BS EN 1022:2023

Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

bsi.
BS EN 1022:2023 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1022:2023. It
supersedes BS EN 1022:2018, which is withdrawn.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

Committee FW/0, Furniture.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its committee manager.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no
representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or
implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be
accepted by BS! in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or
reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and
liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.

This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the

recipient's own risk.

The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with

respect to its use of this publication.

This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are

responsible for its correct application.

© The British Standards Institution 2023

Published by BS! Standards Limited 2023

ISBN 978 0 539 16291 2

JCS 97.110

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2023.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BS EN 1022:2023

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1022

NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM November 2023

ICS 97.140 Supersedes EN 1022:2018

English Version

Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

Mobilier - Sieges - Determination de la stabilite Mabel - Sitzrnobel - Bestimmung der Standsicherheit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 October 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tiirkiye and
United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITE EURO PEEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPAISCHES I<OMITEE FUR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, 8-1040 Brussels

© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1022:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Contents Page

European foreword 3
1 Scope 4
2 Normative references 4
3 Terms and definitions 4
4 General test conditions 7
4.1 General 7
4.2 Application of forces 7
4.3 Tolerances 8
5 Test equipment 8
5.1 General 8
5.2 Loading point template 8
5.3 Floor 12
5.4 Stops 12
5.5 Stability loading pad 12
5.6 Stability loading device 14
5.7 Loading discs 15
5.8 Support apparatus 15
5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests 16
5.10 Local loading pad 16
5.11 Seat loading pad 16
6 Determination of seat and back loading points 17
6.1 Single column seats 17
6.2 All other seating 18
6.3 Loungers 20
6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point 20
7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers 20
7.1 General. 20
7 .2 Requirements 23
7.3 Test procedures, all seating 23
7.4 Additional test procedures for seating with reclining back rests 33
8 Loungers 40
8.1 General 40
8.2 Requirements 42
8.3 Test procedures 42
9 Test report 43
Annex A (normative) Seat loading pad data 44
Annex B (normative) Test parameters 47
----A-nnex-€-fi-n-formativet-5emi~circu-la-r-section-l-oad·ing-point-t-emplate 4

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 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 1022:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 207 "Furniture", the
secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 1022:2018.

EN 1022:2023 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 1022:2018:

The scope has been amended to specifically exclude products that require the user to actively affect
stability,

The definition of arm rest has been improved.

The sideways stability of seating with swivelling arm rest pads has been defined.

The standard has been aligned with other standards to refer to single column seating, rather than
swivelling seating.

A modified loading point template has been introduced.

The sideways stability test for seating with raised side edges has been improved.

Rearwards stability tests for loungers have been introduced.

The clarification of rearward stability of multi-position reclining seating has been introduced.

Requirements for single column seating with reclining back rests and foot/leg rests has been added.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users' national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkiye and the United
Kingdom.

3
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

1 Scope
This document specifies test methods and requirements for the determination of the stability of all types
of seating for adults weighing up to 110 kg, without regard to use, materials, design/construction or
manufacturing process.
The test methods described can be used for seating for children and heavier adults by modifying test
loads and loading points.
This document does not apply to seating for sitting, perching or leaning that requires an action from the
user in order to keep the body posture in a stable position.
This document does not apply to children's highchairs, table mounted chairs and bath seats which are
covered by other European Standards.
This document contains three Annexes:
Annex A (normative) - Seat loading pad data
Annex B (normative) - Test parameters
Annex C (informative) - Semi-circular section of seat and back loading template

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and !EC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/

!EC Electropedia: available at https: //www.electropedia.org/

3.1
arm rest
part of the seating able to support the arms of the user when seated, with a height above the seat loading
point of at least 100 mm, but not greater at any point in the horizontal plane than 400 mm above the seat
loading point, extending horizontally forward at least 175 mm from the back loading point

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

4
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

1,-·· 1
::::===~
===:rr,-··J

Key
1 seat loading point
2 arm rest zone

Figure 1 - Arm rest zone

3.2
back rest
element that supports the back of the user higher than 100 mm above the height of the seat loading point

3.3
foot rest
part intended to support the feet of the user which assists the user getting on or off an item of seating

Note 1 to entry: A foot rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating.

3.4
leg rest
extension of the seat area intended to support the legs of the user

Note 1 to entry: A leg rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating, and may
not be suitable for use as an item of seating itself.

3.5
load bearing structure
components of the item of seating such as the frame, seat, back and arm supports and suspension which
are able to bear forces

3.6
lounger
item of seating intended for reclined posture with at least one back rest position such that back rest angle
is 45 degrees or less to the horizontal, and a leg rest which is an integral part of the product and intended
to support the full body weight of a user

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Key
e back rest angle

Figure 2 - Example of lounger

3.7
median plane
vertical plane running from front to rear through the centre of the seat, dividing the item of seating into
two parts

Note 1 to entry: In most instances the two parts are symmetrical.

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 3.

Key
1 transverse plane
2 median plane
A scat loading pninr

Figure 3 - Transverse and median plane

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 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

3.8
overturning
action where an item of seating pivots to a position beyond which the item continues to fall

3.9
raised side edge
side edge of the item of seating, higher than 50 mm above the height of the seat loading point

3.10
stability
ability to withstand forces that tend to cause the loaded seating to overturn

3.11
supporting point
foot of a leg, castor or glide

3.12
single column seat
item of seating, whose upper part, which includes the seat, is mounted on a single support with a diameter
of up to 120 mm at its narrowest point

3.13
transverse plane
vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane passing through the seat loading point

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.

4 General test conditions

4.1 General

The furniture shall be tested as delivered. Knock-down furniture shall be assembled according to the
instructions supplied with it. Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing.
If the furniture can be assembled or combined in different ways, the most adverse configuration shall be
used for each test.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the sample for test shall be stored in indoor ambient
conditions for at least 24 h immediately prior to testing.
The tests shall be carried out at indoor ambient conditions but if during a test the temperature is outside
the range 15 °C to 27 °C the maximum and/or minimum temperature shall be recorded in the test report.
4.2 Application of forces

The test forces shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that negligible dynamic load is applied.
Unless otherwise stated, overturning forces shall be maintained for (5 ± 2) seconds.
For rearwards stability tests defined in 7.4.2, 7 .4.3, and 7.4.4, the loading discs shall be applied within
60 sand then maintained in position for 60 ± 5 s.
The forces may be replaced by masses. The relationship 10 N = l kg shall be used.
The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment shall be considered when applying the test
load.

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

4.3 Tolerances

Unless otherwise stated the following tolerances are applicable:

forces: ± 5 % of the nominal force;

masses:± 1 % of the nominal mass;

dimensions: all dimensions less than 300 mm shall have a tolerance of± 1 mm of the nominal
dimension, all other dimensions shall have a tolerance of± 0,5 % of the nominal dimension;

angles:± 2° of the nominal angle.

The accuracy for the positioning of loading pads shall be± 5 mm.
For the purposes of uncertainty measurement, test results are not considered to be adversely affected
when the above tolerances are met.

5 Test equipment
5.1 General

The equipment shall not inhibit deformation nor cause unnatural deformation of the unit/component, i.e.
it shall be able to move so that it can follow the deformation of the unit/component during testing.
All loading pads shall be capable of pivoting in relation to the direction of the applied force. The pivot
point shall be as close as practically possible to the load surface.
If a loading pad tends to slide, use a slip resistant material between the loading device and the item of
seating.
Unless otherwise specified, the tests may be applied by any suitable device because results are dependent
only upon correctly applied forces and not upon the apparatus.
5.2 Loading point template
Consisting of two shaped members (see Figure 4) fastened together by a pivot at one end. The contours
of the shaped surfaces are so devised as to sink into the upholstery. A semi-circular section (Figure 5) is
fitted to the seat portion, in such a way that the arc of the semi-circular section is in line with the back
template when set to 90° (see Figure 6) and it is 75mm higher in comparison to the seat loading point A
to simulate the top of the seat loading pad (see Figure 11). For this purpose, the loading point template,
with an additional mass applied at the seat loading point, shall be 20:~ kg.

The weight of distribution of different parts of the template is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 - Weight distribution of template components

Mass of the seat Mass of the back Mass of the additional Total weight
portion, including the portion mass (kg)
additional plate (kg) (kg)
(kg)

(2 ± 1) (1,7 ± 0,7) (16 ± 1,5) 20+-01

The apparatus is marked as shown in Figure 6a).

8
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

\
l
107
2
\
0
Lf"\ '\
l'\p
' 0
..;t
~

9 J
4,_ 3 I
~ A

s-.
6
'
,I j

=
N p 0
N

I/
Lf"\

,,
N
, j

Key
1
- 20
8
87
- 20

1 top of back portion 6 seat portion

2 rear of seat portion 7 front of seat portion
3 back portion 8 bottom of back portion
4 seat loading point (A) 9 loading point for additional load (D)
5 back loading point (B) p pivot point

Figure 4 - Loading surface curves for loading point template

9
 -
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

50

0
N

340

<D
-!--~------------~---~-----------~

Figure 5 - Semi-circular section

10
- --
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
130

3---
5 4
B rn
~
1./"'1
440

6 5
C 1
1./"'1
er,
~ =
N
N

-1"
-1"
=~
N ~,......
~ 75 ~

50
A
140

Jk 1==½
a) Marking of the loading point template

b) Example of loading point template assembly

Key
1 typical section of back portion 8 semi-circular section
2 typical section of seat portion A seat loading point (all seating except stools)
3 back portion B back loading point ( all seating except stools)
4 flange C seat loading point (stools)
s straight edge for the determination of seat or back inclination D loading point for additional load
6 seat portion (stools) P pivot pomt
7 mark to fix 90°

Figure 6 - Loading point template

11
 .....

BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

So that the template can be positioned easily with the two members at 90° to each other, a line is drawn
on the back portion.
5.3 Floor

Horizontal, flat and rigid with a smooth surface.

5.4 Stops
Unless otherwise stated, stops shall be of the minimum height required to prevent sliding and shall not
inhibit overturning.
5.5 Stability loading pad

A loading pad as shown in Figure 7. The circular pad may be made of any suitable material (e.g. plastic or
wood). The extension piece shall be made of aluminium. Where it is not possible to use the pad with
extension piece, a stability loading pad without the extension piece may be used.
The mass of the stability loading pad is not defined hut shall be considered during force applications.

12
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

240
25

------------ --- 0
l()

l()
N

'
nl A

: : I c::::=J 025
LJ i ------a
n1
LJ !
--------------t------------
c==:=J
n i c==:=J
LJ I
n1 1--:=J
LJ I
I

Key
a grip material on a 300 mm R surface, recessed into a groove so that only the gripper teeth protrude. The
carpet gripper placement shown is one example, other configurations are acceptable
A Enlarged detail of the locating point for the rod (see item 3 in Figure 9) of the front and side stability loading
fixture"

Figure 7 - Stability loading pad

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

5.6 Stability loading device

A loading device in principle functioning as shown in Figure 8.

Key
a hold down strap
b centre line of seat
c for details see Figure 7
d for details see Figure 9

Figure 8 - Stability loading device - principle

14
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

3
X
·x
I
3
I
2~
- - 19
i
I
4

Key
1 sufficient to clear all foam and fabric and allow for set back
2 centre line/centre of gravity of weight
3 rod with spherical tip
4 additional load
X enlarged detail of rod with spherical tip

Figure 9 - Example of front and side stability loading fixture

5.7 Loading discs

Discs with a mass of 10 kg each, with a diameter of 350 mm and a thickness of 48 mm. The centre of
gravity shall be the centre of the disc. The surface friction of the disc (disc to disc) shall be such that the
force to initiate movement shall be 31 N ± 9 N.
5.8 Support apparatus
An apparatus to support the main stack of the loading discs in reclining seating tests. It shall be as light
as possible and not heavier than 2,5 kg. Figure 10 shows a basic design.

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 height adjustable support bars
2 pivot point

Figure 10 - Support apparatus

5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests

Polypropylene sheet 1,5 mm± 0,65 mm thick, 360 mm± 10 mm wide and 700 mm± 15 mm high.
5.10 Local loading pad

Rigid cylindrical object 100 mm in diameter, with a flat face and a 12 mm edge radius.
5.11 Seat loading pad

Naturalistically shaped rigid indenter with a hard, smooth surface having overall dimensions within the
limits shown in Figure 11.
For details of design see Annex A.

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 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

390±15

i
i
i
i
i
i
I 1

- ---------V-----
i
--
i
i
i
I
I

Key
1 seat loading point

Figure 11 - Seat loading pad - Overall dimensions

6 Determination of seat and back loading points

6.1 Single column seats
6.1.1 Seat loading point "A"

The point at which the single column seat's axis (whether rotating or not) intersects with the seat surface
when the seat is in a position as close as possible to the horizontal.
NOTE Single column seating with adjustable seat depth and back rest height will have loading points marked
differently depending on the positions defined in Table 2.

Points A and 8 shall be defined after the components are set according to Table 2.
6.1.2 Back loading point "B"

Point 8 on the centre line of the back rest is determined using the loading point template (5.2), which is
applied to the seat surface.
If it is not possible to find Point 8 according to the template, then it shall be located 300 mm over the
point A which was used to measure seat height.

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

6.2 All other seating

6.2.1 General

The seat and back loading points shall be determined using the template as specified in 5.i in the manner
specified in 6.2.2 or 6.2.3.
In some cases it may not be possible to determine the loading points by means of the template.
In such cases the seat loading point (A) shall be 175 mm forward of the seat/back junction, or at the point
closest to this that allows the seat load to be applied. The back loading point (B) shall be a point 300 mm
upward from the seat/back junction.
Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by
the above method, the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending
moment (back force, N, multiplied by floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.
If the number of seats in the item is not obvious, divide the total seat length (in mm) by 600 mm and
round to the nearest whole number to determine the number of seats. Divide the total seat length into
seats of equal length.
6.2.2 Seating with a back rest

For seating with adjustable back rests, set the back rest to its most upright position.
Adjust the template such that the angle between the seat and back portions is 90°.
For upholstered and flexible seating position the loaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as
far towards the rear as possible, without applying force to the back rest. Adjust the position of the
template by pushing the back loading portion into the back of the seating so that it is in contact with the
back rest, allowing the shape of the seat portion of the template to correlate with that of the seat (see
Figure 12a).
For rigid seating, position the unloaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as far towards
the rear as possible without applying force to the back rest.

Adjust the position of the template by pushing the back loading portion into the back so that it is in
contact with the back rest and apply the specified load to the template.

Where possible, ensure that point A on the template is in contact with the seating surface (see
Figure 12b). Where this is not possible ensure the top of the horizontal part of the loading point
template is as close to horizontal as possible.

In cases where the template can be settled in more than one position, the position having the smallest
angle between the seat and back portions of the template shall be used.

The angle shall in no cases be less than 90°.

Mark the required seat loading point (A), and back loading point (B) from the template. If relevant,
repeat the procedures on the other seat(s).

Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by
the above method, the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending
moment (back force, N, multiplied by floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.
6.2.3 Seating without a back rest

Set up the template (5.2) at 90° as shown in Figure 6. Place it on each seating position as shown in
Figure 12c). Mark the seat loading point (A) with the aid of the mark C from the template.

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 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

a) Upholstered/flexible seating with a back

b) Rigid seating with a back

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

1---

c) Seating without a back/stools

Key
1 front of stool
A seat loading point - seating with back rests
B back loading point
C seat loading point - seating without back rests

Figure 12 - Determination of seat and back loading point

6.3 Loungers

Seat and back loading points shall be determined using the procedure defined in 6.2.
6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point

Place the seat loading pad (5.11) on the seat surface so that point 1 of the seat loading pad (5.11) is as
close as possible to the seat loading point (A). Apply a force of 600 N at point 1 of the seat loading pad
(5.11). The height of the seat loading point (H) is the distance from the floor to the seat surface at loading
point 1 of the seat loading pad (5.11 ).
The mass of the seat loading pad shall be considered when applying the force.
NOTE I fit is not possible to align Point A from the seat loading pad (5.11) with Point A over the column (6.1.1),
the measurement of seat height, H, (6.4) will be taken as the point given by the seat loading pad (5.11), in the closest
possible location to Point A over the column (6.1.1).

7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers

7.1 General

The stability tests defined in Clause 7 are not applicable to seating which has both the height of the seat
loading point (6.4) < 200 mm and a mass< 5 kg.
Position the seating on the floor (5.3) with its components as specified in Table 2.

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 EN 1022:2023 (E)

Table 2 - Positioning of seating components

Tilt
Backrest Back rest Castors and
Clause Test Seat height Seat stiffness Arm rest Foot rest Leg rest
in height position base
adjustment

7.3.1 Forwards highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to
overturning position position position position tension to cause to cause cause cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.2 Forwards highest foremost most most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to
overturning for position position onerous position tension to cause to cause cause cause
seating with position overturning overturning overturning overturning
foot rest

7.3.3 Corner stability highest foremost most most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to
test position position onerous position tension to cause to cause cause cause
position overturning overturning overturning overturning

7.3.4 Sideways highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely - most likely to most likely to
overturning, all position position position position tension to cause cause cause
seating without overturning overturning overturning
arm rests
0::,
7.3.5 Sideways highest foremost highest most upright maximum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to (./)

overturning, all position position position position tension to cause to cause cause cause rn
z
other seating overturning overturning overturning overturning 1---'
a 0
N
N
N
0
N
w
21
 EN 1022:2023(E) 0::,
(/)

m
z
f--\
0
N
Tilt N
Backrest Back rest Castors and N
Clause Test Seat height Seat stiffness Arm rest Foot rest Leg rest 0
in height position base N
adjustment w

7.3.6 Rearwards highest rearmost highest most upright minimum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to
overturning, all position position position position tension to cause to cause cause cause
seating with overturning overturning overturning overturning
backrests

7.4 Additional test highest rearmost highest most reclined minimum most likely most likely most likely to most likely to
procedures for position position position position tension to cause to cause cause cause
seating with overturning overturning overturning overturning
reclining back
rests

aFor arm rests (3.1) swivelling in the horizontal plane, the arm rest shall be set to the most onerous locked position, but not more than 20° from the median plane. If the arm
rest pads are not locked in position and if they continue to move, the application of force shall be continued.
I

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 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

7.2 Requirements

When tested according to 7.3 and 7.4, the seating shall not overturn. Where loads are not specified in
other standards, the requirements contained in Table 8.1 shall be used.
7.3 Test procedures, all seating
7.3.1 Forwards overturning

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the front or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
For seating with a single seat apply the force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at the
point on the centre line of the seat 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure.
NOTE For upholstered furniture one method to determine the front edge of the load bearing structure is to
push the front edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

For seating with multiple seats simultaneously apply two forces of F1 each vertically, by means of the
loading pad (5.5) acting at the point on the centre line of the seats 60 mm behind the front edge of the
load bearing structure, at the positions most likely to cause overturning.
For rigid seats with a large radius front edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied 60 mm from the front edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm behind
the point nearest the front edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest point of
the front edge of the seat (see Figure 13).
Dimensions in millimetres

60

Key
x highest point on the front edge of the seat surface
y point 20 mm below the highest point on the front edge of the seat
F1 vertical force

Figure 13 - Loading point for rigid seating with large radius at front edges

At each loaded position apply a force F2 horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward
from the point where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 14).
For items of seating with a leg rest attached to the structure of the item, and where the leg rest is designed
to support the weight of the user, the test procedure shall be repeated with the leg rest fully extended
and the force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at the point on the centre line of the
leg rest 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure.

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BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

For items of seating with a leg rest not designed to support the weight of the user the test is not applicable
to the leg rest.
Dimensions in millimetres

a) Single column seats

b)
--60

Seating with a back rest

24
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

F,

,---____.t.___. . . . ►_ f2

---....U....---l---'-' ~'----

c)
-- 60

Seating without a back rest

Key
F1 vertical force
Fz horizontal force

Figure 14 - Forwards overturning for seating and stools

7.3.2 Forwards overturning for seating with foot rest

For seating with foot rests of tubular construction, or where the foot rest depth is less than 120 mm,
repeat the procedure in 7.3.1 applying the vertical force F1 at the most onerous point along the centre
line of the tube, or the middle of the foot rest surface, by any suitable means.
For all other seating with foot rests apply the vertical force F1 at the most onerous point 60 mm from the
edge of the foot rest by means of the local loading pad (5.10).
For foot rests apply a force F2 horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward from the
point where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the foot rest.
7.3.3 Corner stability test

This test is only applicable on seating where it is possible to apply the stability loading pad (5.5) at the
specified position. Where features such as arms prevent the loading pad from being applied at the
specified position, the test is not applicable.
Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the front, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
The loading point shall be defined as the point 60 mm from the edge of the load bearing structure on a
line that passes through the seat loading point and the intersection of lines parallel to the transverse and
median planes, projected from the most forward point of the load bearing structure and the side edges of
the load bearing structure of the seat at the widest point on the seat at, or in front of, the transverse plane
(see Figure 15).
For seating with a single seat apply a force F1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) acting at the
loading point (see Figure 16). For seating with multiple seats apply a force F1 at the loading point on one
outside seating position.
For rigid seating with a large radius edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied 60 mm from the edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm behind the
point nearest the edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest point of the edge of
the seat utilizing the principle shown in Figure 13.

25
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

NOTE For upholstered furniture one method to determine the front edge of the load bearing structure is to
push the front edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

Dimensions in millimetres

(b fb
-----+----- - -·-·-·-·-·+·-·-·-·-·- -
i
i i A /a
jA /a . ----f----
I
--·--7----- - I / I
./ I / i
/ .
/
I.
'
i __ --1-5_ _1_ _
/ I . / I
/X j I · I
.i
/ '
I. I ·
/ . I.
. I I/ I
i{---- ' -----
b
Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
A seat loading point
X corner stability loading point

Figure 15 - Determination of corner stability loading point

26
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

60

a) Single column seats b) All other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
C stops
A seat loading point
F1 vertical force

Figure 16 - Corner stability test for seating with or without back rests

7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all seating without arm rests

This test is applicable to all seating where the top edge of the seat on the transverse plane is SO mm or
less above the height of the loaded seat loading point (6.4). The transverse plane shall pass through the
seat loading point.
NOTE 1 This test can also be suitable for chairs with raised side edges where it is possible to carry out the test
without modification to the test method.

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F 1 vertically by means of the loading pad (5.5) at a point 60 mm behind the edge of the load
bearing structure on the side nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane of the seat.
NOTE 2 For upholstered furniture one method to determine the side edge of the load bearing structure is to push
the side edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

For rigid seating with a large radius side edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied 60 mm from the side edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied 60 mm behind
the point nearest the side edge of the load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest point of the
side edge of the seat, utilizing the principle shown in Figure 13, and on the transverse plane.
Apply a sideways force F2 horizontally outwards, perpendicular to the median plane, along a line from
the point where the base of the loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 17).

27
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Single column seats b) All other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
H height of the horizontal force above floor level
F1 vertical force
Fz horizontal force

Figure 17 - Sideways overturning for seating without arms

7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all other seating

7.3.5.1 General

This test is applicable to all seating with arms, or where the top edge of the seat on the transverse plane
is more than 50 mm above the height of the seat loading point (A).
7.3.5.2 Seating with arm rests

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F1 vertically by means of any suitable device (see Figure 18), at a point 100 mm to the side
of the median plane of the seat which is nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane.
Apply a force Fz vertically by any suitable device, at a position on the centre line of the arm up to a
maximum 40 mm inwards from the outside edge of the arm structure at the intersection of the arm rest
and the transverse plane, but not less than 40 mm from the front or rear edge of the arm structure.
If the transverse plane does not intersect with the arm rest, apply the force Fz, 40 mm from the point at
the front or rear of the arm rest structure that is nearest the transverse plane.
Apply a horizontal force F3 outwards, perpendicular to the median plane, for at least 5 s, at the upper
surface of the arm rest in line with the vertical force F2 and on the side with stopped feet (Figure 18).

28
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Single column seats b) All other seating

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
c stops
F1 vertical force on seat
Fz vertical force on arm/seat edge
F3 horizontal force

Figure 18 - Sideways overturning for seating with arm rests

7.3.5.3 Seating with raised edges

NOTE 1 In some instances the most suitable test for seating with raised side edges can be 7.3.4 Sideways
overturning, all seating without arms, when it is possible to carry out the test method without modification.

Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on one side, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
Apply a force F1 vertically by any suitable device, (see Figure 20), at a point 100 mm to the side of the
median plane of the seat which is nearest the stopped feet and on the transverse plane.
Apply a force F2, by any suitable device, at a position no greater than 40 mm inwards from the outside
edge of load bearing structure of the raised edge on the side nearest the stopped feet and on the
transverse plane of the seat.
NOTE 2 For upholstered furniture one method to determine the edge of the load bearing structure is to push the
side edge of the item of seating against a rigid post until any upholstery is compressed.

For rigid seats with a large radius side edge, where the geometry does not allow the vertical load to be
applied within 40 mm from the side edge of the load bearing structure, the load shall be applied at the
highest point but not more than 40mm from the outer edge, behind the point nearest the side edge of the
load bearing structure, that is 20 mm below the highest point of the side edge of the seat (see Figure 19).

29
 ---

BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

! 2 I
~ f--6----2
'
I I
I I
'
I I
I 3 I 3

a) Raised edge less than 40mm wide b) Raised edge greater than 40mm wide
Key
1 highest point on the side edge of the seat surface (point of application of vertical force Fz]
2 median plane
3 cross section of seat

Figure 19 - Loading point for raised at side edges

The forces F1 and Fz may be replaced by a resultant force, FR, applied at the most suitable point on the
transverse plane, that provides the same overturning moment of the combined forces, F1 and Fz, when
measured from the intersection of the transverse plane and a line joining the stopped feet (Figure 20).
Apply a horizontal force F3 outwards, perpendicular to median plane, at the upper surface of the raised
edge in line with the vertical force F2 and on the side with stopped feet (Figure 20).

30
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a a

"-._c "-._ C

a) With force F1 and Fz b) With resultant force FR

Key
a transverse plane
b median plane
C line joining stopped feet
d stops
F1 vertical force on seat
Fz vertical force on arm/seat edge
F3 horizontal force
FR resultant force

Figure 20 - Sideways overturning for seating with raised side edges

31
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

b F1
I
· 100
1-------
1

I
I

C
,
dR
_ I
C

a) With force F1 and Fz b) With resultant force FR

Key
b median plane
c line joining stopped feet
F1 vertical force on seat
Fz vertical force on arm/seat edge
F3 horizontal force
FR resultant force
di distance from line joining stopped feet to F1
dz distance from line joining stopped feet to Fz
dt: distance from line joining stopped feet to F« where F11 * d« = (F1 * d1} - (Fz "dz]
NOTE Above formula is applicable when the balancing point is between F1 and F2.

Figure 21 - View through transverse plane showing calculation of resultant force FR

7.3.6 Rearwards overturning all seating with back rests

The test is not applicable to seating that has adjustable back rest inclination that cannot be locked in
position.
For seating that has an adjustable back rest inclination that can be locked in position, it shall be locked in
the most upright position. When an independent lumbar adjustment is fitted it shall be set in the most
adverse configuration.
Position the seating on the floor surface (5.3) with two adjacent supporting points on the back, or base
restrained by stops (5.4).
For swivel chairs, the seat height (H) should be measured as for all other chairs in accordance with 6.4.
Apply a vertical force F1 to the seat by means of the loading pad (5.5) at the seat loading point (A).

32
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Apply the force F2 horizontally in a rearward direction to the back of the seating at the back loading point,
B, or at the top edge of the back rest, whichever is the lower (Figure 22).
When the seating has more than one sitting place, carry out the procedure on two most adverse sitting
places simultaneously.
If the back rest is pivoting around a horizontal axis above the height of the seat and is free to move, the
horizontal force shall be applied on the axis. If the back rest is height adjustable, the axis of rotation shall
be set as close as possible to the loading point (B).
Dimensions in millimetres

0
0
rn

/
/

a) Single column seats b) All other seating

Key
A seat loading point
B back loading point
H height of the loaded seat above floor level
F1 vertical force
Fz horizontal force

Figure 22 - Rearwards overbalancing

7.4 Additional test procedures for seating with reclining back rests
7.4.1 General

In addition to the tests in 7.3, seating with reclining back rests shall be subjected to the tests for tilting or
reclining, as specified below provided their geometry falls within the reclining angle ranges defined for
the appropriate tests.
For seating with multiple reclining back rests the tests shall be carried out on two reclining positions
simultaneously.

33
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Seating with back rests permanently reclined which fall within the reclining angle ranges for reclining
chairs, shall be tested as reclining chairs.
The test shall be carried out with the seating in the fully tilted or reclined condition.
y is the angle between the seat and back.
0 is the angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal (Figure 23a, Figure 24a and Figure 26a).
For seating with shaped or padded seats or backs the load position template (5.2) shall be used to
establish the relevant angles of inclination (see Figure 23a).
If the height of the stack of loading discs (5.7) used in tests 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4 and 7.4.5 exceeds the height
of the back rest, prevent the upper discs from sliding off by the use of the support (5.9).
7.4.2 Tilting seating

The test method applies to all values of 0 ~ 10° and values ofy between 90° and 170°.
If the seating has a locking system, it shall be disabled.
Load the seat with the specified number of loading discs (5.7) so that the discs are firmly settled against
the back rest, as shown in Figure n.

34
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

a) Determination of 0 and y angles

b) Practical example oftest method

Key
0 angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal
y angle between the seat and back
1 support
2 loading discs

Figure 23 - Test for tilting chairs

7.4.3 Reclining seating with leg rest

The test method applies to all values of0;:: 10° and less than 55° and values ofy between 90° and 170°.
All other reclining seating with leg rests and values of 0;:: 55° and less than 90° shall be treated as tilting
seating (7.4.2)
With the seating in the fully reclined configuration, load the back of the seat with the specified number of
loading discs (5.7) by means of the support device (5.8) and place the specified number of loading discs
onto the leg rest (see Figure 24) at a distance Z from the intersection of the seat and back (see Figure 25
and Tahle ::3).

35
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

z
a) Test for reclining seating with leg rest

b) Practical example of test method: reclining seating with leg rest

Key
1 elastic cord
Z distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load
y angle between the seat and back
0 angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal

Figure 24 - Test for reclining seating with leg rest with practical example

36
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Table 3 - Values ofX and Z

ea xb zc,
(degrees) (mm) (mm)
0 474 614
10 424 564
20 375 515
30 325 464
45 252 392
60 194 314
a e is the angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal.
b Xis the distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing load
- reclining seating without leg rest
C Z is the distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load
- reclining seating with leg rest.

37
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

y
700 -I--~-~--~-~-~--

100 +----+---l----+-~--+---+--
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 W
Key
Z distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of leg rest load (reclining seating with leg
rest)
X distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing load (reclining seating without
leg rest)
Y values ofZ and X in millimetres
W 0 in degrees

Figure 25 - Values ofZ and X (mm)

7.4.4 Reclining seating without leg rest

The test method applies to all values of 0 ~ 10° and less than 45° and values of Y between 90° and 170°.
All reclining seating without leg rests, and all values of 0 ~ 45° and less than 90°, shall be treated as tilting
seating (7.4.2).
Load the back of the seating with the specified number of loading discs (5.7) by means of the support
device (5.8) and place the specified number of loading discs onto the front of the seat of the chair (see
Figure 26) at a distance X from the intersection of the seat and back (see Figure 25 and Table 3).

38
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

a) Test for reclining seating without leg rest

b) Practical example of test method: reclining seating without leg rest

Key
X distance from seat/back intersection point and centre of action of balancing load
y angle between the seat and back
e angle of inclination of the back from the horizontal

Figure 26 - Reclining seating without leg rest

7.4.5 Rearwards stability test for rocking chairs

This test replaces the rearwards overturning test from 7.3.6.

Load the chair with the specified number of loading discs (5. 7) so that the discs rest against the chair
back. When testing rocking chairs, it may be necessary to restrain the loading discs with lightweight
strapping, e.g. tape, string or webbing.
Move the chair forwards as far as is practicable or until the back is vertical (see Figure 27a). Allow the
chair to rock rearwards freely under gravity (see Figure 27b).

39
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

a) Method for rocking chairs: initial position

b) Method for rocking chairs: test movement

Figure 27 - Rocking chair stability

8 Loungers
8.1 General

The stability tests defined in Clause 8 are not applicable to loungers which have both a seat
height< 200 mm and a mass< 5 kg. The height shall be determined by measuring from the floor to the
upper surface of the seating area at the geometrical centre of the lounger loaded with 600 N applied
vertically downward using the loading pad (5.5).
Position the lounger on the floor (5.3) with its components as specified in Table 3.

40
 1

EN 1022:2023 (E)

Table 3 - Positioning of lounger components

Back rest in Back rest Tilt stiffness Castors and

Clause Test Seat height Seat Arm rest Foot rest
height in depth adjustment base

8.3.1 Forwards highest foremost most likely to foremost maximum most likely most likely most likely
overturning position position cause position tension to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

8.3.2 Sideways highest foremost highest foremost maximum most likely - -

overturning position position position position tension to cause
overturning

8.3.3 / Rearwards highest Rearmost most likely to foremost maximum most likely most likely most likely
8.3.4 overturning position position cause position tension to cause to cause to cause
overturning overturning overturning overturning

0:::,
C/l
tTl
z
I--"
0
N
N
N
0
N
w
41
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

8.2 Requirements

When tested according to 8.3, the seating shall not overturn. Where loads are not specified in other
standards thP. requirements contained in Ta hie 8.2 shall be used.
8.3 Test procedures
8.3.1 Forwards overturning

Apply a downwards force Fs.3 vertically, by means of the loading pad (5.5), acting at the point on the
median plane of the lounger, 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure. Apply a force Fs.4
horizontally outwards along a horizontal line extended forward from the point where the base of the
loading pad meets the upper surface of the seat (see Figure 28).
Dimensions in millimetres

rsJ r~.
-~ --·------------------------T1------....-

L
------
60
----
Key
Fs.3 vertical force
Fs.4 horizontal force
L length of lounger

Figure 28 - Forward overturning

8.3.2 Sideways overturning

Simultaneously apply vertical forces F s.1, by means of the loading pad (5.5), at the points that are on a line
60 mm from one side of the lounger. The loading pad extension piece(s) shall be perpendicular to the
median plane, facing towards the seat loading point. The first point shall be 300 mm from the front edge
of the structure of the lounger, with additional forces applied in 600 mm increments, but at least 300 mm
from the rear edge of the lounger (see Figure 29a).
For loungers with arm rests the distance of the vertical force Fs.1 shall be at least 300 mm from the front
edge of the arm rest construction. If the arm rest is more than 400 mm in length apply additional vertical
force Fs.2 in the centre of the arm rest (see Figure 29b).

42
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

fs1

>300 600 600 300

a) Lounger without arm rest

C>

'°

_>3_0_
0 6_00__ 1 300 1

b) Lounger with arm rest: test movement

Key
Fs.1 vertical force
Fs.2 vertical force

Figure 29 - Example of application points for sideways overturning

8.3.3 Rearwards stability - Upright position

The test shall be carried out according to the test procedure contained in 7.3.6.
8.3.4 Rearwards stability - Recline position

The test shall be carried out according to the test procedure contained in 7.4.3.

9 Test report
a) a reference to this Standard;
b) details of the item of seating tested;
c) details of defects observed before testing;
d) any variation from the specified temperature range;
e) the test results;
f) the name am! address uf the Lesl facility:
g) the date of test.

43
 .....

BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Annex A
(normative)

Seat loading pad data

The seat loading pad specified in 5.11 currently exists in two versions:
machined seat loading pad, as shown in Figure A.1;

moulded loading pad, as shown in Figure A.2.

44
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres
All dimensions ± 5 mm

i
i
i
i
.I- ·147
B
I
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

76
1-
Key
1 centre section cross hatched
2 RlOS (section A-A, see the top view)
3 R183 (section B B, sec the top view)
4 axis of the cone

Figure A.1 - Seat loading pad geometry - Machined construction

45
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
All dimensions ± 5 mm

381

0
0
u,

..:t
....
CD

Key
1 centre section cross hatched

Figure A.2 - Seat loading pad geometry - Moulded construction

46
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Test parameters

B.1 All seating other than loungers

Where loads are not specified in other standards the requirements contained in Table 8.1 shall be used.
Table B.1 - Test parameters, all seating other than loungers
Load
Loads
Parameter Single
Clause Test All other
column
seating
seats
7.3.1 Forwards F1 600 Na 600 Na
overturning
F2 20 N 20 N

7.3.2 Forwards F1 1100 Na 600 Na

overturning for
F2 20 N 20 N
seating with foot rest
7.3.3 Corner stability test F1 300 N 300 N

7.3.4 Sideways F1 600 Na 600 Na

overturning, all
F2 20 N 20 N
seating without arms
7.3.5 Sideways F1 250 N 250 N
overturning, all other
350 N 350 N
seating F2
20N 20N
F3

7.3.6 Rearwards F1 600 Na 600 Na

overturning, all
seating with back
rests

F2 (Hb ~ 720 mm) 80 N 80 N

F2 0,2857 0,2857
(Hb < 720 mm ~ 300 mm) c1 ooo-Hb) c1 ooo-Hb)
200 N 200N
F2 (Hb < 300 mm)

7.4.2 Tilting seating Number of discs 13 11

47
BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023(E)

Load
Loads
Clause Test Parameter Single
All other
column
seating
seats
7.4.3 Reclining seating Number of discs - back 8 8
with leg rest
Number of discs - leg rest 3 3
7.4.4 Reclining seating Number of discs - back 8 8
without leg rest
Number of balancing 3 3
discs
7.4.5 Rearwards stability Number of discs - 8
for rocking chairs

a The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment shall be considered when applying the test
load.
b Height of the loaded seat above the floor in millimetres f see 6.4).

B.2 Loungers
Where loads are not specified in other standards the requirements contained in Table B.2 shall be used.
Table B.2 - Test parameters, loungers
Clause Test Parameter Loads
8.3.1 Forwards overturning FB.3 600 Na
FB.4 20N
8.3.2 Sideways overturning FB.1 600 Na
FB.2 250 N
8. 3.3 Rearwards stability - upright position Fl 600 Na
F2 80 N
(Hb:::: 720 mm)
0,2857 (1 000-Hb)
F2
(H> < 720 mm)
8.3.4 Rearwards stability - reclined position Number of discs 8
- back
3
Number of discs
- leg rest
a The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment shall be considered when applying the test load
b Height of the seat, measured from the floor to point A, seat loaded, in mm (see 6.4).

48
 BS EN 1022:2023
EN 1022:2023 (E)

Annexe
(informative)

Semi-circular section loading point template

C.1 Semi-circular section loading point template

Semi-circular section (see Figure 5) is fitted to the seat portion of the seat and back loading template (see
Figure 6) to simulate the shape of the buttocks and to compensate for the thin shape of the loading point
template, when finding seat loading point for seating with open back rest (see Figure C.l).

Figure C.1 - Seat and back loading template with semi-circular section

49
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