65 71.75
43.77
44.88
51.25 38.78 38.78 23.58
53.31 19.82 19.82 14.60
TCD
4.40 408.83 408.83 391.57
5.55 10.66
5.72
8.39 282.87 151.41 281.19 151.41 184.93 90.83
capacitance
V (kV) 2.79 2.79 2.72
I (mA) 29.08 29.08 35.96
power (int.)
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.32 2.67 5.31
8.42 44.50 46.47 45.12 46.15 66.20 50.88
16.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.53 7.05 6.95 6.88 7.04 1.94 3.85
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 29.35 28.92 28.62 29.30 14.26 28.31
42.13 2.54 2.50 2.47 2.53 0.00 0.00
42.98 16.80 16.56 16.39 16.77 8.07 16.01
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
51.25 6.51 6.42 6.35 6.50 2.75 5.45
53.31 3.36 3.31 3.27 3.35 1.71 3.40
TCD
4.40 42.92 42.30 41.86 42.85 28.51 56.60
5.55
5.72
8.39
power 80.00 75.00 79.00
RMS 81.08 81.08 97.74
integration
C total 66.93 65.97 65.28 66.82 31.39 62.33
H total 85.75 84.52 83.63 85.61 47.85 95.01

report
CH4 conv. 8.49 8.94 8.86
H2 13.76 12.87 12.64
CO 27.65 25.74 28.37
CO2 16.91 15.74 16.62
C2 14.40 13.40 13.57
C3 7.36 6.85 7.73
C4 0.00 0.00 5.51
CH3OH 40.83 38.00 20.56
Synthesis
y

before after before after

#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
45.00 45.00
0.00 0.00
75.03 74.46
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

3% Fe/Al2O3
70 130 190
before after before after before after

67.52 24.42 7.37


1516.03 589.8 1516.03 690.94 1516.03 741.57

26.37 47.63

136.95 172.43 180.19


14.51
61.39 85.25 96.64

17.32 30.25 33.21


9.69 19.83 16.24

434.54 350.16 371.74

273.44 100.99 273.44 119.15 273.44 128.54

2.71 2.79 2.70


32.07 29.83 30.42

0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0
7.40 7.40 3.01 2.99 0.97 0.96
61.10 63.07 54.42 56.43 51.08 52.99
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 3.51 3.49 6.75 6.72
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15.42 15.41 21.79 21.69 24.26 24.13
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.16 2.15
7.48 7.48 11.66 11.60 14.08 14.01
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.19 2.18 4.28 4.26 5.01 4.99
1.23 1.23 2.83 2.82 2.47 2.46

34.28 34.27 31.01 30.87 35.08 34.90

80.00 81.00 80.00


86.85 83.23 82.16

33.71 33.70 47.08 46.86 55.70 55.41


52.97 52.95 60.45 60.17 70.46 70.10

#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! n.a.
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
catalyst effects

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 µl


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 40 W (Metex)
CH4 : O2 4 : 1 v/v
1st
catalyst blank 5% Ni/YSZ 3% Fe/Al2O3
before after before after before after
FID 29.27 27.97 29.54 27.12 29.32 26.67
5.79 28.3 54.16 87.36
8.42 1376.13 1240.43 1398.11 1296.13 1370.7 1316.22
16.23 16.19 53.3 24.09
25.53
25.66 12.04 12.50 12.07
29.40 8.33 17.67 22.02
42.13 2.96 3.36
42.98 5.19 2.29
43.77
44.88 8.17 15.52 9.35
51.25 5.23
53.31
TCD
4.40 12.01 49.52 33.93
5.55 24.98 24.87 25.3
5.72
8.39 244.76 247.54 246.32 228.11 246.16 220.89
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV)
I (mA)
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 11.58 12.03 19.82 22.67 37.29 37.82
8.42 13.86 13.34 14.90 13.02 12.65 12.48
16.23 6.44 6.69 18.96 21.69 10.00 10.14
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 4.96 5.15 4.60 5.26 5.19 5.26
29.40 3.50 3.64 6.64 7.59 9.65 9.79
42.13 1.37 1.43 0.00 0.00 1.63 1.65
42.98 2.36 2.45 0.00 0.00 1.09 1.10
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 11.53 11.97 19.57 22.39 13.75 13.94
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.57 2.60
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 3.70 3.85 14.21 16.25 11.46 11.62
5.55 18.77 18.69 19.01
5.72
8.39 3.35 7.10 14.99 17.76 18.37 21.09
power (Watt) 36.00 40.00 35.00
RMS 0.00 0.00 0.00
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total 41.75 43.36 69.58 79.61 81.16 82.31
H total 22.83 23.71 41.06 46.97 38.46 39.00

catalyst blank no treatment He (400oC 2h)


before after before after before after
FID 49.94 60.6 63.54 61.53 61.65 61.53
5.79 172.47 136.86 131.03
8.42 1209.19 739.93 1218.6 953.16 1191.67 861.58
16.23 95.77 95.13 81.58
25.53
25.66
29.40 64.76 27.28 23.78
42.13
42.98 20.06
43.77
44.88 52.21 20.53 38.05
51.25
53.31 18.89
TCD
4.40 166.03 96.66 92.26
5.55 25.75 25.93 24.2
5.72 7.77 7.16 8.37
8.39 208.19 123.73 210.91 162.69 210.49 150.61
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 68.22 68.10 45.54 46.95 40.04 41.09
8.42 25.76 27.89 24.25 25.30 27.83 28.58
16.23 21.47 19.82 30.78 31.73 24.24 24.87
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 15.33 14.16 9.32 9.61 7.46 7.66
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 5.14 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 41.49 38.31 5.89 6.07 10.02 10.28
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 0.00 0.00 7.30 7.52 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 14.19 17.03 16.33 14.17 13.80
5.55 19.48 18.18
5.72
8.39 40.57 61.12 25.30 38.12 28.58 40.96
power 75.00
RMS 0.00
integration
C total 151.65 145.13 98.81 101.88 81.75 83.90
H total 56.41 66.28 51.51 34.31 43.95 29.82

temperat
catalyst 1% Fe/YSZ
time peak
dT 7.1 7.1
1 0 69.0802
2 7.1 69.3602
3 14.2 69.3602
4 21.3 69.1737
5 28.4 69.2450
6 35.5 69.6200
7 42.6 69.1184
8 49.7 69.5146
9 56.8 69.3654
10 63.9 70.1489
11 71 70.3248
12 78.1

calculation
1 0 0.0177
2 7.1 0.0137
3 14.2 0.0137
4 21.3 0.0164
5 28.4 0.0154
6 35.5 0.0100
7 42.6 0.0172
8 49.7 0.0115
9 56.8 0.0136
10 63.9 0.0025
11 71 0.0000
12 78.1 0.0000

temp (oC) 400.00


total flow (ml/min) 6.20
O2 flow (ml/min) 3.40
H2 flow (ml/min) 0.00
He flow (ml/min) 2.80

Oxidation 400oC
0.02
0.02
Intensity (a.u.)

0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Oxidation 400oC
0.02
0.02
Intensity (a.u.) 0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Time (min)

rep
CH4 conv. 9.41 15.17 16.15
H2 3.78 15.23 11.54
CO 11.81 21.24 37.56
CO2 6.57 20.33 10.07
C2 3.57 7.12 9.72
C3 3.81 0.00 2.73
C4 0.00 0.00 2.59
CH3OH 11.75 20.98 13.85
hanol Synthesis
ffects

1st trial
1% Pt/Al2O3 YSZ (TOSOH) 5% Ni/Al2O3
before after before after before after before
29.48 26.22 60.66 63.25
13.77 270.77
1359.31 1322.46 1208.52 454.44
113.05 74.78

6.72 102.76
13.57
7.60
4.43

9.27 45.46
18.89
11.10

5.5 404.89
24.78 25.1
12.98
241.80 229.37 209.63 75.03

3.15
21.98

#DIV/0! 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0 0

0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.39 5.18 39.01 40.60 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
13.49 14.03 60.80 62.68 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
43.03 41.35 10.48 10.90 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2.65 2.54 14.90 15.50 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.46 5.24 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3.38 3.24 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
1.93 1.85 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
12.51 12.02 5.64 5.87 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 3.13 3.26 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 1.86 1.93 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

1.74 1.68 28.46 27.60 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


18.62 18.86
15.65 19.90 62.68 69.28 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
35.00 80.00 45.00
0.00 69.17 0.00
75.03 71.41
74.33 71.43 75.01 78.07 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
24.94 23.97 73.13 44.47 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

1%Fe/30%Hf/YSZ
He + O2 (400 C 1h)
o
He + O2 + H2 (400oC 1h) He (75W 2h) He + O2 (50 W 2h)
before after before after before after before
58.33 61.53 57.16 61.45 56.12 60.61 58.52
131.98 123.99 190.09
1191.67 906.13 1218.6 885.46 1218.05 734.02 1194.43
77.7 84.74 87.1

21.65 22.72 54.62

11.37

14.63 136.29 18.62

87.04 76.54 164.15


24.2 25.46 25.53 26.93
8.81 7.69 8.61
210.49 158.66 209.65 151.30 206.64 123.08 204.28
3
3.36
26.84

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
59.94 61.02 50.74 53.59 49.02 52.64 59.41
19.79 20.49 21.89 22.42 34.91 35.67 30.84
34.31 34.93 33.71 35.61 21.84 23.45 27.05
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.10 10.28 9.55 10.09 14.47 15.53 19.45
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.26 3.50 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.73 5.83 48.05 50.76 4.14 4.44 3.42
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

18.80 18.16 14.94 14.59 20.09 19.67 23.72


18.18 19.13 19.18 20.24

20.49 34.27 22.42 36.12 35.67 47.79 32.13


79.00
90.24

110.07 112.05 142.06 150.04 92.72 99.57 109.33


50.89 31.70 85.11 72.91 57.34 38.09 65.45

temperature program
He + O2 (50 W 2h)
time peak time peak time

10.05 626.22 4.32 570.12 5.33


16.06 625.88 10.33 547.98 5.59
22.07 625.48 16.33 549.55 13.59
28.07 624.72 22.34 535.22 21.58
640.74 28.35 516.17 29.58
642.09 34.35 515.93 37.60
639.06 40.02 516.45 45.59
6.41E+02 4.64E+01 5.16E+02 53.60
643.39 52.36 514.33 61.61
647.49 58.37 515.09 69.61
645.06 64.37 514.35 77.63
642.72 70.37 535.65 85.63
645.46 76.37 502.76 93.63
646.51 101.65
649.36 109.65
642.76 117.66
652.68 0
646.43 8.00
646.45 15.99
6.50E+02 2.40E+01
6.51E+02 32.01
652.24 40.01
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 48.01
56.02
6.40E+01
72.04
80.04
88.04
400.00 400.00 96.06
10.00 10.00 104.06
6.10 0.00 112.07
0.00 6.00 120.00
3.90 4.00

Oxidation 50W
0.06

0.05
Intensity (a.u.)

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01
Oxidation 50W
0.06

0.05

Intensity (a.u.)
0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Time (min)

report
15.77 65.98 #DIV/0!
1.71 28.03 #DIV/0!
5.29 39.81 #DIV/0!
42.19 10.69 #DIV/0!
5.35 0.00 #DIV/0!
5.20 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 5.09 #DIV/0!
12.26 n.a. n.a.
after before after

#DIV/0!

100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00

0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00


0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00

0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00


0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00

0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00


100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00

He + O2 (50 W 2h) He + O2 + H2 (50 W 2h) He+O2 (500oC 2h) He+O2 (600oC 2h)
after before after before after before after
63.03 57.2 59.78 54.87 63.02 57.39 59.59
200.15 190.61 197.85 190.81
766.95 1223.61 757.12 1223.66 716.9 1223.66 772.24
93.72 92.12 85.29 93.03

63.82 61.79 61.09 62.67

13.39 12.42 28.49 17.10

171.17 166.47 162.41 166.18


25.76 25.63 26.04
9.85 9.2 6.49 83.83
128.73 210.17 128.27 208.08 120.31 208.24 131.96

3.39 3.42 3.44 3.42


25.74 25.35 26.94 25.04

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
62.07 46.77 49.45 57.65 61.45 47.70 52.59
32.13 35.34 36.22 32.71 33.59 34.46 34.19
28.26 21.98 23.23 24.16 25.75 22.61 24.93
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
20.32 15.57 16.46 18.28 19.48 16.09 17.74
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.58 2.63 2.78 7.15 7.62 3.68 4.06
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22.77 20.13 19.64 21.22 20.66 20.61 20.77


19.36 19.26 19.56

45.55 36.22 47.36 33.59 45.73 34.19 46.18


80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
87.18 86.77 92.67 85.74

114.23 86.94 91.92 107.25 114.31 90.09 99.32


41.59 54.57 34.76 63.31 42.90 56.97 38.14

He + O2 (50 W 2h) He + O2 + H2 (50 W 2h)


peak time peak
0.00 0.00
23.47 4.37 553.74 6.55 0.03
31.97 10.47 556.14 15.71 0.02
63.65 16.58 557.96 24.87 0.02
62.42 22.68 559.35 34.02 0.02
63.70 28.79 558.07 43.18 0.02
64.72 34.89 560.15 52.33 0.02
64.23 40.99 562.43 61.49 0.01
65.33 47.10 563.42 70.64 0.01
64.87 53.20 563.85 79.80 0.01
65.04 59.30 559.03 88.95 0.02
65.23 65.41 560.87 98.12 0.02
65.02 71.51 564.45 107.27 0.01
65.23 77.62 567.36 116.43 0.01
65.24 83.72 570.23 125.58 0.00
66.33
66.13
0.00 0.03
0.04 0.07
0.06 0.08
0.04 0.06
0.02 0.05
0.03 0.06
0.02 #DIV/0! 0.04
0.02 0.05
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 1.86 28.83 0.04
0.02 50.00 53.59 0.04
0.00 10.00 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.03
0.00 6.00 0.03
4.00

Reduction 50W
0.03

0.03
Intensity (a.u.)

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01
Reduction 50W
0.03

0.03

Intensity (a.u.)
0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0
0 90 100 110 120 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Time (min)
120.00
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst effects

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 µl


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 50 W (Metex)
CH4 : O2 4 : 1 v/v

catalyst blank He; 400oC He; 75W


before after before after before after
FID 29.27 27.97 29.54 27.12 29.32 26.67
5.79 181.62 167.15 253.98
8.42 1376.13 1035.09 1398.11 1099.17 1370.7 980.83
16.23 88.07 104.08 116.38
25.53
25.66 12.04 12.50 12.07
29.40 24.39 18.09 22.02
42.13 6.47 3.36
42.98 8.94 11.75
43.77
44.88 48.32 48.55 9.35
51.25 2.53 5.23
53.31 3.44
TCD
4.40 112.05 92.27 164.11
5.55 24.98 24.87 25.3
5.72
8.39 244.76 185.10 246.32 194.65 246.16 177.14
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 45.54 48.33 40.04 42.88 49.02 51.35
8.42 28.12 27.73 27.83 27.46 34.91 34.54
16.23 21.47 22.78 24.24 25.96 21.84 22.88
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 3.04 3.22 3.01 3.23 2.34 2.46
29.40 6.28 6.66 4.45 4.77 4.36 4.57
42.13 1.84 1.95 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.77
42.98 2.49 2.64 0.00 0.00 2.52 2.64
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 10.44 11.08 10.02 10.73 1.55 1.63
51.25 0.73 0.77 0.00 0.00 1.16 1.22
53.31 1.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 17.03 17.27 14.17 14.36 20.09 20.30
5.55 18.77 18.69 19.01
5.72
8.39 27.73 30.53 27.46 29.82 34.54 36.72
power (Watt) 36.00 40.00 35.00
RMS 0.00 0.00 0.00
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total 92.83 98.51 81.76 87.55 83.54 87.51
H total 54.70 56.44 43.20 44.64 49.08 49.93

catalyst blank no heat blower heater


before after before after before after
FID 29.27 27.97 45.76 43.17 45.76 43.28
CO 181.62 390.64 228.59
CH4 1376.13 1035.09 2562.72 1383.07 2639.83 1752.46
CO2 88.07 180.97 245.3
C2H2
C2H4 12.04
C2H6 24.39 135.08 115.63
C3H6 6.47
C3H8 8.94
C3H4
CH3OH 48.32 38.08 36.81
n-C4H10 2.53
i-C4H10 3.44
TCD
H2 112.05 186.03 80.7
O2 24.98 14.4 14.4
CO 5.82 3.05
CH4 244.76 185.10 142.63 73.25 142.63 93.96
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.79 45.54 48.33 28.98 29.56 21.77 23.72
8.42 28.12 27.73 49.08 51.54 37.20 37.68
16.23 21.47 22.78 14.12 14.40 24.57 26.77
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 3.04 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.40 6.28 6.66 10.38 10.59 11.41 12.43
42.13 1.84 1.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
42.98 2.49 2.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
44.88 10.44 11.08 39.08 39.87 48.51 52.85
51.25 0.73 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
53.31 1.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 17.03 17.27 26.02 24.77 14.89 14.70
O2 18.77 16.79 16.79
CO
8.39 27.73 30.53 51.54 59.02 37.68 47.30
power 80.00
RMS 0.00
integration
C total 92.83 98.51 92.56 94.43 106.26 115.78
H total 37.36 38.84 72.88 72.58 71.95 76.87

catalyst blank ICI incipient


time peak
FID 29.27 27.97
0.00 181.6233
8.42 1376.13 1035.0881
0.00 88.0672
25.53 0.0000
25.66 12.0359
29.40 24.3892
42.13 6.4704
42.98 8.9365
43.77 0.0000
44.88 48.3219
51.25 2.5293
53.31 3.4363
TCD
4.40
0.00
0.00
8.39
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0
I (mA) 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0
0.00 45.54 #DIV/0!
8.42 28.12 #DIV/0!
0.00 18.08 18.34
25.53 0.00 0.00
25.66 2.56 2.59
29.40 5.29 5.36
42.13 1.55 1.57
42.98 2.10 2.13
43.77 0.00 0.00
44.88 35.17 35.66
51.25 0.61 0.62
53.31 0.84 0.85
TCD
4.40
0.00
0.00
8.39
power (Watt)
RMS
integration
C total
H total

rep
CH4 conv. 28.53 28.14 35.18
H2 17.15 14.27 20.20
CO 46.93 41.46 50.19
CO2 22.13 25.10 22.36
C2 6.47 4.61 4.47
C3 4.46 0.00 3.33
C4 1.78 0.00 1.19
CH3OH 10.76 10.37 1.59
hanol Synthesis
atalyst effects

ICI
O2; 400oC O2; 50W H2; 400oC
before after before after before after before
29.48 26.22 30.66 26.25 29.88 27
163.7 270.77
1359.31 1226.13 1208.52 976.46 1396.26 1206.74
113.05 74.78

6.72 102.76
13.57
7.60
4.43

9.27 45.46
18.89
11.10

5.5 404.89
24.78 25.1
12.98
241.80 219.11 209.63 168.38 248.68 214.92

3.15
21.98

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
54.94 58.58 63.14 66.86 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
19.79 19.42 30.84 31.25 21.89 21.89 #DIV/0!
36.89 39.33 16.95 17.96 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
2.27 2.42 24.11 25.53 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
4.68 4.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
2.89 3.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
1.65 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
2.68 2.86 9.13 9.67 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 5.07 5.37 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 0.00 3.00 3.18 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!

1.19 1.21 56.11 55.38 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!


18.62 18.86 0.00 0.00
19.42 23.48 31.25 43.40 21.89 23.71 #DIV/0!
35.00 80.00 45.00
0.00 69.17 0.00
75.03 71.41
106.00 113.02 121.41 128.57 0.00 0.00
12.73 13.46 138.45 138.53 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0!

BASF

before after before after before after before

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


79.00
0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

[metal] Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
[Ni] [Fe] [Y] He + O2 (50 W 2h)
time peak time peak time

10.05 626.22 4.32 570.12 5.33


16.06 625.88 10.33 547.98 5.59
22.07 625.48 16.33 549.55 13.59
28.07 624.72 22.34 535.22 21.58
640.74 28.35 516.17 29.58
642.09 34.35 515.93 37.60
639.06 40.02 516.45 45.59
6.41E+02 4.64E+01 5.16E+02 53.60
643.39 52.36 514.33 61.61
647.49 58.37 515.09 69.61
645.06 64.37 514.35 77.63
642.72 70.37 535.65 85.63
645.46 76.37 502.76 93.63
646.51 101.65
649.36 109.65
642.76 117.66
652.68 0
646.43 8.00
646.45 15.99
6.50E+02 2.40E+01
6.51E+02 32.01
652.24 40.01
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 48.01
56.02
6.40E+01
72.04
80.04
88.04
400.00 400.00 96.06
10.00 10.00 104.06
6.10 0.00 112.07
0.00 6.00 120.00
3.90 4.00
report
20.53 37.32 22.35
1.20 55.74 0.00
56.76 65.00 0.00
38.11 17.46 0.00
4.83 0.00 0.00
4.69 0.00 0.00
0.00 8.31 0.00
2.77 n.a. n.a.
ICI
after before after
30.01 28.07

1387.56 1107.79

246.99 198.19

0 0 0
0 0 0

#DIV/0! 0 0
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 25.34 24.96
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00


0.00
#DIV/0! 24.96 27.21

0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 0.00

after before after before after before after

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

He + O2 (50 W 2h) He + O2 + H2 (50 W 2h)


peak time peak
0.00 0.00
23.47 4.37 553.74 6.55 0.03
31.97 10.47 556.14 15.71 0.02
63.65 16.58 557.96 24.87 0.02
62.42 22.68 559.35 34.02 0.02
63.70 28.79 558.07 43.18 0.02
64.72 34.89 560.15 52.33 0.02
64.23 40.99 562.43 61.49 0.01
65.33 47.10 563.42 70.64 0.01
64.87 53.20 563.85 79.80 0.01
65.04 59.30 559.03 88.95 0.02
65.23 65.41 560.87 98.12 0.02
65.02 71.51 564.45 107.27 0.01
65.23 77.62 567.36 116.43 0.01
65.24 83.72 570.23 125.58 0.00
66.33
66.13
0.00 0.03
0.04 0.07
0.06 0.08
0.04 0.06
0.02 0.05
0.03 0.06
0.02 #DIV/0! 0.04
0.02 0.05
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 1.86 28.83 0.04
0.02 50.00 53.59 0.04
0.00 10.00 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.03
0.00 6.00 0.03
4.00

Reduction 50W
0.03

0.03
Intensity (a.u.)

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01
Reduction 50W
0.03

0.03

Intensity (a.u.)
0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Time (min)
120.00
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
various catalyst effects

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 µl


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 80 W (Metex)
CH4 : O2 4 : 1 v/v

catalyst blank C 1% Pt/C


before after before after before after
FID 29.27 27.97 43.92 46.69 28.85 27.02
CO 181.62 302.05 341.56
CH4 1376.13 1035.09 2626.55 1649.72 2591.39 1933.95
CO2 88.07 205.79 158.91
C2H2
C2H4 12.04 11.05
C2H6 24.39 110.15 129.08
C3H6 6.47
C3H8 8.94 28.21
C3H4
CH3OH 48.32 38.30 37.05
iC4H10 2.53
nC4H10 3.44
TCD
H2 112.05 103.64 104.92
O2 24.98 15.46 4.29 15 5.1
CO
CH4 244.76 185.10 146.85 90.37 146.64 109.29
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO 45.54 48.33 36.37 37.28 40.53 42.57
CH4 28.12 27.73 33.24 34.59 30.12 30.21
CO2 21.47 22.78 26.06 26.70 19.83 20.83
C2H2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C2H4 3.04 3.22 0.00 0.00 1.45 1.52
C2H6 6.28 6.66 13.74 14.08 15.87 16.67
C3H6 1.84 1.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C3H8 2.49 2.64 3.72 3.81 0.00 0.00
C3H4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH 10.44 11.08 8.44 8.65 8.04 8.45
iC4H10 0.73 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
nC4H10 1.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
H2 17.03 17.27 21.40 20.57 23.91 23.83
O2 18.77 11.62 11.27
CO
CH4 27.73 30.53 34.59 62.27 30.21 59.81
power (Watt) 80.00 80.00 80.00
RMS 0.00 0.00 0.00
integration
C total 92.83 98.51 88.32 90.52 85.71 90.03
H total 54.39 56.11 64.03 62.88 68.49 69.38

catalyst
before after before after before after
FID 49.94 60.6 63.54 61.53 61.65 61.53
CO
8.42
CO2
25.53
25.66
29.40
42.13
42.98
43.77
CH3OH
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40
O2
CO
8.39
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.13 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
43.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
51.25 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
53.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
TCD
4.40 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
O2 0.00 0.00
CO
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00
power 75.00
RMS 0.00
integration
C total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

full
catalyst
time peak
dT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

calculation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
rep
blank C 1% Pt/C Al2O3 (400oC 2h)
CH4 conv. 27.92 33.91 30.17
H2 34.30 41.97 47.75
CO 46.93 36.82 41.55
CO2 22.13 26.38 20.33
C2 9.60 13.91 17.75
C3 4.46 3.76 0.00
C4 1.78 0.00 0.00
CH3OH 10.76 8.54 8.24
C total 95.67 89.42 87.87
H total 55.25 63.46 68.93
hanol Synthesis
yst effects

1st trial
Al2O3 (400 C 2h)
o
3% Ni/Al2O3 3% Co/Al2O3 3% Re/Al2O3 (600oC 2h)
before after before after before after before
44 49.03 20.6 24.73 25.05 26.25 41.82
348.98 306.08 348.16
2588.15 1632.07 2686.52 1394.8 2591.39 1716.03 2631.48
142.72 114.14 139.08

126.29 55.01 133.21


3.36
11.75

44.10 55.01 39.97

112.29 101.86 113.38


14.63 5.08 15.9 15 5.18 15.35

143.29 89.37 142.62 78.02 146.64 96.53 146.50

3.15
21.98

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
49.97 52.47 35.88 44.22 45.50 47.31 36.30
29.73 30.50 37.69 34.35 30.60 31.01 34.47
21.49 22.56 14.07 17.34 19.11 19.87 17.34
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18.74 19.67 6.68 8.24 18.04 18.76 13.27
0.00 0.00 0.44 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 1.51 1.86 0.00 0.00 3.56
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11.55 12.13 11.80 14.54 9.55 9.94 7.11
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25.92 25.27 18.55 20.36 25.43 25.09 20.80


11.00 11.95 11.27 11.53
30.50 60.89 34.35 63.22 31.01 60.27 35.01
35.00 80.00 45.00
0.00 0.00 69.17

101.75 106.83 70.36 86.72 92.21 95.88 77.59


77.45 77.42 55.13 62.93 73.94 74.19 61.03

stability
Al2O3 (600 C 2h)
o
3% Re/Al
before after before after before after before
19.59 21.23 57.16 61.45 56.12 60.61 20.37
355.19
2054.29 1111.65 2517.1
87.2

122.73

49.75

215.48
8.41 13.87

114.77 72.87 141.86


3
3.36
26.84

#REF! #REF! 0 0 0 0 0
#REF! #REF! 0 0 0 0 0

#REF! #REF! 0 0 0 0 0
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 43.18
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 58.08
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 12.62
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 15.17
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 5.10
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00
#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00

#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 19.61


#REF! 0.00 0.00 10.42

#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00 60.05


79.00
90.24

#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 76.08


#REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 55.71

full packed
He + O2 (50 W 2h)
time peak time peak time
report
Al2O3 (400oC 2h) 3% Ni/Al2O3 3% Co/Al2O3 3% Re/Al2O3 (600oC 2h)
30.12 36.02 30.81 34.74
25.59 38.90 50.52 41.27
51.22 40.05 46.41 37.30
22.03 15.70 19.49 17.82
19.21 7.46 18.40 13.64
0.00 2.17 0.00 3.66
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11.84 13.17 9.75 7.30
104.29 78.54 94.04 79.71
77.43 59.03 74.07 61.24
3% Re/Al2O3 (600oC 2h) 3% Pt/Al2O3 TiO2 1% Pt/TiO2
after before after before after before after
42.83 42.63 49.73 39.15 40.12 24.57 29.51
325.15 317.44 337.68 312.07
1683.73 2558.75 1665.34 2558.75 1668.57 2614.66 1703.52
147.71 196.88 147.18 136.68

114.73 120.26 117.87 132.20

29.15 27.28

34.79 50.27 36.05 39.86

104.44 110.56 110.96 118.19


4.65 14.48 4.64 15.69 5.03 14.66 5.52

92.97 144.00 91.10 147.04 91.17 152.56 97.34

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
38.29 59.47 57.91 40.34 38.08 65.18 61.98
35.01 24.07 26.19 33.16 36.45 21.75 23.37
18.29 38.78 37.76 18.49 17.46 30.02 28.55
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14.00 23.34 22.73 14.59 13.77 28.61 27.21
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.76 0.00 0.00 3.57 3.37 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7.49 17.23 16.77 7.88 7.44 15.23 14.48
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20.48 31.53 28.98 22.97 20.90 37.30 34.71


10.88 11.79 11.01
62.61 26.19 58.26 36.45 63.30 23.37 54.09

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

81.82 138.82 135.18 84.86 80.12 139.04 132.22


61.45 97.79 91.77 67.13 61.81 111.29 104.31

3% Re/Al2O3
after before after before after before after
27 57.2 59.78 54.87 63.02 57.39 59.59
469.06
796.04
141.04

160.51

64.28

266.55
7.71

42.75

3.39 3.42 3.44 3.42


25.74 25.35 26.94 25.04

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
137.94 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
60.05 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
40.33 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
48.47 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16.29 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

18.97 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00

77.74 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! 100.00


80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
87.18 86.77 92.67 85.74

243.04 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


71.61 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

He + O2 (50 W 2h) He + O2 + H2 (50 W 2h)


peak time peak
Al2O3 (600oC 2h) 3% Pt/Al2O3 TiO2 1% Pt/TiO2
25.13 34.81 22.56
60.50 43.86 72.01
58.69 39.21 63.58
38.27 17.97 29.28
23.04 14.18 27.91
0.00 3.47 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
17.00 7.66 14.86
137.00 82.49 135.63
94.78 64.47 107.80
ZSM 13x 1% Pt/ZSM 13x SiO2
before after before after before after
41.3 46.46 29.51 32.55 42.47 44.25
318.41 312.07 337.64
2608.09 1691.52 2641.66 1604.02 2618.02 1685.85
159.45 132.05 150.7

95.02 117.52 121.90

6.70

29.32 46.19 41.21

95.31 103.04 111.24


14.65 4.6 14.66 4.58 14.77 4.78

144.59 92.54 152.56 92.00 144.98 92.54

0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0
50.21 52.16 39.02 39.74 40.39 42.73
27.05 28.01 33.03 33.48 32.90 33.49
26.44 27.47 17.36 17.68 18.96 20.05
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15.53 16.13 15.22 15.50 15.11 15.99
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.92 0.93 0.00 0.00
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.46 8.78 10.57 10.76 9.02 9.54
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24.19 23.36 21.42 21.12 23.21 22.80


11.01 11.01 11.09
28.01 59.12 33.48 60.14 33.49 62.13

0.00 0.00 0.00

100.64 104.54 83.09 84.61 83.47 88.31


68.48 67.60 65.43 65.26 66.76 67.13
ZSM 13x 1% Pt/ZSM 13x SiO2
27.53 33.25 33.20
47.55 42.54 46.01
51.19 39.38 41.56
26.95 17.52 19.51
15.83 15.36 15.55
0.00 0.93 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
8.62 10.66 9.28
102.59 83.85 85.89
68.04 65.34 66.95
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
capacitance

frequency 20 kHz sample volume 500 µl


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
power 50 W (Metex)
CH4 : O2 4 : 1 v/v
1st trial
catalyst 12.26 9.47 9.04
before after before after before after
FID 47.23 43.62 47.23 43.51 29.32 26.67
CO 439.95 485.84 253.98
CH4 2242.05 1302.22 2315.07 1372.12 1370.7 980.83
CO2 224.92 233.7 116.38
C2H2
C2H4 12.07
C2H6 106.73 104.55 22.02
C3H6 3.36
C3H8 11.75
C3H4
CH3OH 64.12 65.85 9.35
n-C4H10 5.23
i-C4H10
TCD
H2 130.39 92.27 164.11
O2 20.29 24.87 25.3
CO
CH4 129.65 74.23 246.32 194.65 246.16 177.14
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
power (int.)
V (kV) 0 0 0 0 0 0
I (mA) 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO 39.69 125.68 43.23 126.22 49.02 51.35
8.42 46.36 47.12 45.40 27.20 34.91 34.54
CO2 19.73 62.47 20.22 59.03 21.84 22.88
25.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.34 2.46
29.40 9.89 31.31 9.55 27.89 4.36 4.57
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.77
42.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52 2.64
43.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3OH 4.98 15.78 5.05 14.74 1.55 1.63
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 1.22
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
4.40 12.02 11.82 8.69 14.50 20.09 20.30
O2 15.25 18.69 19.01
CO
8.39 47.12 73.08 27.20 29.58 34.54 36.72
power (Watt) 36.00 40.00 35.00
RMS 0.00 0.00 0.00
integration 77.78 77.04 74.90
C total 74.28 235.24 78.05 227.88 83.54 87.51
H total 36.44 62.92 29.59 64.65 49.08 49.93

catalyst
before after before after before after
FID
CO
8.42
CO2
25.53
25.66
29.40
42.13
42.98
43.77
CH3OH
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40
O2
CO
8.39
power (RMS)
V (kV)
I (mA)
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.42 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CO2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.66 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29.40 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.13 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.98 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
43.77 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
51.25 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
53.31 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
TCD
4.40 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
O2 0.00 0.00
CO
8.39 #DIV/0! 100.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
power 75.00
RMS 0.00
integration
C total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

temperature pr
catalyst 1% Fe/YSZ
time peak
dT 7.1 7.1
1 0 69.0802
2 7.1 69.3602
3 14.2 69.3602
4 21.3 69.1737
5 28.4 69.2450
6 35.5 69.6200
7 42.6 69.1184
8 49.7 69.5146
9 56.8 69.3654
10 63.9 70.1489
11 71 70.3248
12 78.1

calculation
1 0 0.0177
2 7.1 0.0137
3 14.2 0.0137
4 21.3 0.0164
5 28.4 0.0154
6 35.5 0.0100
7 42.6 0.0172
8 49.7 0.0115
9 56.8 0.0136
10 63.9 0.0025
11 71 0.0000
12 78.1 0.0000
temp (oC) 400.00
total flow (ml/min) 6.20
O2 flow (ml/min) 3.40
H2 flow (ml/min) 0.00
He flow (ml/min) 2.80

Oxidation 400oC
0.02
0.02
Intensity (a.u.)

0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Time (min)

repo
CH4 conv. 53.42 32.35 35.18
H2 11.92 11.59 20.20
CO 82.68 84.72 50.19
CO2 41.10 39.63 22.36
C2 20.60 18.72 4.47
C3 0.00 0.00 3.33
C4 0.00 0.00 1.19
CH3OH 10.38 9.90 1.59
hanol Synthesis
ance

1st trial
before after before after before after before

3.15
21.98

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


35.00 80.00 45.00
0.00 69.17 0.00
75.03 71.41
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

stability

before after before after before after before

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


79.00
0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

temperature program
He + O2 (50 W 2h)
time peak time peak time

10.05 626.22 4.32 570.12 5.33


16.06 625.88 10.33 547.98 5.59
22.07 625.48 16.33 549.55 13.59
28.07 624.72 22.34 535.22 21.58
640.74 28.35 516.17 29.58
642.09 34.35 515.93 37.60
639.06 40.02 516.45 45.59
6.41E+02 4.64E+01 5.16E+02 53.60
643.39 52.36 514.33 61.61
647.49 58.37 515.09 69.61
645.06 64.37 514.35 77.63
642.72 70.37 535.65 85.63
645.46 76.37 502.76 93.63
646.51 101.65
649.36 109.65
642.76 117.66
652.68 0
646.43 8.00
646.45 15.99
6.50E+02 2.40E+01
6.51E+02 32.01
652.24 40.01
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 48.01
56.02
6.40E+01
72.04
80.04
88.04
400.00 400.00 96.06
10.00 10.00 104.06
6.10 0.00 112.07
0.00 6.00 120.00
3.90 4.00

Oxidation 50W
0.06

0.05
Intensity (a.u.)

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Time (min)

report
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! n.a. n.a.
after before after

0 0 0
0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

after before after before after before after

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

He + O2 (50 W 2h) He + O2 + H2 (50 W 2h)


peak time peak
0.00 0.00
23.47 4.37 553.74 6.55 0.03
31.97 10.47 556.14 15.71 0.02
63.65 16.58 557.96 24.87 0.02
62.42 22.68 559.35 34.02 0.02
63.70 28.79 558.07 43.18 0.02
64.72 34.89 560.15 52.33 0.02
64.23 40.99 562.43 61.49 0.01
65.33 47.10 563.42 70.64 0.01
64.87 53.20 563.85 79.80 0.01
65.04 59.30 559.03 88.95 0.02
65.23 65.41 560.87 98.12 0.02
65.02 71.51 564.45 107.27 0.01
65.23 77.62 567.36 116.43 0.01
65.24 83.72 570.23 125.58 0.00
66.33
66.13
0.00 0.03
0.04 0.07
0.06 0.08
0.04 0.06
0.02 0.05
0.03 0.06
0.02 #DIV/0! 0.04
0.02 0.05
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 0.04
0.02 1.86 28.83 0.04
0.02 50.00 53.59 0.04
0.00 10.00 0.03
0.00 0.00 0.03
0.00 6.00 0.03
4.00

Reduction 50W
0.03

0.03
Intensity (a.u.)

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0
0 90 100 110 120 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Time (min)
120.00
Experiment of Methanol Synthesis
thermal process

temperature 600 oC sample volume 100 µL


flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
CH4 : O2 4:1

CH4 : O2 1st 2nd average


before after before after before after
He 92.69 87.21 92.69 87.21
5.79 230.3 206.1
8.42 1141.21 915.52 1141.21 874.29
16.23 57.12 79.11
25.53 59.59 47.11
25.66
29.40
42.13
42.98
43.77
45.59
51.25
53.31
TCD
4.40 134.49 134.49
5.55 23.7 11.34 23.7 11.34
37.65 26.17 26.07
8.39 198.98 159.48 198.98 159.48
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.79 78.62 83.69 61.79 74.90 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8.42 24.52 24.59 27.92 24.59 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
16.23 18.96 20.18 18.12 21.96 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.53 22.00 23.42 15.28 18.52 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
29.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
42.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
45.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
51.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
53.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
TCD
4.40 33.05 35.18 29.02 35.18 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5.55
37.65

temp (oC) 25 900 25 900


C total 119.59 127.29 95.19 115.37 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H total #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

CH4 conv. 25.40 1.68 27.92 26.66


H2 33.10 2.90 29.02 31.06
CO 74.75 9.36 61.79 68.27
CO2 19.80 1.67 18.12 18.96
C2 19.80 3.65 15.28 17.54
C3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

32.5 100
30
27.5
80
25
22.5
Conversion (%)

20 60
CH4 conv.
17.5
CO
15
CO2
12.5 40
C2
10
H2
7.5
20
5
2.5
0 0
600 650 700 800 900
Temperature (oC)

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!


temperature 600-900 o
C sample volume 100 µL
flow rate 30 mL/min mole sample 0 mol
CH4 : O2 4:1 no-catalyst

temp (oC) 600 (1st) 600 (2nd) 650


before after before after before
He 1 1 1 1 1
CO 0 0
CH4 2248.95 2201.5 2248.95 2177.31 2248.95
CO2 40.18 51.15
C2H2
C2H4
C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
C3H4
CH3OH
iC4H10
inC4H10
TCD
H2 37.13 51.18
O2 20.29 17.12
CH4 132.74 129.78 132.74 129.35 132.74
H2O
total mol
FID 0 0 0 0 0
TCD 0 0 0 0 0
calculation
FID 0 0 0 0 0
CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH4 2.11 2.23 3.19 2.56 6.42
CO2 88.07 84.15 74.24 93.39 66.84
C2H2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C2H4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C2H6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C3H6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C3H8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH3OH 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
iC4H10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
inC4H10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TCD
H2 189.93 181.48 173.37 218.08 58.17
O2
CH4
H2O
temp (oC) 600 1st 600 2nd 650
C total 88.07 84.15 74.24 93.39 66.84
H total 379.85 362.95 346.75 436.16 116.35

CH4 conv. 2.11 2.23 3.19 2.56 6.42


H2 94.96 90.74 86.69 109.04 58.17
CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 88.07 84.15 74.24 93.39 66.84
C2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CH4 conv. CO
600 2.52 0.48 0.00 0.00
650 6.01 0.57 0.00 0.00
700 10.49 0.73 0.00 0.00
800 14.47 0.40 37.82 7.87
900 30.51 1.11 36.53 0.82

500 17.5
CH4 conv. 600
CO 700
CO2 800
C2 900
H2 100

#REF! #REF! #REF!


650 700 800 (1st) 800 (2nd)
after before after before after before after
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 168.54 119.48
2104.6 2248.95 2001.36 2648.02 2276.19 2648.02 2269.96
92.78 153.38 189.7 113.74

55.57 60.99 65.25 69.38


12.59 2.09 1.2
125.3 154.74 139.32 153.16 130.8 153.16 130.26

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.00 0.00 0.00 44.83 44.45 31.25 30.76
5.61 11.01 9.97 14.04 14.60 14.28 14.96
77.27 64.42 61.64 53.05 52.61 31.29 30.79
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

67.25 59.78 57.20 42.59 42.23 44.54 43.83

700 800 1st 800 2nd


77.27 64.42 61.64 97.88 97.06 62.54 61.55
134.50 119.57 114.41 85.17 84.46 89.07 87.66

5.61 11.01 9.97 14.04 14.60 14.28 14.96


67.25 59.78 57.20 42.59 42.23 44.54 43.83
0.00 0.00 0.00 44.83 44.45 31.25 30.76
77.27 64.42 61.64 53.05 52.61 31.29 30.79
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 C2 H2
84.96 8.09 0 0 95.36 9.73
72.06 7.38 0.00 0 62.71 6.42
63.03 1.96 0.00 0 58.49 1.82
41.93 12.59 5.54 1.23 43.30 1.07
46.21 2.00 10.54 1.22 28.71 1.91
900 (1st) 900 (2nd)
before after before after
1 1 1 1
305.46 282.42
2648.02 1816.73 2648.02 1881.12
350.2 356.03

75.63 87.50

91.18 96.74
17.12 4.1
153.16 105.33 153.16 106.53

0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0
36.34 37.66 36.42 35.71
31.39 31.23 28.96 30.45
43.81 45.40 48.28 47.34
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9.32 9.66 11.69 11.47
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

26.62 27.59 30.61 30.02

900 1st 900 2nd


89.47 92.72 96.39 94.52
60.23 62.42 70.00 68.64

31.39 31.23 28.96 30.45


26.62 27.59 30.61 30.02
36.34 37.66 36.42 35.71
43.81 45.40 48.28 47.34
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Al2O3 catalyst
catalyst conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank, 50W 28.12 17.03 45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33
5% Ni/Al2O3 25.17 15.23 31.24 30.33 7.12 0.00
3% Fe/Al2O3 26.15 11.54 47.56 20.07 9.72 2.73
1% Pt/Al2O3 25.77 11.71 5.29 42.19 5.35 5.20
Cu/Zn/Al2O3 = 6:3:1
treatment conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 28.12 17.03 45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33
He, 400oC 27.83 14.17 40.04 24.24 7.46 0.00
He, 75W 34.91 20.09 49.02 21.84 14.47 3.26
O2, 400oC 19.79 18.80 54.94 29.31 5.10 0.00
O2, 50W 30.84 23.72 59.41 27.05 9.45 0.00
H2, 400oC 21.89 20.13 50.74 33.71 9.55 0.00
ICI 25.34 10.94 36.77 11.98 5.57 0.00

1% Fe/Hf/YSZ (plasma activation)


catalyst CH4 selectivity (%)
treatment conversion (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 25.76 14.19 48.44 21.47 15.33 5.14
YSZ 30.80 28.46 39.01 30.48 14.90 0.00
no-treatment 24.25 17.03 45.54 20.78 15.32 3.26
He 34.91 20.09 45.02 11.84 14.47 0.00
He+PAO 30.84 23.72 54.41 32.05 9.45 0.00
He+PAO+PAR 35.34 20.13 46.77 11.98 15.57 0.00

Al2O3 catalyst
80 W conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 : O2 CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
0.75 45.14 22.22 12.27 33.23 2.90 1.05
0.78 49.77 10.05 19.26 21.70 4.22 0.88
0.83 50.37 12.45 21.26 10.73 2.73 3.95
40
50 W conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 : O2 CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
3:1 2.07 11.40 37.29 14.39 24.32 0.00
4:1 0.85 0.17 32.66 4.46 2.28 0.00
5:1 23.83 9.15 29.95 13.90 25.45 0.00

60 W conversion selectivity (%)


CH4 : O2 CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
3:1 12.45 8.30 19.68 15.23 15.23 0.00
3.5 : 1 11.58 7.17 20.50 12.94 13.33 0.00
4:1 11.98 8.78 20.42 8.75 13.98 0.00
5:1 14.13 6.25 6.25 8.19 13.50 0.00

80 W conversion selectivity (%)


CH4 : O2 CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
3:1 18.09 11.42 19.81 9.07 10.51 0.00
4:1 19.83 12.44 18.87 10.29 11.88 0.00
5:1 20.44 10.56 19.35 5.96 12.59 1.43
70

65

60
3:1 4:1 5:1
55
38.19 3.34 40.41
50
0.06 45.63 2.72 50

Conversion (%)
43.58 2.64 47.48
45 0.18 54.58 2.79 60
50.21 4.09 54.56
40 1.96 63.34 3.85 80
35

30
3:1 4:1
25
5:1
23.71 3.07 28.12
20 0.02 30.17 1.22 50
32.45 3.29 38.43
15 2.95 40.44 2.63 60
10
42.65 3.52 47.13 3.73 50.21 0.22 80
5

0
3:1 4Row
:157 5:1
Row 58 Row 59

20.97 2.07 21.18 0.85 Power23.83


(W) 0.74 50
22.47 2.43 23.40 0.56 27.62 0.64 60
3:1 4:1 5:1
35.37 0.82 38.41 1.25 40.01 0.88 80

4:1 30ml/min
power conversion selectivity (%)
(W) CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
50 28.12 21.28 29.73 8.09 23.67 1.33
60 38.43 23.05 33.42 8.39 21.13 1.60
80 47.13 20.64 48.44 21.47 15.33 5.14

Al2O3 catalyst
Cu/Al2O3 no activation
Mn/Al2O3 no activation
Ru/Al2O3 no activation

catalyst conversion selectivity (%)


CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 28.12 17.03 45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33
Cu/Al2O3 30.80 28.46 39.01 30.48 14.90 0.00
Mn/Al2O3 24.25 20.03 44.87 20.78 15.32 3.26
Ru/Al2O3 34.91 20.09 45.02 11.84 14.47 0.00

plasma vs thermal
catalyst conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
plasma 28.12 17.03 45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33
thermal 26.66 31.06 68.27 18.96 17.54 0.00

Support catalyst
catalyst conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 27.9 34.3 46.9 22.1 9.6 4.5
C 33.9 42.0 36.8 26.4 13.9 3.8
1% Pt/C 30.2 47.7 31.5 30.3 17.8 0.0
Al2O3 30.1 38.9 40.0 25.2 9.2 0.0
1% Pt/Al2O3 33.1 40.5 38.7 38.3 9.0 0.0
TiO2 34.8 43.9 39.2 18.0 14.2 3.5
1% Pt/TiO2 32.6 42.0 33.6 29.3 17.9 0.0
ZSM 13x 27.5 47.5 41.2 27.0 15.8 0.0
1% Pt/ZSM 13x 33.3 42.5 35.4 37.5 15.4 0.9
SiO2 33.2 46.0 41.6 19.5 15.5 0.0
YSZ 35.3 20.1 46.8 12.0 15.6 0.0
1% Pt/YSZ 34.6 25.4 40.6 19.5 13.5 0.0
YSZ catalyst
catalyst conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank
no teratment
He
He+oxidation
He+oxidation+reduction

catalyst conversion selectivity (%)


CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 27.9 34.3 46.9 22.1 9.6 4.5
YSZ 35.3 20.1 46.8 12.0 15.6 0.0
1% Pt/YSZ 34.6 25.4 40.6 19.5 13.5 0.0
3% Ni/Al2O3 36.0 38.9 40.0 15.7 7.5 2.2
3% Ni/YSZ 1
30.8 23.7 44.4 12.1 9.5 0.0
3% Ni/YSZ2 35.3 20.1 46.8 12.0 15.6 0.0

products stability
time conversion selectivity (%)
(mins) CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
15 28.5 33.8 47.7 22.9 9.4 3.4
75 28.9 32.9 45.7 23.7 9.9 2.9
135 28.8 32.6 48.6 22.6 9.6 3.7

power effect
time conversion selectivity (%)
(mins) CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
60 28.5 4.0 47.7 22.9 9.4 3.4
80 38.0 3.0 45.7 23.7 9.9 2.9
110 45.0 2.0 48.6 22.6 9.6 3.7
150 50.0 6.0
190 58.0 5.0

power conversion selectivity (%)


(Watt) CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
60 28.5 10.9 36.8 12.0 5.6 0.0
80 38.0 14.7 39.5 13.3 4.8 0.0
110 39.5 18.9 40.0 15.2 6.2 0.0
140 45.0 20.5 42.7 18.3 4.0 0.0
catalyst conversion selectivity (%)
CH4 (%) H2 CO CO2 C2 C3
blank 28.12 17.0 45.5 21.5 9.3 1.3
CZA 25.34 10.9 36.8 12.0 5.6 0.0
CZAi 30.98 11.2 35.7 10.6 6.7 0.0
CZAb 29.78 14.6 34.8 12.3 7.5 0.0
catalyst conv. selec
loading C H4 (%) H2 CO C O2
C4 CH3OH blank 28.12 17.03 45.54 21.47
1.73 10.44 0.5 gram 25.34 10.94 36.77 11.98
0.00 13.52 1 gram 30.56 15.64 38.75 15.70
2.59 9.35 1.5 gram 33.86 16.98 37.86 16.57

0.00 9.27
Cu/Zn/Al2O3 (loading catalyst)
metal conversion
C4 CH3OH loading CH4 (%) H2
1.73 10.44 blank 28.12 17.0
0.00 10.02 0.5 gram 25.34 10.9
0.00 4.14 1 gram 30.56 15.6
0.00 5.73 1.5 gram 33.86 17.0
0.00 3.42
0.00 8.05
0.00 22.05

error analysis
catalyst CH4
C4 CH3OH CO2/CO C sum treatment conversion (%)
0.00 4.49 0.44 94.87 blank 25.76 ±3.56
4.99 6.64 0.78 96.01 YSZ 30.80 ±4.17
0.00 4.89 0.46 89.79 no-treatment 24.25 ±4.34
0.00 10.14 0.26 81.47 He 34.91 ±3.33
0.00 7.42 0.59 103.33 He+PAO 30.84 ±2.36
0.00 9.63 0.26 83.95 He+PAO+PAR 35.34 ±2.56

metal conversion
loading CH4 (%) H2
C4 CH3OH blank 28.1 17.0
0.00 0.00 CZA 25.3 10.9
1.36 3.56 1% Pt/CZA 24.6 15.4
0.00 4.39 3% Ni/CZA 26.0 18.9
3% Fe/CZA 30.8 13.7
3% Y/CZA 25.3 10.1
C4 CH3OH
0.00 6.59
0.00 6.31
0.00 5.44 40
35
Methanol selectivity (%)

C4 CH3OH 30
0.00 2.30
0.00 4.66
25
0.00 3.27 20
0.00 2.09
15
10
C4 CH3OH
5
0
blank
0.5 gram
1 gram
1.5 gram
Catalyst loading
Methanol selecti
20
15
10
5
0.00 1.45
0.00 1.28 0
blank
0.00 1.65 0.5 gram
1 gram
1.5 gram
Catalyst loading

supplied CH4
C4 CH3OH power (W) conversion (%)
1.73 10.44 50 18.12 ±3.07
0.00 7.67 60 23.43 ±2.95
0.00 4.49 80 47.13 ±3.56
50 3.07
2.95
45
3.56
40

35
Conversion (%)

30

C4 CH3OH 25
1.73 10.44
20
4.99 6.64
0.00 10.89 15
0.00 10.14 10

0
C4 CH3OH 50 60
1.73 10.44
Temperature (
0.00 0.00

catalyst conv.
C4 CH3OH Csum CO2/CO CH4 (%) H2
1.8 10.8 84.9 0.47 Plasma 28.12 17.03
0.0 8.5 80.9 0.72 Mn/Al2O3 24.25 14.19
0.0 8.2 79.6 0.96 Ru/Al2O3 34.91 20.09
0.0 11.8 74.4 0.63
0.0 12.7 86.0 0.99 YSZ catalyst
0.0 7.7 74.8 0.46 conversion
catalyst
0.0 14.9 80.8 0.87 CH4 (%) H2
0.0 8.6 84.0 0.65 blank 27.92 34.30
0.0 10.7 89.2 1.06 3% Ni/Al2O3 36.02 38.90
0.0 9.3 76.6 0.47 3% Co/Al2O3 30.81 50.52
0.0 19.0 74.3 0.26 3% Re/Al2O3 59.06 61.97
0.0 18.8 73.6 0.48 1% Pt/C 30.17 47.75

Ni/Al2O3 catalyst
C4 CH3OH conversion
catalyst
10.44 CH4 (%) H2
14 blank 27.92 34.30
14.2 2% Ni/Al2O3 27.78 43.43
16.2 1% Pt/Al2O3 25.46 45.88
19 0.5 Rh/Al2O3 28.46 30.55

blank 27.92 34.30


C4 CH3OH C 33.91 41.97
1.8 10.8 84.9 Al2O3 30.12 25.59
0.0 19.0 74.3 TiO2 34.81 43.86
0.0 18.8 73.6 YSZ 35.34 20.13
0.0 13.2 65.4
0.0 21.4 66.0
0.0 23.6 74.3
1
0.9
Methanol selectivity (%)

C4 CH3OH 0.8
n.a. 7.3 0.7
n.a. 7.0 0.6
n.a. 7.2 0.5
0.4
0.3
C4 CH3OH 0.2
3.0 22.0 0.1
5.0 21.0 0
4.0 20.0
Column I
2.8 18.6
4.0 17.0 YSZ treatme
version or methanol selectivity (%)

60
C4 58
0.0 55
53
0.0
50
0.0 48
0.0 45
43
40
38
35
33
30
28
25
60

Methane conversion or methanol selectiv


58
55
53
50
48
45
43
40
38
C4 35
33
1.7
30
0.0 28
0.0 25
0.0 23
20
18
15
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

Power (Watt)
selectivity (%)
C sum
H2 CO C O2 C2 C3 C4 C H3 OH
17.03 45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33 1.73 10.44 89.82
10.94 36.77 11.98 5.57 0.00 0.00 22.05 76.37
15.64 38.75 15.70 3.56 0.00 0.00 23.51 81.52
16.98 37.86 16.57 7.86 0.00 0.00 24.56 86.85

catalyst)
selectivity (%)
CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
45.5 21.5 9.3 1.3 1.7 20.44
36.8 12.0 5.6 0.0 0.0 37.05
34.8 9.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 38.51
32.9 6.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 39.56

selectivity (%)
H2 CO CO2 C2
14.19 ±2.38 48.44 ±3.07 21.47 ±2.63 15.33
28.46 ±2.18 39.01 ±3.079 30.48 ±2.74 14.90
17.03 ±2.13 45.54 ±4.57 20.78 ±2.67 15.32
20.09 ±2.29 45.02 ±1.73 11.84 ±1.37 14.47
23.72 ±2.29 54.41 ±2.25 32.05 ±1.78 9.45
20.13 ±1.98 46.77 ±1.13 11.98 ±1.29 15.57

selectivity (%)
CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
45.5 21.5 9.3 1.3 1.7 20.44
36.8 12.0 5.6 0.0 0.0 37.05
35.6 9.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 38.78
35.0 15.7 7.5 2.2 0.0 33.17
34.4 12.1 9.5 0.0 0.0 41.42
33.8 9.0 5.6 0.0 0.0 41.63

45
40
Methanol selectivity (%)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
blank CZA
m 3% Ni/CZA
1 gram
1.5 gram 3% Y/CZA

Catalyst loading Catalyst type


25

Methanol select
20
15
10
5
0
blank CZA
m 3% Ni/CZA
1 gram
1.5 gram 3% Y/CZA

Catalyst loading Catalyst type

selectivity (%)
H2 CO CO2 C2
11.28 ±0.9 49.73 ±4.12 22.09 ±3.04 19.67
16.05 ±4.18 48.42 ±4.18 22.39 ±2.29 19.13
20.64 ±2.38 48.44 ±3.07 21.47 ±2.63 15.33
0.9 4.12 3.04
4.18 4.18 2.29
50
2.38 3.07 2.63

40

Column M
30 Column Q
Column S
Column U
20
Column Y
Column O
10

0
60 80
Temperature (oC)

selectivity (%)
C sum
CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
45.54 21.47 9.32 1.33 1.73 10.44 89.82
48.44 22.05 15.32 3.26 0.00 8.89 97.96
45.02 11.84 14.47 0.00 0.00 10.14 81.47

selectivity (%)
C sum
CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
46.93 22.13 9.60 4.46 1.78 10.76 95.67
40.05 15.70 7.46 2.17 0.00 13.17 78.54
46.41 19.49 18.40 0.00 0.00 9.75 94.04
42.55 13.45 15.09 0.00 0.00 10.67 81.76
41.55 20.33 17.75 0.00 0.00 8.24 87.87

selectivity (%)
C sum
CO CO2 C2 C3 C4 CH3OH
46.93 22.13 9.60 4.46 1.78 10.76 95.67
37.13 22.53 9.17 0.00 0.00 14.42
30.36 40.25 12.57 0.00 0.00 12.54
25.88 25.69 9.87 0.00 0.00 12.20

46.93 22.13 9.60 4.46 1.78 10.76 95.67


36.82 26.38 13.91 3.76 0.00 8.54
51.22 22.03 19.21 0.00 0.00 11.84
39.21 17.97 14.18 3.47 0.00 7.66
46.77 11.98 15.57 0.00 0.00 19.00

Row 109
Row 110
Row 111
Row 112
Row 113

Column I

YSZ treatment
0 160 170 180 190
C sum
99.82
91.37
86.52
85.85

C2 C3 CH3OH
±2.04 5.14 ±1.22 4.49 ±0.57
±1.54 0.00 ±0 6.64 ±0.31
±2.14 3.26 ±1.23 4.89 ±0.44
±1.58 0.00 ±0 10.14 ±0.8
±2.29 0.00 ±0 7.42 ±0.22
±1.96 0.00 ±0 9.63 ±0.25

C sum
99.82
91.37
87.38
93.54
97.37
89.95

3% Ni/CZA
3% Y/CZA

Catalyst type
3% Ni/CZA
3% Y/CZA

Catalyst type

C2 C3 CH3OH
±2.29 7.33 ±0.76 10.44 ±0.35
±2.29 7.60 ±2.29 7.67 ±0.1
±2.04 5.14 ±1.22 4.49 ±0.57
2.29 0.76 0.35
2.29 2.29 0.1
2.04 1.22 0.57

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