BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

608:1995

Agricultural and
forestry machinery —
Portable chain saws —
Safety

The European Standard EN 608:1994 has the status of a

British Standard

UDC 621.936:674.053:614.8:62-78
BS EN 608:1995

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical

Committee AGE/29, Forestry machinery, upon which the following bodies were
represented:

Agricultural Engineers’ Association

Arboricultural Association
Consumer Policy Committee of BSI
Consumers Association
Department of Trade and Industry
Forestry Commission
Health and Safety Executive
Hire Association Europe
National Farmers Union
Coopted members

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and
comes into effect on Amendments issued since publication
15 April 1995
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 08-1999

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference AGE/29
Draft for comment 91/83814 DC

ISBN 0 580 23756 7

 BS EN 608:1995

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 608 3
List of references Inside back cover

© BSI 08-1999 i
BS EN 608:1995

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Engineering
Sector Board and is the English language version of EN 608 Agricultural and
forestry machinery — Portable chain saws — Safety, published by the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN).
EN 608 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the
United Kingdom took an active part.
BS EN 608:1995 supersedes BS 6916-11:1989, which is withdrawn.

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
BS 292 Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general
principles for design
EN 292-1:1991 Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology
EN 292-2:1991 Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications
BS 6916 Chain saws
EN 27182:1991 Part 6:1988 Method of measurement of airborne noise
at the operator’s position
ISO 6531:1982 Part 1:1988 Glossary of terms
ISO 7293:1983 Part 7:1988 Method of evaluating engine performance
including fuel consumption
ISO 7505:1986 Part 8:1988 Method of measurement of hand-transmitted
vibration
ISO 8334:1985 Part 10:1988 Specification for longitudinal balance
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii © BSI 08-1999
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 608
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 1994
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

UDC 621.936:674.053:614.8:62-78

Descriptors: Agricultural machinery, forest equipment, portable equipment, chain saws, heat engines, safety requirements,
accident prevention, specifications, design, safety devices, hazards, verification, information, marking

English version

Agricultural and forestry machinery —

Portable chain saws — Safety

Matériel agricole et forestier — Land- und Forstmaschinen —

Scies à chaîne portatives — Tragbare Motorsägen —
Sécurité Sicherheit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-16. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 608:1994 E
EN 608:1994

Foreword Page
4.16 Protection against contact with
This European Standard was prepared by the hot parts 7
Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and
4.17 Exhaust gases 9
machinery for agriculture and forestry, of which the
secretariat is held by AFNOR. 4.18 Chain lubrication 9
This European Standard has been prepared under a 4.19 Tank openings 9
Mandate given to CEN by the Commission of the 4.20 Chain tensioning 9
European Communities and the European Free 5 Verification of safety requirements 9
Trade Association, and supports essential
6 Information for use 11
requirements of EC Directive(s).
The Annex A is normative and contains the list of 6.1 General 11
hazards. 6.2 Technical data 11
This European Standard shall be given the status of 6.3 Instruction handbook 12
a national standard, either by publication of an 6.4 Marking 12
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Annex A (normative) List of hazards 13
March 1995, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1995. Figure 1 — Chain saw 4
In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Figure 2 — Minimum dimensions of
Regulations, the following countries are bound to protection at the rear handle 6
implement this European Standard: Austria, Figure 3 — Guarding against contact
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, with the silencer 7
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Figure 4 — Required distance between
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the front handle and an unprotected silencer 8
Switzerland and United Kingdom. Figure 5 — Required lateral distance
between the front handle and an unprotected
Contents silencer (plan view) 8
Page Figure 6 — Test cone 9
Foreword 2 Table 1 — Achievable sound pressure values 6
0 Introduction 3 Table 2 — Achievable vibration values 6
1 Scope 3 Table 3 — Safety requirements and
testing method 10
2 Normative references 3
Table A.1 — List of hazards 13
3 Definitions 3
4 Safety requirements 5
4.1 Handles 5
4.2 Hand protection 5
4.3 Balance 5
4.4 Protection against injury by kickback 5
4.5 Chain catcher 5
4.6 Spiked bumper 5
4.7 Chip discharge 5
4.8 Guide bar cover 5
4.9 Noise emission 6
4.10 Vibration 6
4.11 Throttle trigger 6
4.12 Ignition switch 7
4.13 Protection against contact with
parts at high voltage 7
4.14 Clutch 7
4.15 Carburettor adjustment 7

2 © BSI 08-1999
 EN 608:1994

0 Introduction ISO 3767-5:1992, Tractors, machinery for

agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated
equipment — Symbols for operator controls and
in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery
other displays — Part 5: Symbols for manual
shall comply as appropriate with EN 292 for
portable forestry machinery.
hazards which are not covered by this standard.
ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs.
1 Scope ISO 6531:1982, Machinery for forestry — Portable
chain saws — Vocabulary.
This European Standard specifies safety
requirements and their verification for design and ISO 6533:1993, Forestry machinery — Portable
construction of portable combustion engined, chain saw front hand-guard — Dimensions.
hand-held chain saws designed for use by one ISO 6534:1992, Portable chain saws —
operator (see Figure 1). Hand-guards — Mechanical strength.
It describes methods for the elimination or ISO 6535:1991, Portable chain saws — Chain brake
reduction of hazards arising from their use. In performance.
addition it specifies the type of information on safe ISO 7293:1983, Forestry machinery — Portable
working practices to be provided by the chain saws — Engine performance and fuel
manufacturer. It does not however give any consumption.
technical requirement to reduce noise and vibration
ISO 7505:1986, Forestry machinery — Chain
hazards. Indeed, the different means available to
saws — Measurement of hand-transmitted
reduce these hazards are a matter for the rule book
vibration.
to which the manufacturer may resort, through
specialized books or specific bodies. ISO 7914:1986, Forestry machinery — Portable
The list of significant hazards, which require action chain saws — Minimum handle clearance and sizes.
to reduce the risk, is given in Annex A. ISO 7915:1991, Forestry machinery — Portable
Environmental aspects have not been considered in chain saws — Determination of handle strength.
this standard. ISO 8334:1985, Forestry machinery — Portable
This European Standard applies primarily to chain saws — Determination of balance.
machines which are manufactured after the date of ISO/DIS 9207:1991, Manually portable chain
issue of the standard. saws — Determination of sound power levels.
ISO 9518:1992, Forestry machinery — Portable
2 Normative references chain saws — Kickback test.
This European Standard incorporates by dated or ISO 10726:1992, Portable chain saws — Chain
undated references, provisions from other catcher — Dimensions and mechanical strength.
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the 3 Definitions
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions For the purposes of this European Standard, the
of any of these publications apply to this European definitions given in ISO 6531 apply (see Figure 1).
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic
concepts, general principles for design —
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic
concepts, general principles for design —
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications.
EN 27182:1991, Acoustics — Measurement at the
operator’s position of airborne noise emitted by chain
saws. (ISO 7182:1991)

© BSI 08-1999 3
EN 608:1994
Figure 1 — Chain saw
4 © BSI 08-1999

4 Safety requirements
NOTE The safe running of chain saws depends on both the
safety requirements as described in this clause and a safe system
of work associated with the use of personal protection equipment
such as gloves, leg protection and boots, as well as eye and ear
protection equipment.
4.1 Handles
Chain saws shall have a handle for each hand.
These handles shall be designed so that they can be
fully gripped by an operator when wearing
protective gloves, provide the necessary sureness of
grip by their shaping and surface, and conform to
the dimensions and clearances given in ISO 7914.
The strength of both handles shall at least comply
with ISO 7915.
The operator shall be able to stop the chain saw in a
controlled manner, even in the event of failure of
any vibration isolation system.
4.2 Hand protection
4.2.1 Protection at the front handle
A guard shall be fitted in the vicinity of the front
handle (see Figure 1), to protect the operator’s
fingers from injury by contact with the saw chain.
The dimensions of this front hand guard shall
comply with ISO 6533. Its strength shall comply
with ISO 6534.
4.2.2 Protection at the rear handle
A hand guard shall be provided along the length of
the right side of the bottom of the rear handle. This
guard shall extend from the right edge of the handle
for at least 30 mm at the guide bar side and at
least 100 mm lengthwise (see Figure 2).
This requirement can also be fulfilled by parts of the
machine.
The strength of the rear hand guard shall comply
with ISO 6534.
4.3 Balance
There shall be means to evenly balance the chain
saw when fitted with the manufacturer’s
recommended guide bars. The balance shall be
tested in accordance with ISO 8334. The maximum
angle of the guide bar shall not exceed 30° above and
below the horizontal.
© BSI 08-1999
EN 608:1994
4.4 Protection against injury by kickback
4.4.1 The chain saw shall be fitted with a chain
brake. It shall be possible to activate the chain
brake manually by means of the front hand guard.
There shall also be a non-manual system which
operates the chain brake when kickback occurs.
NOTE 1 A test method and limits are to be developed.
The computed kickback angle and chain stop angle
shall be determined with cutting attachments as
recommended by the manufacturer and in
accordance with ISO 9518.
The computed kickback angle or chain stop angle,
whichever is less, shall not exceed 45° for saws with
combustion engine displacement up to 80 cm3.
NOTE 2 Sufficient information to set a limit is not available for
saws over 80 cm3.
4.4.2 The chain brake release force shall be
between 20 N and 60 N.
The average braking time shall not exceed 0,12 s
and the maximum braking time shall not
exceed 0,15 s. Measurements of release force and
braking times shall be carried out in accordance
with ISO 6535.
4.5 Chain catcher
The chain saw shall be fitted with a chain catcher
that conforms to the dimensions and strength
requirements in ISO 10726.
4.6 Spiked bumper
The chain saw shall be equipped with a spiked
bumper (see Figure 1) or with provision to mount a
spiked bumper.
4.7 Chip discharge
The chain saw shall be designed so that wood
particles are directed below the underside of the saw
when it is in the upright position.
4.8 Guide bar cover
The chain saw shall be provided with a guide bar
cover for safe transport (see Figure 1).
5
EN 608:1994

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Minimum dimensions of protection at the rear handle
4.9 Noise emission Table 2 — Achievable vibration values
The time-averaged emission sound pressure levels Operating Vibration value
at the operator’s ear, shall be measured in mode m/s2
accordance with EN 27182. Engine displacement
The sound power levels from the chain saw shall be cm3
measured in accordance with ISO/DIS 9207. k 80 > 80
For the sound pressure, achievable values are given Front Rear Front Rear
in Table 1. handle handle handle handle

Table 1 — Achievable sound pressure values Idling 12,5 — 15,0 —

Operating Sound pressure Racing 12,5 12,5 15,0 15,0
mode dB(A)
Full load 12,5 12,5 15,0 15,0
Engine displacement
cm3 These achievable values do not constitute personal
k 40 > 40 to 80 > 80 exposure limits, but the emission values from a
machine under defined test conditions (for example,
Idling 85 85 85 speed, load, material to be used) and according to
Racing 102 105 — the measurement of the corresponding vibration
Full load 100 103 105 levels.
NOTE The achievable vibration values given in Table 2 are not
These achievable values do not constitute personal a barrier to innovation, and they should not prevent the
achievement of better values. With this in view, they will have to
exposure limits, but the emission values from a be revised when the state of the art evolves.
machine under defined test conditions (for example,
speed, load, material to be used) and according to 4.11 Throttle trigger
the measurement of the corresponding noise levels. A chain saw shall be provided with a
NOTE The achievable sound pressure values given in Table 1 constant-pressure throttle trigger that
are not a barrier to innovation, and they should not prevent the automatically reverts to the idling position and is
achievement of better values. With this in view, they will have to retained in that position by the automatic
be revised when the state of the art evolves.
engagement of a throttle trigger lock-out.
4.10 Vibration
The throttle trigger shall be positioned so that it can
The weighted acceleration sum shall be measured be pressed and released with a gloved hand while
and calculated in accordance with ISO 7505. holding the handle.
Achievable values are given in Table 2. The throttle control linkage shall be so designed
that a force equal to three times the weight of the
chain saw unit (without cutting attachment and
with empty tanks), applied on the rear handle in
any direction, shall not increase the engine speed to
a point where the clutch engages and chain
movement begins.

6 © BSI 08-1999

If a throttle lock is provided for cold starting, it shall
be such that the lock has to be set manually and is
automatically released when the throttle trigger is
operated.
4.12 Ignition switch
The machine shall be fitted with an ignition switch,
which brings it to a final stop and does not depend
on sustained manual effort for its operation. This
device shall be so positioned that it can be operated
whilst the saw is being held with both hands by an
operator wearing protective gloves. The purpose and
method of operation of the device shall be clearly
and durably marked.
The colour of the ignition switch shall clearly
contrast with the background.
4.13 Protection against contact with parts at
high voltage
All parts of the motor which are at high voltage shall
be so insulated that the material at high voltage
cannot be touched.
4.14 Clutch
The clutch shall be so designed that the chain does
not run when the engine rotates at 1,25 times the
idling speed.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 3 — Guarding against contact with the silencer
© BSI 08-1999
EN 608:1994
4.15 Carburettor adjustment
The elements of carburettor adjustment shall be
clearly and indelibly marked, for example by
symbols as given in ISO 3767-5. The markings used
shall be illustrated and explained in the instruction
handbook.
4.16 Protection against contact with hot parts
Hot parts such as the cylinder or parts in direct
contact with the cylinder or silencer, shall be
guarded against unintentional contact during
normal operation of the machine. This applies to
hot parts which are less than 120 mm away from
the far side of the nearest handle (see Figure 3
and Figure 4) and less than 80 mm from the sides of
the front handle (see Figure 5).
A laterally mounted silencer shall be provided with
a guard as protection against contact with the
spread-out hand, i.e. hot areas shall not
exceed 10 cm2, if they can be reached by the test
cone (see Figure 6).
7
EN 608:1994

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 4 — Required distance between the front handle and an unprotected silencer

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 5 — Required lateral distance between the front handle and an unprotected silencer
(plan view)

8 © BSI 08-1999
 EN 608:1994

4.19 Tank openings

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 6 — Test cone
4.17 Exhaust gases
The exhaust outlet shall be located to direct
emissions away from the operator’s face in normal
working positions.
4.18 Chain lubrication
The cutting attachment shall be automatically
lubricated.
If additionally a manual oiler is provided, it shall be
located so that it can be operated while holding the
saw in the normal operating position.
The fuel cap shall have a retainer.
The diameter of the fuel tank opening shall be at
least 20 mm, and the diameter of the oil tank
opening shall be at least 15 mm.
Each opening or cap shall be clearly marked. If only
caps are marked, they shall not be interchangeable.
The design of the cap shall be such that no apparent
leakage occurs whilst the saw is at the normal
operating temperature, in all working positions and
while being transported.
The filler openings shall be so located that the filling
of the tanks with a suitable funnel is not obstructed
by other components.
4.20 Chain tensioning
Chain saws shall be provided with the means of
adjustment to provide the chain tension
recommended by the manufacturer.
5 Verification of safety requirements
Compliance with safety requirements shall be
verified according to Table 3.

© BSI 08-1999 9
EN 608:1994

Table 3 — Safety requirements and testing method

According to Safety requirement Testing method
subclause
Inspection Function test Measurement Reference
4.1 Handles × × ISO 7914
ISO 7915
4.2.1 Protection at the front handle × × ISO 6533
ISO 6534
4.2.2 Protection at the rear handle × × ISO 6534
4.3 Balance × × ISO 8334
4.4.1 Protection against injury by × × ISO 9518
kickback (chain brake), kickback
angle or chain stop angle
4.4.2 Protection against injury by × × ISO 6535
kickback (chain brake), release
force, braking time
4.5 Chain catcher × × ISO 10726
4.6 Spiked bumper ×
4.7 Chip discharge × ×
4.8 Guide bar cover ×
4.9 Noise emission × EN 27182
ISO 9207
4.10 Vibration × ISO 7505
4.11 Throttle trigger × ×
4.12 Ignition switch × ×
4.13 Protection against contact with ×
parts at high voltage
4.14 Clutch × ×
4.15 Carburettor adjustment ×
4.16 Protection against contact with hot × ×
parts
4.17 Exhaust gases × ×
4.18 Chain lubrication ×
4.19 Tank openings × × ×
4.20 Chain tensioning × ×

10 © BSI 08-1999

6 Information for use
6.1 General
Every chain saw shall be supplied with information
about the use for which it is designed or has been
tested, and about any conditions necessary to
ensure that it will be safe and without risk to health
at all times when it is being adjusted, used, cleaned
or maintained.
6.2 Technical data
The following technical information shall be made
available to the user for each chain saw model.
© BSI 08-1999
EN 608:1994
Sound pressure level (in accordance with
EN 27182)
For an engine displacement up to 80 cm3:
For an engine displacement more than 80 cm3:
where
LpA id is the A-weighted time-averaged
emission sound pressure level at idling,
in decibels;
LpA Fl is the A-weighted time-averaged
emission sound pressure level at full
load, in decibels;
LpA R is the A-weighted time-averaged
emission sound pressure level at racing,
in decibels;
LpA av is the mean of the two or three previous
quantities.
Octave band analysis (on request)
Sound power level (in accordance with
ISO/DIS 9207)
For an engine displacement up to 80 cm3:
For an engine displacement more than 80 cm3:
where
LwA id is the A-weighted sound power level at
idling, in decibels;
LwA Fl is the A-weighted sound power level at
full load, in decibels;
LwA R is the A-weighted sound power level at
racing, in decibels;
LwA av is the mean of the two or three previous
quantities.
Chain brake (in accordance with ISO 6535)
Mean braking time at racing speed (on request) .s
Vibration (in accordance with ISO 7505) .... m/s2
11
EN 608:1994
6.3 Instruction handbook
Comprehensive instructions and information on all
aspects of operator/user maintenance and the safe
use of the chain saw, including safety clothing and
personal protective equipment requirements and
the need for training in all manual chain saw
operations, shall be provided in the instruction
handbook. They shall comply with 5.5 of
EN 292-2:1991. The instructions shall take into
account that the chain saw may be used by an
inexperienced operator.
NOTE Extensive use should be made of photographs and/or
diagrams.
The importance of reading the instruction handbook
thoroughly before using the chain saw shall be
stressed on the front of the instruction handbook.
Terms used in all documentation shall be in
accordance with ISO 6531.
The instruction handbook shall include the
following:
a) general description, identification and
nomenclature of principal parts by means of an
illustration;
b) assembling instructions;
c) initial adjustments and checks;
d) operating instructions;
e) starting and stopping with particular reference
to safety;
f) bar and chain adjustments with the engine
stopped, regular testing of chain brake;
g) filling with fuel and oil, fire precautions;
h) carburettor adjustment;
i) regular maintenance task, pre-operating
measures, daily maintenance techniques;
j) chain tensioning and re-tensioning and bar
maintenance (including running-in instructions)
sharpening techniques, use of gloves;
k) servicing and replacement tasks by
owner/user;
l) fault diagnosis which can be carried out by the
user;
m) storage of chain saw and fuel;
n) requirements for personal protective
equipment and other protective equipment;
o) descriptions of the safety devices and
explanations of their functions, including an
instruction that the spiked bumper shall be
mounted, if not already in position, for felling;
12
p) applications of the chain saw and how it is
intended to be used;
q) prohibited applications, which are reasonably
foreseeable, for which the chain saw could be
used;
r) drawings or diagrams to allow maintenance to
be done;
s) any safety warnings applicable to starting,
stopping, using, maintaining, cleaning, storing,
fault finding or assembling the chain saw;
t) hazards which may be encountered whilst
using the saw, and how to avoid them whilst
doing typical tasks;
u) user instructions for common or typical cutting
tasks;
v) an octave band analysis shall be supplied upon
request, to enable the correct hearing protection
to be selected.
6.4 Marking
All chain saws shall be marked legibly and indelibly
with the following minimum information:
— name and address of the manufacturer;
— year of construction;
— designation of series or type;
— serial number, if any.
In addition, the chain saws shall bear the following
additional information:
— identification of the on/off control, oiler control,
fuel and/or oil caps, choke control, primer control,
heated handle switch (if provided);
— a symbol indicating that eye and hearing
protection is necessary;
— a prominent mark “WARNING, SEE
INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK!.”
The marking shall be located in a readily visible
position on the unit and shall resist the anticipated
service conditions, e.g. the effects of temperature,
moisture, petrol, oil, abrasion and weathering
exposure.
All controls should be marked with an appropriate
symbol, if available, in accordance with ISO 3767-5.
Symbols relating to safety should be in accordance
with the shape and colour requirements of
ISO 3864.
© BSI 08-1999
 EN 608:1994

Annex A (normative)
List of hazards
Table A.1 gives the list of hazards based on EN 292-1:1991 and Annex A of EN 292-2:1991.
The meaning of the statements given in the last column (solutions given by this standard) of this table are:
— “not relevant”: the hazard is not significant for the machine;
— “dealt with”: the hazard is significant. The measures given in the clauses indicated provide guidance
for dealing with the hazard in accordance with the principles of safety integration of EN 292; that
means:
— elimination or reduction of the risk by design, as far as possible;
— protection measures;
— information on the residual risks.
— “not dealt with”: the hazard is significant for the machine but has not been taken into account during
the preparation of this European Standard.
Table A.1 — List of hazards
Hazards Solutions given by this standard
1 Mechanical hazards (caused for example by:
— shape,
— relative location,
— mass and stability (potential energy of elements),
— mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements),
— inadequacy of the mechanical strength,
— accumulation of potential energy by:
— elastic elements (springs), or
— liquids or gases under pressure, or
— vacuum
of the machine parts or workpieces)
1.1 Crushing hazard not relevant
1.2 Shearing hazard not relevant
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 4.2; 4.4; 4.5; 4.8; 4.20
1.4 Entanglement hazard not relevant
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard not relevant
1.6 Impact hazard 4.4
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard not relevant
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard not relevant
1.9 High-pressure fluid injection hazard not relevant
1.10 Ejection of parts (of machinery and processed
material/workpieces) 4.2.2; 4.5; 4.7; 4.20
1.11 Loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts) not relevant
1.12 Slip, trip and fall hazards in relationship with machinery
(because of its mechanical nature) not relevant
2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by:
2.1 electrical contact (direct or indirect) 4.13
2.2 electrostatic phenomena not relevant
2.3 thermal radiation or other phenomena such as ejection of
molten particles, and chemical effects from short-circuits,
overloads, etc. not relevant

© BSI 08-1999 13
EN 608:1994

Table A.1 — List of hazards

Hazards Solutions given by this standard
2.4 external influences on electrical equipment not relevant
3 Thermal hazards resulting in:
3.1 burns and scalds, by a possible contact of persons, by flames or
explosions and also by radiation from heat sources 4.16
3.2 health-damaging effects by hot or cold work environment 6.3 n)
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders
(e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness) 4.9; 6.3; 6.4
4.2 interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. not dealt with
5 Hazards generated by vibration (resulting in a variety of
neurological and vascular disorders) 4.10
6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by:
6.1 electrical arcs not relevant
6.2 lasers not relevant
6.3 ionizing radiation sources not relevant
6.4 machines making use of high-frequency electromagnetic fields not relevant
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used
or exhausted by machinery, for example:
7.1 hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful
fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 4.17
7.2 fire or explosion hazard 4.19
7.3 biological and microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards not relevant
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in
machine design (mismatch of machinery with human
characteristics and abilities), caused for example by:
8.1 unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.1; 4.3; 4.6
8.2 inadequate consideration of human hand-arm or foot-leg
anatomy 4.1
8.3 neglected use of personal protection equipment 4.4; 4.9; 4.10; 6.3 n)
8.4 inadequate area lighting not relevant
8.5 mental overload or underload, stress, etc. not relevant
8.6 human error 4.11; 6.3
9 Hazard combinations not relevant
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of
machinery parts and other functional disorders, for example:
10.1 failure of energy supply (of energy and/or control circuits) not relevant
10.2 unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 4.2.2; 4.5; 4.20
10.3 failure, malfunction of control system (unexpected start up,
unexpected overrun) 4.1; 4.11; 4.14
10.4 errors of fitting 6.3 b)
10.5 overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability not relevant

14 © BSI 08-1999
 EN 608:1994

Table A.1 — List of hazards

Hazards Solutions given by this standard
11 Hazards caused by (temporarily) missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety-related measures/means, for example:
11.1 all kinds of guard not relevant
11.2 all kinds of safety-related (protection) devices not dealt with
11.3 starting and stopping devices not relevant
11.4 safety signs and signals 6.3
11.5 all kinds of information or warning devices 6.3
11.6 energy supply disconnecting devices not relevant
11.7 emergency devices 6.3
11.8 means of feeding/removing workpieces not relevant
11.9 essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment and/or
maintenance 6.3
11.10 equipment for evacuating gases, etc. not relevant

© BSI 08-1999 15
16 blank
 BS EN 608:1995

List of references

See national foreword.

© BSI 08-1999
BS EN
608:1995
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