INTRODUCTION TO

STATISTICS
LESSON 1: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Describing a group of objects or people

in an objective manner relies heavily
on information containing number
values from each individual belonging
to the group.
However, these values are merely a
collection of random numbers and
would not mean anything if it is not
processed and interpreted correctly.
For a group of numbers to make sense
, you will have to process these
numbers using statistics.
Statistics is a mathematical body of
science which deals with collecting,
organizing, presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting data to draw conclusions
about a group or population.
Data refers to values of measurements or
observations from a characteristics or
attribute of interest in a study of experiment.
A group of data form a data set.
Population refers to all members or subjects
belonging to a group of interest.
DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Desciptive statistics is the area of statistics that consists

of the collection, organization, and presentation of data
needed from a group.This uses numbers tables, and
graphs, among others, to describe or give an overview
about a group of interest. Note that descriptive
statistics is not concerned with generalization beyond
the data presented.
EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Inferential statistics is other area of
statistics comprising of generalization
of the characteristics of the population
using data gathered from a sample.
Sample refers to the subgroup of
members or subjects selected from a
population.
Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features
of the data in a study.They provide simple summaries about
the sample and the measures.This includes things like the
mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
On the other hand, inferential statistics are used to make
inferences or predictions about a population based on a
sample of data.They involve using the data to draw
conclusions or make predictions about a larger group.This
can include hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and other
methods to make predictions or inferences about a
population.
INDICATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING REQUIRES THE USE
OF DESCRIPTIVE OR INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Descriptive
_______________1. A teacher wants to know the
attitudes of all the students towards abortion.
Inferential
_______________2.A market analyst of a sales
firms draws a chart showing the sales figures of a
given product for the period of 2006-2007
____________ 3. A forecaster predicts the results of an
election using the number of votes cast in 15 and 25
barangays.
_______________ 4. Men are better in Math than
women.
_______________5. Forty Percent of the
employees of an organization were recorded tardy
for at least 15 working days.
_______________6. There are very few gender-
related occupants.
________________7. An account predicts
accuracy rate of a client’s financial resources.
________________8. A quality control manager
wishes to check the production ooutput.
_______________ 9. Records indicated that 75% of
the faculty in the graduates school are doctoral
degree holders.
_______________ 10.There is no relationship
between educational qualification of parents and
academic achievement of their children.
 PERFORMANCE TASK 1

Part 1:You will need a list of the following information of all

members of the group.
a. height( in centimeter)
b. Grades in Gen Math ( 1st Quarter)
c. Number of siblings
Make sure that each group has a copy of the information above
and then proceed to answering the following questions.
a. What is the average for each information gathered from the
members of your group ?
b. What is the average for each information gathered from all
members of you group?
c. Compare the averages computed in (a), and (b). Are the values
the same, different, close in measure or not?