Medical emergencies- classwork

1.Every dental workplace must hold an emergency drugs kit on the premises, with a
recommended list of contents available for use in the event of a medical emergency. Which of the
following medications is administered by injection, rather than orally?
A Adrenaline
B Aspirin
C Glucogel
D Glyceryl trinitrate
E Midazolam
2. The correct recognition of a medical emergency is achieved by identifying the signs and
symptoms present. Which of the following options is most likely to be a symptom rather than a
sign?
A Grey skin
B Nausea
C Rapid breathing
D Unconscious
E Weak pulse

3. Before a medical emergency occurs, the casualty is likely to feel unwell. The correct
assessment of the unwell casualty should follow the Resuscitation Council’s ABCDE approach. In
this assessment, what does ‘D’ stand for?
A Death
B Disability
C Disease
D Disorientation
E Drugs

4. During the delivery of basic life support to a collapsed casualty, the correct algorithm of chest
compressions to rescue breaths must be administered. What is the current correct compressions
to breaths algorithm?
A 30:2
B 30:15
C 5:1
D 15:1
E 15:2

5. When a casualty develops a sudden-onset severe chest pain, the dental team diagnose the
onset of a potential myocardial infarction. What action should be taken while the casualty remains
conscious?
A Administer aspirin
B Begin chest compressions
C Check the airway
D Lay the casualty flat
E Put them in the recovery position

6. Once a medical emergency has occurred, rescuers are advised to follow the Resuscitation
Council’s DRSABC approach to assessing the situation and the casualty while administering
emergency help. In this assessment, what does ‘D’ stand for?
A Dangers
B Diagnosis
C Disability
D Doctor
E Drugs

7. When assessing a casualty during a medical emergency, the rescuer must assess the
individual’s breathing to help determine the cause of the emergency. A conscious casualty
suffering from an asthma attack is most likely to make which one of the following breath sounds on
expiration?
A Gurgling
B No breath sounds
C Snoring
D Stridor
E Wheezing

8. A stroke (cerebrovascular accident) occurs when there is a disruption of the blood supply to the
brain, either by haemorrhage or by a blood clot blocking an artery. A rescuer can recognise the
emergency by following the FAST approach of assessing the casualty. In this assessment, what
does ‘A’ stand for?
A Adrenaline
B Airway
C Ambulance
D Angina
E Arms

9. When an epileptic casualty suffers a full tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5°minutes, it is
described as status epilepticus. This situation is life-threatening and the rescuer must act quickly
to assist the casualty. Which one of the following emergency drugs should be administered?
A Adrenaline injection
B Glucagon injection
C Glyceryl trinitrate spray
D Hydrocortisone injection
E Midazolam oral gel

10. When a medical emergency resulting in cardiac arrest occurs in a young child, it is unlikely to
be due to heart problems. What is the main difference in the rescue protocol of a young child
compared with an adult?
A Algorithm of 15:2
B Do not carry out compressions
C Do not use an AED
D Give rescue breaths before compressions
E Insert an oropharyngeal airway
End of session test - answers

1.Every dental workplace must hold an emergency drugs kit on the premises, with a
recommended list of contents available for use in the event of a medical emergency. Which of the
following medications is administered by injection, rather than orally?
A Adrenaline
B Aspirin
C Glucogel
D Glyceryl trinitrate
E Midazolam
Adrenaline is administered as an intramuscular injection during an anaphylactic
response to an allergen.

2. The correct recognition of a medical emergency is achieved by identifying the signs and
symptoms present. Which of the following options is most likely to be a symptom rather than a
sign?
A Grey skin
B Nausea
C Rapid breathing
D Unconscious
E Weak pulse
A symptom is what the casualty feels, whereas a sign is what the rescuer observes.

3. Before a medical emergency occurs, the casualty is likely to feel unwell. The correct
assessment of the unwell casualty should follow the Resuscitation Council’s ABCDE approach. In
this assessment, what does ‘D’ stand for?
A Death
B Disability
C Disease
D Disorientation
E Drugs
Disability refers to the level of consciousness shown by the patient during the assessment and
refers to the functioning level of the brain.

4. During the delivery of basic life support to a collapsed casualty, the correct algorithm of chest
compressions to rescue breaths must be administered. What is the current correct compressions
to breaths algorithm?
A 30:2
B 30:15
C 5:1
D 15:1
E 15:2
Less than 30 compressions is likely to result in just swishing the oxygenated blood within the heart
chambers, rather than pushing it out of the heart and into the circulatory system.

5. When a casualty develops a sudden-onset severe chest pain, the dental team diagnose the
onset of a potential myocardial infarction. What action should be taken while the casualty remains
conscious?
A Administer aspirin
B Begin chest compressions
C Check the airway
D Lay the casualty flat
E Put them in the recovery position
A 300-mg dose of oral aspirin given immediately acts to destroy the blood clot blocking the
coronary artery and hopefully limit the damage to the heart.

6. Once a medical emergency has occurred, rescuers are advised to follow the Resuscitation
Council’s DRSABC approach to assessing the situation and the casualty while administering
emergency help. In this assessment, what does ‘D’ stand for?
A Dangers
B Diagnosis
C Disability
D Doctor
E Drugs
The rescuer must check for any dangers that may have caused the casualty’s collapse, such as
electrocution, before approaching them to help.

7. When assessing a casualty during a medical emergency, the rescuer must assess the
individual’s breathing to help determine the cause of the emergency. A conscious casualty
suffering from an asthma attack is most likely to make which one of the following breath sounds on
expiration?
A Gurgling
B No breath sounds
C Snoring
D Stridor
E Wheezing
Wheezing indicates narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, as occurs during an asthma attack.
The casualty is trying to force the exhaled breath out of the respiratory system through narrowed
airways.

8. A stroke (cerebrovascular accident) occurs when there is a disruption of the blood supply to the
brain, either by haemorrhage or by a blood clot blocking an artery. A rescuer can recognise the
emergency by following the FAST approach of assessing the casualty. In this assessment, what
does ‘A’ stand for?
A Adrenaline
B Airway
C Ambulance
D Angina
E Arms
check for Facial weakness, Arms weakness, Speech problems, if any deficit is found it is Time to
call 999.

9. When an epileptic casualty suffers a full tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5°minutes, it is
described as status epilepticus. This situation is life-threatening and the rescuer must act quickly
to assist the casualty. Which one of the following emergency drugs should be administered?
A Adrenaline injection
B Glucagon injection
C Glyceryl trinitrate spray
D Hydrocortisone injection
E Midazolam oral gel
Midazolam gel is applied in the buccal sulcus where it is quickly absorbed through the oral mucous
membranes and acts on the brain to calm and sedate the casualty, by blocking the misfiring
electrical impulses causing the fit.
10. When a medical emergency resulting in cardiac arrest occurs in a young child, it is unlikely to
be due to heart problems. What is the main difference in the rescue protocol of a young child
compared with an adult?
A Algorithm of 15:2
B Do not carry out compressions
C Do not use an AED
D Give rescue breaths before compressions
E Insert an oropharyngeal airway

Cardiac arrest in a young child is most likely to be caused by an airway obstruction and may result
in brain hypoxia. Once the airway is cleared, five rescue breaths must be given before chest
compressions commence, so that oxygenated blood is pumped to the brain immediately.