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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Halogen exchange to prepare

alkyl iodides

Finkelstein Reaction R–X + NaI → R–I + NaX

X = Cl, Br

Halogen exchange to prepare

alkyl fluorides
Swarts Reaction
H3C–Br → H3C–F + AgBr

Sandmeyer’s
Reaction
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

SN1 - 3° > 2° > 1°

Order of Reactivity
of Alkyl Halides for SN2 - 1° > 2° > 3°
SN1 and SN2
For a given alkyl group (R–X)
Reactions R–I > R–Br > R–Cl >> R–F

Molecules are non-

superimposable on their mirror
image

Chirality Optically active

An asymmetric or chiral carbon

contains 4 different groups
attached to it
Stereoisomers that are mirror
images and are non-
superimposable

They have identical physical

Enantiomers properties

They differ with respect to the

rotation of plane polarised light,
i.e. dextrorotatory and
laevorotatory
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

It is a mixture containing two

enantiomers in an equal amount
Racemic Mixture
zero optical rotation

Wurtz Reaction 2RX + 2Na → RR + 2NaX

Friedel-Crafts
Reaction
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Flashcards for NEET Biology: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

C6H5X + Na + RX → C6H5R +
Wurtz-Fittig Reaction NaX, in dry ether

2C6H5X + 2Na → Diphenyl +

Fittig Reaction 2NaX, in dry ether