UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COURSE NAME: DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

COURSE CODE: DS 112

ASSIGNMENT: SEMINAR PRESENTATION WORK

SEMINAR LEADER: GERARD MASALAGO

SEMINAR VENUE: SR 8

SEMINAR TIME: 1900-2000 HRS

GROUP NO: 02

S/N NAME REG.NO SIGNATURE

1 ABDUL SAIDI SAMIKE 2021-04-11138

2 SAID MUSTAFFA WINACK 2021-04-12590

3 FABIANI ANSELEMI 2021-04-05854

MARCO

4 KHATIB BUKHAR OMAR 2021-04-03840

QUESTION 02:

The fact that Rostow's "stage of growth" was an anti-communist manifesto raises questions
about the validity of his theory as a theory of development. Discuss critically.
According to Kattie, (2005) . Rostow's used analogy of an aeroplane moving along the runway
until it reaches the take-off and then soaring into the sky. To demonstrate that this was a route
that all countries could take. He provided information about when different countries of the
world had reached certain stages. Rostow's therefore fitted into the conception of development as
being modernity to be gain through the following wester models of success. It is probably the
best example of what has been termed modernization theory.

The following are the stages of that Rostow's proposed for a country to attain it's development
from a lower level of development to higher level as follows;

Traditional stage, according to Kattie, (2005) . The society would be based on agriculture, pre-
newtonian science technology, family clan allegiances key and pre-nation state. Taking USA as
an example, traditional native American subsistance and hunter gathered societies. European
settler focus on trade of agricultural goods, so if a country would begin with this stage they will
be at a first stage of development.

Pre-take off stage, according to Kattie, (2005) . The society's savings and investments rates
above population growth rates. National level organization and institution, new elites changes
often triggered by external intrusions. Taking USA as an example during the 1815-1840's focus
on economic activities after independence gain in 1776. Higher productivity in agriculture
example cotton production, large scale infrastructure projects with government funding, erie
canal and railway network.

Take-off stage, according to Kattie, (2005) . Stimulus to take off needed political revolutions,
technical innovations, changing international economic environment. Investments and savings
rate would rise from 5-10 percent of national income. Substantial manufacturing sector
appropriate institutional arrangement example banking systems. Taking US as an example during
the 1843-1860's, North American took-off during this period while South American didn't untill
the 1930's. Expansion of railways into midwest in 1850's associated with inflow foreign capital
and with massive expansion grain exports due to growth of manufacturing in East.

Drive to maturity stage, according to Kattie, (2005) . During this stage there would be extended
range of technology adopted, development of new sectors, investment and savings would be at
10-20 percent of the total national income. Taking US as an example, during the 1900 had
expansion of steel production characterized by increased agricultural productivity and focused
economic development policies.

Age of high-mass consumption, according to Kattie, (2005). In this stage a state would archive
wide spread consumption of durable consumer goods and services characterized by increased
spreading on welfare services. Taking US as a study case during the 1900's onwards there evolve
a middle class as move into urban employment in manufacturing, transport, construction,
massive increase in consumer purchases example cars and cigarettes. In 1913-1914 there evolve
also ford assembly lines.

According to Rostow's ideas on development there came several people asked several questions
due to his views on how a country would develop with only a few five steps in series and not any
other way? So this brought challenge as follows;

The challenge that older nations like Western Europe, North America and Japan, perhaps joined
in time by the Soviet union and eastern Europe, that they will face four major uncertainties that
are firstly, can they maintain the vitality and cohesion to preside over peaceful ending in a cold
war? Secondly, can they assist members of the forth class to peaceful transition of technological
maturity? Thirdly, can they lead a way to control back the environmental degradation? Fourth,
can they assure that late comers are assisted to their level of development by external support
efficiently so that they can accomplish take-off stage? Rostow, (1990) .

According to Rostow, (1990) . The fate of societies that appear still trapped in pre conditions to
take-off, they are not traditional societies because world of contemporary technology is so
powerful and intrusive that it has introduced elements of modernity in all nations. Nevertheless,
perhaps twenty percent of human race a billion or so men, women and children lives in a country
that has not yet attained self sustained growth. This group includes most sub-saharan Africa,
Bangladesh, Burma, Yemen, Afghanistan and Vietnam. This list suggests that many have
forestalled entrance into take-off climate, historical and cultural heritage, partial or total rejection
of modernity as an explicit objective or various combination of these frustrating constraints. So
this would undermine the development of African states according to Rostow's consideration
stages they will be locked down to the stage of preconditions to take-off or the take-off stage.
Unless they use alternative method they will not succeed.
According to Rostow, (1990) . There is nothing in the stages that can declare that all nations or
societies must accept the goal of modernization. Considering the advantages and costs of
economic growth against those of their traditional societies, nations might well decide to choose
consciously for the later as have some American Indians and for time Burma. But in the world of
modern weapons, communication and technology is difficult to decide and sustain. Example, in
Burma virtually it is impossible for responsible political leaders to reject measures of public
health that will lengthen their life span but put more pressure on the food supply that
demonstrated in moving from food surplus to deficit in it's period of purposeful withdrawal from
modernization.

According to Rostow, (1990) . Development of Sub-saharan Africa are the most challenging
both because of their scale and because as nearly as one can judge the popular desire for
development appears authentication. The plight of these aspiring but frustrated people was made
vivid by a question put 'Whats wrong with your theory?' considering that the fact that African
had attained independence since twenty years and some sixty years ago but still not yet
developed. So this challenges Rostow's from his theorem.

Now therefore according to the above observation we have noticed that Rostow's development
theorems are not to be abide since carefully since the area of experience was in part away from
our local land, hence the observation are to be taken carefully to prevent from declining or total
under development. The government support should be the most objective priority in supporting
all the activities in a country to ensure that a development is archived. Also the investments
programmes should be also be carefully observed to prevent the developed country from
benefiting more as our own resources.
REFERENCES:

Kattie, W . (2005) . Theories and Practices of Development: London, Routledge.

W. W. Rostow, (1990) . Business and Economics : Cambridge University Press.