UK = foundation state

specific political entity

The UK = Scotland England Wales and Northern Ireland
England /=/ The UK or GB
British Isle = geographic name

1st to 5th CE = Britannia was Roman

When Roman left, Anglo-Saxon tribes ruled over different areas.

Over 100 years of Viking raids.

King Alfred : 9th CE = the “idea” of England

Fought Vikings and pushed them North,

made alliances with welsh and Mercia
Winchester as capital

11 C : an organized nation coveted by the French and the Danes

1066 Battle of Hastings

William the Conqueror, a Norman, invaded England, whose king was Harold
II

William = powerful in Europe, strong support (the Pope + European nobility)

When he landed on shores of England Harol left and William marched on

Hastings.

Harold managed to gather a 7000 men army (mostly peasants) and advanced
on Hastings.

Conquering Wales

13th Century – Edward I set about conquering Wales ( trade routes)

1283 – Wales was divided in 2 : Principality ( ruled by the king) and the rest
by Welsh lord (1/3 of the land)
1284 – Statute of Rhuddlan = The end of the Welsh independence.

ANNEXATION BUT NOT INCORPORATION

1536 – 1543 : Acts of Unions between England and the whole of Wales
The Welsh could be represented in Parliament IF they were able to speak
English.