Professional Documents
Culture Documents
School of Engineering
Biratnagar Morang
Presented By:
Er. Santosh Kapar
Construction Management
Roll No: 15
2023-09-14
1.1 Introduction to Key Concepts of Economics
What is economics?
Economics is the social science which study about how people make choices under conditions of
scarcity. It is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services. (Wikipedia)
• It determine the price and • It is the situation where the • It is the value of the
quantity of a good or quantity supplied of a good next best alternative
service. or service is equal to the that is forgone when a
quantity demanded. decision is made.
• Supply is the amount of a
good or service that • At market equilibrium, the • For example, if you
producers are willing to price of the good or service give your land for road
provide at a given price. is such that neither construction, you can
producers nor consumers not cultivate into it.
• Demand is the amount of a
good or service that have an incentive to change
consumers are willing to their behavior.
buy at a given price.
Cont…..
7. Government
4. Marginal analysis: 5. Scarcity: 6. Choices:
intervention:
• It is a method for making decisions • There are not • People must • The role of
by comparing the marginal benefits enough make choices government in
and marginal costs of a course of resources to about how to the economy
action. satisfy all allocate their such as
• The marginal benefit is the human wants. resources such collecting
additional benefit that is gained from as investment revenue and
taking one more unit of an action. or buying any investing in
• The marginal cost is the additional projects. public projects.
cost that is incurred from taking one
more unit of an action.
(Investopedia,2023)
1.2 Finance and its role in productive activities
Finance is the study of how money is raised, invested, and spent for any projects or activities.
Finance plays an important role in economic development by providing the funds that businesses need
to invest in new projects and create jobs.
For example, East-Waste highway can no handle the current road traffic and need to be expanded. It
may costs in Billions and Government only can not afford all this amount. Now, ADB is financing for
construction of 4 lane highways in Nepal.
It also helps individuals to save for the future and protect their assets.
Cont..
Some of the key functions of finance include:
Economic Growth
Creating jobs: Project can create jobs during the construction and operation phases
due to which economic status of people may increases.
Attracting Investment: in good projects, many private as well as public sectors attracted
to invest in it. More the investment, easy to complete and run the project which may
enhance economics of the company as well as help to generate revenue to the nation.
1.4 Corporate financing
is the process of raising capital for a business.
Businesses can raise capital through debt financing, equity financing, or a combination of
both.
1. Debt financing
is the process of borrowing money
from a lender such as bank or others. 3. Project financing
The lender will charge interest on the is a type of debt financing that is
loan, which must be repaid over time. generally designed for construction
projects.
2. Equity financing involves a group of lenders who provide
is the process of selling shares of funding for the project.
ownership in a business to investors. The lenders are repaid from the cash
Investors will receive a share of the flows generated by the project.
profits of the business in return for their
investment.
1.5 Finance for Construction Projects
There are a number of different financing options available for construction projects,
such as:
Bank loans
Bonds
Private equity
Public-private partnerships
ANY
QUESTION ?
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