Beyond 5G and 6G A Comprehensive Overview of 7G Wireless Communication Technologies - May 23

Beyond 5G and 6G: A Comprehensive Overview of 7G Wireless Communication Technologies
Section A -Research paper
Beyond 5G and 6G: A Comprehensive Overview of 7G

Wireless Communication Technologies
Allanki Sanyasi Rao1, Dr. Sreeja Mole S S2, Dr. D V Rajeshwar Raju3
(Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology &
Science, Jangaon-506167, Telangana)
sanyasirao.allanki@gmail.com1, sreeja@cjits.org2, rajdv1975@gmail.com
Abstract
As wireless communication continues to evolve, the next generation 7G wireless communication
promises to deliver even faster data speeds, lower latency, and higher capacity than 5G and 6G.
The development of 7G networks is expected to leverage advancements in terahertz waves,
massive MIMO, and artificial intelligence to provide an even more seamless and efficient
wireless communication experience. This paper provides an overview of the current state of
research on 7G wireless communication technology including potential areas, benefits and
challenges. Furthermore, we explore the possible applications of 7G technology in various
industries, such as healthcare, transportation, and entertainment. Finally, this paper discusses the
potential societal and environmental impact of 7G technology, as well as the regulatory and
ethical considerations that must be addressed in its development.
Keywords: Wireless Communication, 7G, Terahertz Wave, Massive MIMO, Artificial
Intelligence.
1. Introduction
Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved, introducing new capabilities and
advancements with each generation. 5G has brought faster data speeds, reduced latency, and
improved capacity to wireless networks. However, the industry is already focused on the next
generation, known as 7G. [1].
The forthcoming 7G wireless communication technology is anticipated to take wireless
communication to greater heights, providing unmatched capacity, unprecedented speeds, and
ultra-low latency. Although still in the nascent stages, scientists and engineers are striving to
surmount several technical and practical obstacles. Advanced technologies like massive MIMO,
AI, and terahertz waves are expected to be integrated into the new technology [2] [8].
Terahertz waves, with their distinct features, are ideal for wireless communication and can
transmit data at exceptional speeds. In addition, Massive MIMO, which employs numerous
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Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 4), 9725-9739
antennas, is projected to be vital in 7G wireless communication by increasing data throughput

and network efficiency [3] [4] [8]. Furthermore, Artificial intelligence and machine learning will
play a significant role in 7G wireless communication networks, giving network operators
advanced abilities to monitor, manage, and optimize their networks [10].
7G wireless technology is expected to have a substantial influence on multiple industries, such as
healthcare, transportation, and entertainment. In healthcare, it will allow for remote patient
monitoring and instantaneous transmission of medical data to healthcare providers. For the
transportation sector, this will aid in the creation of autonomous vehicles [14] and smarter traffic
management systems. The entertainment industry will benefit from ultra-high definition video
streaming and the development of virtual and augmented reality experiences [5] [7] [9].
The advancement of 7G wireless technology presents a few hurdles, such as ethical and
regulatory concerns, as well as the possible environmental impact. Consequently, it is critical to
examine the social and environmental effects of 7G technology and establish suitable regulatory
and ethical guidelines to guarantee the positive impact of this technology while minimizing its
negative effects. Furthermore, the future 7.5G technology is anticipated to have a high upload
and download data speed, which will require a significant bandwidth and enable communication
even in the deep sea [6].
Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of 7G
wireless communication technology and the challenges that need to be addressed to make it a
reality.
2. Potential areas of impact with 7G technology
Although the capabilities of 7G technology are yet to be determined, the potential areas of
application have been identified [5]. These areas provide a simplified overview of the
technology's potential offerings.
Threat detection: 7G could possibly enable the development of highly advanced sensors and
surveillance systems, which could detect threats such as weapons, explosives, and intruders with
greater accuracy and speed.
Crime control: 7G could potentially assist law enforcement agencies in tracking and identifying
criminals by leveraging advanced data analytics, machine learning, and biometric technologies.
Mind reading: This is a highly controversial and hypothetical use case of 7G technology. If
such capabilities are ever developed, they could potentially allow for the monitoring of
individuals' thoughts, emotions, and intentions.
Health monitoring: 7G could potentially enable the development of more advanced medical
sensors and wearable devices, which could monitor vital signs and health indicators in real-time,
helping to prevent and manage diseases [9].
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Facial recognition/expressions: 7G could potentially enhance the accuracy and speed of facial
recognition technology, enabling it to detect and recognize individuals even in challenging
conditions, such as low light or obscured faces [11].
3D Image synthesis: 7G could potentially allow for the creation of highly detailed and realistic
3D models and simulations of objects and environments, which could have applications in areas
such as virtual reality and gaming [7].
Air quality measurements: 7G could potentially enable the development of highly sensitive
sensors and monitoring systems, which could measure and analyze air quality in real-time,
helping to identify and mitigate environmental risks.
Personalized medicine: 7G could potentially enable the development of highly personalized and
targeted medical treatments, based on advanced genetic analysis, biomarker detection, and real-
time health monitoring [9].
Disaster preparedness: 7G could potentially assist in disaster management by providing real-
time data and analytics to first responders and emergency management teams, helping them to
make more informed decisions and respond more effectively.
Gas and toxicity sensing: 7G could potentially enable the development of more advanced gas
and toxicity sensors, which could detect and analyze hazardous chemicals and pollutants in real-
time, helping to prevent and mitigate environmental risks [12].
IoT device management: 7G could potentially offer improved connectivity and interoperability
for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling more seamless and efficient management and
control of smart devices and systems [13].
Autonomous systems: 7G could potentially enable the development of highly advanced
autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars and drones, which could operate with greater
speed, precision, and safety [14].
Agriculture and food production: 7G could potentially assist in the optimization of agriculture
and food production through the use of advanced sensors, robotics, and data analytics, helping to
increase yields and reduce waste [15].
Space exploration: 7G could potentially enable the development of more advanced space
exploration technologies, such as highly sensitive telescopes and robotic probes, which could
help to unlock new discoveries and insights about the universe [16].
Advanced manufacturing: 7G could potentially enable the development of highly advanced
manufacturing systems, such as 3D printing and nanotechnology, which could revolutionize the
production of goods and materials [17].
Manufacturing and Industry: 7G technology could have a significant impact on the
manufacturing and industry sector, enabling the development of advanced systems for
automation, remote operation, and predictive maintenance. With its advanced connectivity and
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low latency, 7G could enable real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing systems,
reducing downtime, improving efficiency, and enhancing safety [17].
Financial systems: 7G could potentially assist in the development of more advanced financial
systems and technologies, such as blockchain and crypto currency, which could provide greater
security and efficiency in financial transactions [18].
Environmental monitoring: 7G could potentially enable the development of more advanced
sensors and monitoring systems for tracking and analyzing environmental conditions, such as
water quality, wildlife habitats, and climate change.
Cyber Security: 7G could potentially assist in the development of more advanced cyber security
systems and technologies, such as quantum encryption and AI-powered threat detection, which
could help to protect against cyber-attacks and data breaches [18].
Public Services and Governance: 7G technology could impact public services and governance
positively, by enabling the development of advanced systems for e-government, citizen
engagement, and public safety. The technology's advanced connectivity and low latency could
allow for real-time communication between citizens and government, improving access to public
services and enhancing public safety and security [18].
Retail and E-commerce: 7G technology could have a significant impact on the retail and e-
commerce sector by enabling the development of advanced systems for personalized marketing,
inventory management, and logistics. The technology's advanced connectivity and low latency
could allow for real-time tracking of consumer behavior, which would facilitate more targeted
marketing and better inventory management [23].
Virtual and Augmented Reality: 7G networks could facilitate the creation of more immersive
and interactive virtual and augmented reality experiences with ultra-low latency and high
bandwidth [7].
Telemedicine: 7G technology could enhance telemedicine capabilities by enabling high-
resolution video conferencing, real-time monitoring of patient data, and more [19].
Smart Cities: 7G networks could enable the development of more advanced smart city
applications, such as intelligent traffic management systems, advanced public safety systems,
and more [20].
Industrial Automation: 7G networks could facilitate the development of advanced industrial
automation systems with real-time communication, which can lead to more efficient and flexible
manufacturing processes.
Energy Management: 7G networks could enable the creation of smart energy management
systems that can better monitor and optimize energy consumption, leading to reduced energy
waste and improved sustainability [21].
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Gaming: With the low latency and high bandwidth of 7G networks, it could be possible to create
more sophisticated and immersive online gaming experiences that take advantage of advanced
technologies such as cloud gaming, virtual and augmented reality [7], and more.
Education and training: 7G could potentially revolutionize education and training through the
use of advanced technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, personalized learning
algorithms, and real-time feedback systems [7] [22].
3. Impact of 7G on Wireless Communications
The impact of 7G on wireless communications could be significant, with potential improvements
in speed, latency, and capacity. Here are a few ways that 7G technology could potentially impact
wireless communications:
Faster Data Transfer Rates: 7G networks could offer significantly faster data transfer rates,
potentially reaching speeds of up to 1 terabit per second or higher. This could enable more
efficient and reliable transfer of large amounts of data, such as high-resolution video or complex
industrial automation data [24].
Lower Latency: 7G networks could potentially offer extremely low latency, which is the time it
takes for a signal to travel from one point to another. This could lead to improved responsiveness
and real-time communication in applications such as autonomous vehicles, telemedicine, and
online gaming [14] [19].
Increased Capacity: 7G networks could potentially offer significantly higher capacity than
current wireless networks, enabling more devices to connect simultaneously without
compromising performance. This could be particularly important for applications that require a
large number of connected devices, such as smart cities and industrial automation [20].
Enhanced Security: 7G networks could offer enhanced security features, such as improved
encryption and authentication, to protect against cyber threats and ensure the privacy of user data
[18 [25].
Improved Reliability: 7G networks could offer improved reliability and resilience, with built-in
redundancy and failover mechanisms that ensure consistent performance even in the event of
network disruptions or failures [25].
Multi-Connectivity: 7G networks may allow multi-connectivity, enabling devices to connect
simultaneously to various networks like cellular, Wi-Fi, and satellite networks. This feature
could enhance coverage and provide greater flexibility, especially in regions with inadequate
network coverage [26].
Edge Computing: 7G networks could facilitate the development of edge computing
applications, where data processing and analysis is done closer to the source of the data, rather
than in a centralized data center. This could lead to faster processing times and reduced network
congestion [27].
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Improved Network Slicing: 7G networks could support improved network slicing, where
different virtual networks can be created within a single physical network to provide customized
services for specific use cases. This could enable more efficient use of network resources and
better support for diverse applications and services [28].
Enhanced Machine Learning: 7G networks could facilitate the development of advanced
machine learning applications that require large amounts of data processing and analysis, such as
autonomous vehicles and intelligent robots [14]. The low latency and high bandwidth of 7G
networks could enable real-time communication between devices and cloud-based machine
learning models.
Enhanced Mobility: 7G networks could offer enhanced mobility, with seamless handovers
between different networks and improved support for high-speed moving devices, such as high-
speed trains and airplanes [1].
More Efficient Energy Consumption: 7G networks could facilitate more efficient energy
consumption by enabling more intelligent power management in devices and network
infrastructure [21].
Improved Quality of Service: 7G networks could offer improved quality of service, with more
reliable and consistent performance across different applications and use cases.
Improved Spectral Efficiency: 7G networks could offer improved spectral efficiency, meaning
that they would be able to transmit more data using the same amount of radio spectrum. This
could lead to more efficient use of radio spectrum, reducing congestion and increasing network
capacity [29].
Greater Resilience: 7G networks could be designed to be more resilient to natural disasters and
other emergencies, with advanced disaster recovery capabilities and improved backup systems.
This could help to ensure that critical communication services remain operational during times of
crisis.
Improved Coverage and Penetration: 7G networks could offer improved coverage and
penetration, enabling devices to connect even in areas where network coverage is limited or
signals are weak. This could be particularly important in rural areas and developing countries.
Enhanced Privacy: Finally, 7G networks could offer enhanced privacy features, such as
improved user control over personal data and better protection against unauthorized access. This
could help to build trust and confidence in the network among users and promote greater
adoption of 7G technologies.
Improved Interoperability: 7G networks could enable greater interoperability between
different networks and technologies, making it easier for devices to connect and communicate
across different platforms and services.
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Enhanced User Experience: 7G networks could offer an enhanced user experience, with
improved network responsiveness, better video and audio quality, and more seamless
connectivity across different devices and services.
More Innovative Business Models: Finally, the enhanced capabilities of 7G networks could
enable the development of new and innovative business models, such as subscription-based
services or pay-per-use models, that leverage the unique features of 7G networks to offer
differentiated value propositions to customers.
Increased Digital Inclusion: Finally, 7G networks could promote increased digital inclusion by
providing access to advanced connectivity and services in underserved and marginalized
communities, reducing the digital divide and promoting greater social and economic equality.
Enhanced Remote Operations: 7G networks could enable more efficient and effective remote
operations, such as remote surgery, telemedicine [19], and remote manufacturing, by providing
high-quality and reliable connectivity across long distances.
Improved Collaboration: 7G networks could facilitate improved collaboration among remote
teams and organizations, with advanced communication and collaboration tools that enable real-
time collaboration and knowledge sharing.
Enhanced Multimedia Capabilities: 7G networks could offer enhanced multimedia
capabilities, with support for high-quality and high-resolution video and audio streaming,
augmented reality, and virtual reality applications.
4. Significant Advancements in Wireless Communications with 7G

The development of 7G networks is expected to bring significant advancements in wireless
communication technology, leveraging advancements in terahertz waves, massive MIMO, and
artificial intelligence. These developments will enable an even more seamless and efficient
wireless communication experience.
Terahertz waves, which are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10
terahertz (THz), are expected to play a key role in the development of 7G networks. Terahertz
waves have the potential to offer significantly higher data transfer rates than the frequencies used
in current wireless communication technologies, such as 5G. This is due to the fact that terahertz
waves can transmit data at much higher frequencies, enabling data transfer rates of up to 100
gigabits per second (Gbps). This high-speed data transfer rate will be particularly useful in
applications such as virtual reality, augmented reality [7] and telemedicine [19], where high
bandwidth and low latency are critical for delivering a seamless user experience.
Massive MIMO technology is expected to play a significant role in the development of 7G
networks, using a large number of antennas to increase the network capacity and improve
network coverage while allowing for more efficient use of radio spectrum. Although this
technology has already been used in 5G networks, 7G is expected to take it to the next level by
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increasing the number of antennas and using advanced beamforming techniques to enhance
network performance [8].
Artificial intelligence (AI) is also expected to be a key enabler of 7G networks. AI algorithms
can be used to optimize network performance, enabling more efficient use of network resources
and reducing latency. AI can also be used to enhance network security, by detecting and
responding to potential cyber threats in real-time. Moreover, AI can facilitate more personalized
communication services, such as intelligent voice assistants and chatbots, that can interact with
users in a more natural and human-like way [10].
Quantum Computing is a rapidly advancing field that is expected to have a significant impact
on wireless communication technology. Quantum computing could be used to optimize network
performance and improve network security, among other applications [30].
Next-Generation Materials with unique properties, such as graphene and metamaterials, could
enable new types of wireless communication technologies that are more efficient and effective
than current technologies.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of interconnected devices, sensors, and
machines that are capable of communicating with each other. 7G networks are expected to
support the massive data transfer requirements of the IoT, enabling more efficient and effective
communication between IoT devices [13].
Beamforming is a technique used in wireless communication networks to direct the transmission
and reception of signals towards specific devices or locations. This can improve network
performance and reduce interference, and is expected to be a key feature of 7G networks.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a technology that allows network functions, such as
firewalls, routers, and load balancers, to be virtualized and run on commodity hardware, rather
than on specialized hardware. This can lead to reduced costs and improved network flexibility
and scalability. NFV is expected to play a key role in the development of 7G networks
Advanced Antenna Technologies are expected to be leveraged by 7G networks such as
intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), to improve network coverage and capacity. IRS technology
involves the use of reflective surfaces, such as walls or ceilings, to reflect and redirect radio
waves in a specific direction, improving signal strength and reducing interference.
Cognitive Radio is a wireless communication technology that allows devices to dynamically
adjust their transmission parameters based on the radio environment and available spectrum.
This enables more efficient use of the radio spectrum and can improve network capacity and
reliability [39].
Wireless Power Transfer is a technology that allows for the wireless charging of devices, such
as smartphones or IoT devices, over a short distance. 7G networks could enable more efficient
wireless power transfer and lead to the development of new types of wireless charging
technology [13].
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Dynamic Spectrum Sharing is a technology that allows for the simultaneous use of a single
spectrum band by multiple wireless communication technologies, such as 5G and Wi-Fi. This
can improve network efficiency and reduce interference, and is expected to be a key feature of
7G networks [35].
Terabit Wireless is a wireless communication technology that aims to achieve data transfer
rates of over 1 terabit per second (Tbps). Terabit wireless could enable new applications such as
ultra-high definition video streaming and virtual and augmented reality experiences [7] [36].
Intelligent Connectivity refers to the integration of 5G networks with artificial intelligence and
the internet of things (IoT). 7G networks are expected to further improve intelligent connectivity
by leveraging advancements in AI and machine learning to provide more efficient and
personalized wireless communication experiences [10].
Quantum Communication is a technology that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to
enable secure and un-hackable wireless communication. 7G networks could enable the
development of practical quantum communication technology that could be used for secure
communication and data transfer [31].
Distributed Wireless Networks that rely on a large number of small, low-power base stations to
provide wireless coverage, rather than a small number of high-power base stations. 7G networks
could enable the development of even more efficient and cost-effective distributed wireless
networks, improving coverage and capacity in challenging environments [32].
Holographic Communications use holographic technology to create 3D images of people or
objects that can be transmitted over wireless networks. 7G networks could enable more advanced
holographic communication technologies, allowing for more immersive and realistic
communication experiences [33].
Enhanced Location Services could be achieved through the use of advanced positioning
technologies, such as ultra-wideband (UWB) and multi-sensor fusion [37].
Bio-inspired Communications involves using principles from nature, such as swarm
intelligence or bioluminescence, to create new wireless communication technologies. 7G
networks could enable the development of more advanced bio-inspired communication
technologies, potentially leading to new applications and services [34].
5. Potential Societal and Environmental Impacts of 7G Technology
The potential societal and environmental impacts of 7G technology are still largely unknown
since 7G technology is not yet in existence. However, it is possible to speculate about the
possible impacts based on current knowledge of the impacts of previous generations of wireless
technology [38].
7G technology's arrival could shift communication patterns significantly by increasing reliance
on high-speed wireless networks. This technology may create new job opportunities and
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industries, such as autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and virtual and augmented reality.
However, it raises privacy and security concerns as increased connectivity could lead to more
data breaches and cyber-attacks. Also, the digital divide between developed and developing
nations could widen due to slower or non-existent implementation of 7G technology in some
regions. Therefore, it is essential to proactively consider the potential societal impacts of 7G
technology and develop strategies to address these concerns.
The deployment of 7G technologies could have potential environmental impacts, including
increased energy consumption due to the higher number of connected devices and data centers
required to support the network. The manufacturing of 7G-enabled devices and infrastructure
could also contribute to electronic waste, leading to environmental concerns. Furthermore, the
deployment of 7G infrastructure could result in the installation of new towers and equipment,
potentially leading to deforestation and habitat destruction. As such, it is essential to address
these potential environmental impacts proactively and develop sustainable practices and
technologies to mitigate them.
Potential Challenges in the Development of 7G
Some potential challenges that could arise in the development of 7G technology [40] include:
Spectrum availability: As the number of wireless devices and applications continue to increase,
there may be a scarcity of available radio frequencies or bandwidth. This could limit the capacity
and speed of 7G networks, requiring innovative approaches to optimize spectrum usage.
Interference: With the proliferation of wireless devices and applications, there is a higher
likelihood of signal interference and noise, which can degrade the quality of the wireless
connection. Developing advanced interference mitigation techniques will be critical to maintain
reliable and high-quality connectivity.
Power consumption: As 7G devices and networks become more complex and powerful, they
may consume more energy, requiring advancements in energy-efficient technologies to minimize
power consumption and extend battery life.
Security: With the increasing amount of sensitive data transmitted over wireless networks,
security will remain a major challenge in the development of 7G technology. Robust security
mechanisms will be required to protect data and devices from hacking, cyber attacks, and other
threats.
Cost: Developing and deploying 7G technology will require significant investments in research,
infrastructure, and equipment. To make 7G technology accessible and affordable to a wider
population, cost-effective solutions will be necessary.
Integration with legacy systems: As with any new technology, 7G networks and devices will
need to be compatible with existing infrastructure and devices. This may require overcoming
interoperability issues and ensuring seamless integration with legacy systems, which can be
complex and time-consuming.
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Network densification: To support the growing number of connected devices and applications,
7G networks may need to be more dense and distributed than previous generations. This could
present challenges in terms of network planning, deployment, and maintenance, particularly in
urban environments where space is limited.
Privacy concerns: With the increasing amount of data collected and transmitted over wireless
networks, there may be concerns around privacy and data protection. Developing robust privacy
policies and mechanisms to safeguard user data will be critical to building trust and ensuring
widespread adoption of 7G technology.
Regulatory issues: The development and deployment of 7G technology may be subject to
regulatory requirements and approval processes, which can be time-consuming and costly.
Addressing regulatory challenges will be essential to ensuring the widespread adoption and
success of 7G technology.
Skill gaps: As 7G technology continues to evolve, there may be a shortage of skilled
professionals with the expertise and knowledge required to develop and maintain these complex
systems. This could present challenges in terms of workforce development and training,
particularly in developing countries where access to education and training may be limited.
Network latency: 7G technology is expected to offer ultra-low latency connectivity, which is
essential for applications such as virtual and augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, and remote
surgery. Achieving ultra-low latency connectivity will require overcoming technical challenges
related to signal propagation, processing delays, and network congestion.
Standards and interoperability: To ensure seamless connectivity and interoperability between
different devices and networks, 7G technology will need to adhere to common standards and
protocols. Developing and implementing these standards will be critical to ensuring the
widespread adoption and success of 7G technology.
Ethical considerations: As 7G technology becomes more pervasive and powerful, there may be
ethical considerations related to the impact on society, privacy, and human autonomy.
Addressing these ethical considerations will be important to ensure that 7G technology is
developed and used in a responsible and beneficial way.
Global collaboration: The development and deployment of 7G technologies will require global
collaboration and cooperation among industry players, governments, and other stakeholders.
Ensuring that all voices are heard and that the benefits of 7G technology are shared equitably
will be critical to building a sustainable and inclusive future.
7. Conclusion
The emergence of 7G technology has significant implications for wireless communication and its
impact on various areas of society. The advancements in wireless communication with 7G, such
as ubiquitous connectivity, terabit wireless, and enhanced location services, have the potential to
revolutionize industries, including healthcare, transportation, and education. With increased
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speed, capacity, and reliability, 7G networks will enable new applications and services, paving
the way for a more connected and technologically advanced world. As 7G continues to evolve, it
is expected to bring about even greater improvements in wireless communication, enhancing the
overall user experience and impacting society in ways that we cannot yet imagine.
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Beyond 5G and 6G A Comprehensive Overview of 7G Wireless Communication Technologies - May 23

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Beyond 5G and 6G: A Comprehensive Overview of 7G Wireless Communication Technologies

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