Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department

FLORES INTEGRATED SCHOOL

Flores, San Manuel, Pangasinan

S.Y. 2022-2023

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

BY:

CACAS, ROMAR JEAN D.

TALARO, MARWYN CARL P.

TAMBIO, GERONIMO C.

TOLETE, KENNETH BRENT A.

MANTAL, ALEX S.

BALLANGCA, JOHN VINCENT D.

SIQUIG, JEFFERSON D.

SEQUIG, MARK JHON G.

TANAP, EARL JUSTIN C.

JANUARY 2024
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research study entitled “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text

Message “ prepared and submitted by Loren O. Corpuz, Mark T. Diega, Jc Park S. Obra,

Sheyndrah Nei P. Barbo, Rowell T. Talinio, and Mark G. Carreon in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the strand Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics has been examined

and is recommended for acceptance and approval. Research Adviser Mhar M. Ginez, LPT SHS T-

II Senior High School Coordinator Aubrey Rose R. Magno, LPT, MAEd APPROVED AND

CHECKED BY Roberto P. Sol, PhD Principal I

 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In recent years, the importance of effective and dependable fire detection systems has increased

significantly. As fire incidents continue to pose significant hazards to lives and property, it has become

imperative to develop advanced technologies to ensure early detection and prompt response. The smoke

and fire detection system that integrates SMS is one such technology that has garnered considerable

attention. This system offers a comprehensive approach to fire detection and notification by integrating

microcontroller technology with smoke and fire sensors. The primary significance of this system lies in

its ability to detect smoke and fire hazards in a timely manner. With its sensors, the system can rapidly

detect the presence of smoke or fire, allowing for prompt response and mitigation. This capability is

essential for preventing the escalation of fire incidents, minimizing property loss, and saving lives. The

integration of SMS technology into this system provides an additional benefit. The system guarantees that

prompt action is taken in response to a detected fire hazard by sending instant text messages to relevant

authorities and individuals. This facilitates faster coordination of emergency services, increasing the

chances of effective firefighting and evacuation procedures. The microcontroller-based smoke and fire
detection system with SMS is designed to provide a dependable and effective solution for fire detection

and notification. Using microcontroller technology, the system can process data from multiple sensors,

analyze it in real-time, and initiate appropriate actions, such as sounding alarms, flashing LED lights, and

sending SMS notifications. The significance and purpose of the microcontroller-based smoke and fire

detection system with SMS is to improve fire safety measures by facilitating early detection, rapid

response, and efficient communication. Individuals and organizations can substantially reduce the risks

associated with fire incidents by implementing this system, thereby ensuring the safety of lives and

property.

According to a publication by (Yara, 2023), the Philippine Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

recorded a total of more than 1,900 fires in the first three months of 2023. The current number is down

21% from the previous year's total is 2,520 incidents. However, it is important to note that despite this

decline, fires remain a significant threat to people's safety due to delays in adopting reforms and

implementing measures. In a recent publication by (Guzman, 2023), it was reported that the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP) recorded a decrease in the rate of fires in the country during the first months of

2023. However, number of deaths rates due to these fires increased. The death toll in the first months of

2023 rose to 124, surpassing the 87 reported the previous year. As published by (BFP, 2023), data from

the BFP's Public Information Service (PIS) shows an increase of 52.3% Property damage due to this

year's incident amounted to P1,435,516,408 compared to P942,300,007.04 last year. Based on the

investigation conducted by (Atienza, 2023), it was shown that smoking and unsupervised smoking are

the main factors contributing to fires. Additionally, a significant number of fires nationwide are caused

by sparks created by electrical arcs or unsafe connections. The presence of substantial statistical

information on fire incidence in the Philippines emphasizes the importance of fire and smoke detection

systems in minimizing the occurrence of fires and their associated consequences. Early detection of fires

from the fire detection system is important and necessary factor to protect and preserve human life as

well as valuable property. Implementing a fire detection system has the potential to significantly reduce
damage and optimize firefighting operations. Equipping a fire detection system is considered an

important first step in ensuring fire safety measures. (Olympia, 2021)

Microcontrollers are of crucial use in the advancement of fire detection systems. Microcontrollers

facilitate the timely and efficient detection and mitigation of fire dangers by incorporating sensors,

algorithms, and communication protocols to enable real-time monitoring, analysis, and action. According

to the Study Conducted by (Hery et. Al, 2022) The utilization of the Arduino microcontroller in the

development of a fire detection system holds significant advantages for homeowners. In the event that

there is a potential fire hazard within their residence, the homeowner will receive prompt notification via

the system. By implementing our early warning fire detection system, homes may be promptly alerted to

the presence of flames, hence mitigating the potential for greater fire incidents to transpire. The study

authors suggested integrating a smoke detection sensor with the capacity to detect gas concentrations over

a larger region in order to improve the overall capabilities of the detection system. According to the study

of (Suwarjono et. Al, 2021), the setup of an Arduino-based house fire detection system coupled with SMS

technology enables homeowners to promptly get information about fire incidents, facilitating timely

rescue efforts and mitigating potential damages and loss of life. When subjected to real-world testing, the

system performs as intended, achieving a success rate of ten out of ten tries in sending SMS messages and

activating the alarm. Therefore, if the experiment is conducted inside a comparable testing setting, it is

anticipated that the system will operate in accordance with the established parameters. Based on the

research conducted by (Izang, 2018), the Fire Alarm and Detection System integrated with SMS

functionality has been identified as a financially practical option with moderate coverage for the purpose

of fire detection, notification, and management. The suggested solution efficiently utilizes a well-known

technology (Arduino) and leverages the capabilities of SMS to accomplish its intended objective. This

system's functionality would result in cost savings, the provision of dependable services, and the ability

to promptly notify the nearest fire brigade. Consequently, it would effectively decrease, or maybe

eliminate, the loss of both human lives and property. According to the findings derived from the research
conducted by (Mahzan et. Al, 2018), it has been determined that the implementation of an Arduino-based

home fire alarm system is both practical and efficient in safeguarding residential properties. The system

that has been constructed is quite affordable when compared to other alarm systems now available on

the market. Additionally, it is user-friendly and can be easily implemented in homes. As concluded and

suggested in the study of (Yadav and Rani, 2020) In the development of the Arduino fire detection

system, it was determined that employing a combination of a temperature sensor and a smoke detector

yielded more suitable results compared to utilizing either sensor individually.

Although considerable advancements have been achieved in the study of fire and smoke

detection systems with SMS capabilities based on microcontrollers, there remains a visible research gap

that needs more investigation. While previous research has provided evidence supporting the efficacy and

dependability of these systems, more investigation and enhancement are required. Future investigations

should prioritize improving of the system's capacity to precisely identify and distinguish various

categories of flames and smoke, enhance the effectiveness and promptness of alert communications

through SMS, and tackle possible obstacles such as erroneous alarms and power use. Furthermore, a

thorough examination of the incorporation of new prototype models and cutting-edge technologies has

the potential to significantly augment the capabilities of the system. By solving the aforementioned

research gaps, it is possible to assure the advancement of microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection

systems that are more resilient and effective. These systems play a crucial role in enhancing the safety

and welfare of persons and properties.

With the presence of the study's rationale, significance, critical cases, previous investigations, and

research gap. We Researchers are motivated to further investigate the development of a Microcontroller-

Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message Notification.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Over the years, the number of human devices has increased according to (Banzi et al., 2005) The

Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, developed Arduino, a simple-to-use programmable

device for interactive art design projects. The software for Arduino, which was based on Wiring, was

created by (Mellis, 2005). The five people are regarded as the initial creators of Arduino. Gianluca

Martino and Tom Igoe soon joined the endeavor. They desired a tool that was straightforward, simple to

program, and easy to connect to numerous devices (such as relays, motors, and sensors). Students and

artists aren't typically recognized for having a lot of extra money; thus, it also needs to be reasonably

priced. According to (Alqourabah et Al.,2021), a smart fire detection system was proposed that

incorporates multiple integrated detectors such as heat, smoke, and flame sensors. A smart fire detection

system that incorporates multiple integrated detectors, including heat, smoke, and flame sensors, has been

proposed as an effective way to detect and prevent fires. The system is designed to detect potential fire

hazards early on, allowing for quick action to be taken to prevent the spread of fires and minimize

damage.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1. Research Paradigm (IPO)

 The researcher adopted the Input Process Output (IPO) Model. It includes all of the materials and

the information that are required in the process.

For Input, it contains the materials that we used in making the Fire and Smoke Detection System

with SMS. For Process, it contains the procedures that we used in making the Fire and Smoke Detection

System with SMS. For Output, it shows the final product, which is the Fire and Smoke Detection System

with SMS

Feedback is a vital part of a paradigm since changes to the input and processing stages

may be made based on the feedback obtained.

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram

 This comprehensive circuit diagram of the "Microcontroller-based Flame and Smoke Detection

System with Text Message” showcases the integration of an Arduino Uno, smoke sensor, flame sensor,

flasher LEDs, buzzer, SIM 900 GSM module, status LEDs, and an I2C LCD display. When smoke or

flames are detected, the system triggers a text message alert via the GSM module, while the LEDs and

LCD display provide real-time status updates. Ensure safety and peace of mind with this advanced fire

detection solution."

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the Demographic Profile of the Respondents? In terms of;

a. Age; and

b. Sex?

2. How long does it take for the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text

Message” detect and take action? In terms of the following;

a. Fire Detection;

b. Smoke Detection; and

c. Text Message?

3. How far can the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message” detect?

in terms of the following;

a. Fire Detection; and

b. Smoke Detection?

4. What is the level of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with

Text Message”? in terms of;

a. Physical Appearance;

b. Quality;

c. Usability; and

d. Durability?

5.What are the improvements made in the microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system with

Text Message after the modifications in the post-test phase?

6. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and the level of

acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message”?
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To ascertain the Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

2. To evaluate how long does it take for the "Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System

with Text Message" to detect and initiate response via the buzzer, LED, and text message.

3. To assess how far can the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text

Message” detects cases of fire and smoke in a facility.

4. To determine the level of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection

System with Text Message”.

5. To determine the improvements made in the microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system

with Text Message.

6. To identify if there is a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and

the level of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text

Message”

HYPOTHESIS

If there is a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and the

level of acceptability of the "Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text

Message". Additionally, it is hypothesized that the system will effectively detect and initiate response to

fire and smoke within a reasonable time frame, as well as detect cases of fire and smoke within a

considerable range in a facility.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The scope of this research study is to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of a

Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message. The study aims to gather

data on the demographic profile of the respondents, assess the detection time and actions taken by the

system, evaluate the system's detection range, and measure the level of acceptability. Additionally, the

study will explore the relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and their level of

acceptability towards the system. The research will utilize surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis to

gather and analyze data. The findings of this study will contribute to the development and improvement

of fire and smoke detection systems, ultimately enhancing safety measures in facilities.

The study will be conducted at Flores Integrated School in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to know the Efficacy, Level of Acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire

and Smoke Detection System with Text Message” and its significant benefits are the following:

To the Researchers. This research study on a microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system

with text message functionality provides an opportunity for researchers to contribute to the field of fire

safety technology. By designing and implementing such a system, researchers can gain valuable

knowledge and experience in microcontroller programming, sensor integration, and wireless

communication. This study enables researchers to explore innovative solutions to enhance fire detection

systems, contributing to their professional growth and expertise.

To the Students. For students, this study opens avenues for learning and enhances their understanding of

microcontroller technology, sensor integration, and wireless communication. By actively participating in

the research, students can develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and technical skills. This study also

exposes students to practical applications of their theoretical knowledge, fostering a deeper interest in

electronics and engineering disciplines.

To the School. Implementing a microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system with text message

functionality in a school environment ensures the safety and well-being of students, faculty, and staff.

This study allows the school to proactively address fire safety concerns by integrating advanced

technology into their infrastructure. By investing in such systems, the school demonstrates its
commitment to providing a secure learning environment, fostering trust and confidence among

stakeholders.

To the Consumers. The microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system with text message

functionality offers enhanced safety features for consumers. By installing this system in homes, offices, or

public spaces, consumers can receive real-time alerts in the event of a fire or smoke detection. This

technology increases the chances of timely response, enabling individuals to take appropriate actions,

potentially saving lives and minimizing property damage.

To the Future Researchers. This research study serves as a foundation for future researchers interested

in exploring and improving fire safety technologies. It provides a starting point for further enhancements,

such as integrating additional sensors, incorporating advanced data analytics, or developing more

intelligent fire detection algorithms. The findings and insights gained from this study can guide and

inspire future researchers to build upon existing knowledge, ultimately leading to more advanced and

efficient fire and smoke detection

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Microcontroller. a compact microcomputer designed to operate embedded systems used in

office equipment, robotics, home appliances, cars, and several other devices.

Fire and smoke detection. An electronic fire protection equipment that detects the presence of

smoke automatically as a vital sign of a fire and emits a warning sound.

SMS. stands for (Short Message Service), a text messaging service built for communication to

send text messages from one device to another.

Arduino UNO. a microcontroller board to control the way buttons, motors, switches, lights, and

other electronic parts work together.

Buzzer. A sounding device that can convert audio signals into sound signals.

LED. used to indicate when a connected fire detector has been activated.

Battery. A battery is an energy source made up of one or more electrochemical cells with

terminals with the name’s anode (-) and cathode (+) on either end. Chemical energy by electro

chemical cells.

Development board. designed to help System Designers build and test projects quickly and

effectively while also getting familiar with programming an onboard processor.

Flame sensors. are devices that are utilized in a range of dangerous environments, such as

hydrogen stations, industrial heating systems, drying systems, and home heating systems.

Reducing the risks associated with combustion is their primary goal.

220-ohm resistor. used to obstruct the passage of electricity in a circuit. In a wide range of

electronic circuits, resistors are used to regulate the current flow and safeguard other

components. Resistors with a resistance value of 220 ohm are frequently used in electronic

circuits.

Wrap wire cable kit. used for safety concerns to tie, segregate, and secure cables and wires.

Soldering iron. used to fuse two pieces of metal together by heating metal alloys to their

melting point at high temperatures, which are often produced by electricity.

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY
 This chapter presents a brief discussion of the method and procedures that was used in this study.

Specifically, it includes the research design, population and locale of the study, data gathering instrument

and procedure, statistical treatment of data, and even the ethical consideration that was used in this

investigation.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A quantitative experimental research design was utilized for this investigation. A study that

adheres precisely to the scientific research design. It consists of a hypothesis, a variable that can be

manipulated by the researchers, and variables that can be measured, calculated, and compared.

Importantly, experimental research is conducted under controlled setting.

The researcher collects data, findings of which either support or refute the hypothesis. This

research technique is also known as hypothesis testing or deductive research. This experimental method is

well-known and was chosen because the primary objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and

acceptability of a Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message Messages.

POPULATION AND LOCALE

The researchers used purposive sampling, sometimes referred to as subjective, judgmental, or

selective sampling, was employed by the researchers. It is a type of non-probability sampling where

researchers choose individuals from the population to take part in their surveys using their own discretion.

In order to rate and assess the level of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-based Fire and Smoke

Detection System with Text Message” in terms of Physical Appearance, Quality, Usability, and

Durability, the researchers used select respondents such as electricians, ICT, and Science Teachers.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

 The researchers utilized observation as a data gathering tool. An observational study is a method

for conducting in-person research and is considered one of the most effective tools for obtaining

evaluative data.

Moreover, the researchers also used survey questionnaire in gathering the results coming from the

respondents. In the questionnaire, it is divided in two (2) parts. The first part is all about the demographic

profile of the respondents. It is all about the age and sex of the respondents. In terms of age, the

respondents can choose their age bracket from 16 to 31 and above. In terms of sex, respondents can also

classified as either male or female. On the other hand, in the second part of the survey questionnaire, it is

asked what level of acceptability does the “Microcontroller-based Fire and Smoke Detection System with

Text Message” in terms of Physical Appearance, Quality, Usability, and Durability using the 5-point

Likert Scale.

Scale Descriptive Equivalence Description

5 Very Acceptable Respondents find that the indicator is

very acceptable in approval.

4 Highly Acceptable Respondents find that the indicator is

highly acceptable in approval.

3 Acceptable Respondents find that the indicator is

acceptable in approval.

2 Moderately Acceptable Respondents find that the indicator is

moderately acceptable in approval.

1 Least Acceptable Respondents find that the indicator is

least acceptable in approval.

Table 1. Likert Scale

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

 The researcher asked the permission of the research adviser, SHS Coordinator, School Head, and

others prior to the conduct of the study.

The researchers personally conducted and administered the survey questionnaire for identified

respondents. The selected respondents received the survey questions. Individual responses were tallied,

interpreted, and analyzed according to the specific problem of the study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

On problem no. 1, The Demographic Profile of the Respondents. In terms of Age: The age of the

respondents can be collected as numerical data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts converted

to percentages can be calculated to summarize the data. In terms of Sex: The sex of the respondents can

be collected as categorical data. The frequency distribution and percentage of each category

(male/female) can be calculated.

Formula: Percentage (%) = f/N × 100

Where:

f = number of the respondents who respond

N = total number of respondents

On Problem no. 2, The Detection and Response Time of the System: Data on the time taken by the

"Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message" to detect and take action

using different indicators (buzzer, LED, display, text message) can be collected. Descriptive statistics
such as mean and standard deviation can be calculated for each indicator to determine the average

response time and its variability.

On problem no. 3, The Detection Range of the System: The detection range of the system for fire

and smoke can be measured in a specific unit (e.g., meters). The maximum and minimum values, as well

as the average detection range, can be calculated using Descriptive Statistics.

On problem no. 4, The Level of Acceptability of the System: The level of acceptability of the

system can be assessed using a Likert scale or a rating scale. The responses can be collected and analyzed

using descriptive statistics such as average weighted mean (AWM) to treat the data. This will provide

insights into the physical appearance, quality, usability, and durability of the system.

The formula for the average weighted mean is:

Where:

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

f(x) = Frequency Scale

n = number of respondents
Each statement will be measured using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the lowest and 5 is the

highest. The following categories served as descriptions of the average weighted mean:

On Problem no. 5, The modifications made in the microcontroller-based fire and smoke

detection system with Text Message. An observation tool is used to determine the improvements 0f the

prototype in the post-test.

On Problem no. 6, The Relationship Between Demographic Profile and Acceptability: To

determine if there is a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents (age,

sex) and the level of acceptability of the system, a statistical test can be conducted. For example, a chi-

square test can be used for categorical variables (sex) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used for

age groups.
 In conclusion, by collecting and analyzing relevant data using appropriate statistical techniques,

the research can provide insights into the demographic profile of the respondents, the performance of the

system, and the relationship between demographic factors and acceptability.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

When conducting research, it is crucial to address the ethical considerations associated with the

study. Firstly, the privacy and consent of individuals involved in the research must be respected. If human

subjects are involved, informed consent should be obtained, ensuring that they understand the purpose,

potential risks, and benefits of participating. Additionally, measures should be taken to protect their

personal information and ensure confidentiality. Secondly, the potential impact of the research on society

should be considered. While a fire and smoke detection system can have significant benefits, its

implementation should not infringe on people's rights or compromise their safety in any way. It is

essential to ensure that the system is reliable, accurate, and does not cause harm or unnecessary panic.

Moreover, the research should adhere to established safety standards and regulations concerning fire and

smoke detection systems. Compliance with established guidelines will help prevent any potential risks or

hazards that may arise from the development or operation of the system. Additionally, the research team

should consider any potential conflicts of interest that may arise. Transparency and honesty should be

maintained throughout the research process, and any conflicts, financial or otherwise, should be disclosed

appropriately. Lastly, the dissemination of research findings should be done in an ethical manner. The

results should be shared openly, allowing for peer review and scrutiny. Proper citation and

acknowledgment of the work of other researchers should be maintained, ensuring intellectual property

rights are respected. By addressing these ethical considerations, researchers can conduct the study on the

"Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message" in a responsible and

morally sound manner, ultimately contributing to the advancement of knowledge while prioritizing the

well-being of individuals and society as a whole.

 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with presentation, analysis of data and interpretation of findings of

Microcontroller-Based Fired and Smoke Detection System With Text Message.

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The first problem that this study dealt with was determining the demographic profile of

the respondents in terms of sex and age.

Table 1

Profile Frequency Percentage (%)

Age 5 33.33%
16-20
21-25 2 13.33%

26-30 3 20%
31 above 5 33.33%

Sex Female 8 53.33%

Male 7 46.66%
Total: 15 15 100%

Profile of the respondents (N=15%)

As shown in Table 2, a diverse sample of 15 individuals was surveyed, with a distribution across

age groups and gender. The age distribution showed that 33.33% of participants were in the 16-20 age
range, followed by 20% in the 26-30 range, 13.33% in the 21-25 range, and another 33.33% aged 31 and

above. Regarding gender, 53.33% of participants identified as female, while 46.66% identified as male."

DETECTION AND ACTION TIME OF THE "MICROCONTROLLER-BASED FIRE AND

SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM WITH TEXT MESSAGE"

The second problem that this study dealt with was to evaluate how long does it take for the

"Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message" to detect and initiate

response via the fire and smoke detection, and text message.

TABLE 2. Detection and Response Time of the prototype

1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial AWT

GAS 1.21 seconds 1.47 seconds 1.95 seconds 1.54 seconds

DETECTION

FIRE 1.33 seconds 1.62 seconds 1.44 seconds 1.46 seconds

DETECTION

TEXT MESSAGE 5.61 seconds 8.23 seconds 11.77seconds 8.54 seconds

The interpretation of the microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection system with text

message functionality reveals commendable detection and response times in gas and fire scenarios. For
gas detection, the Average Waiting Time (AWT) for detection and response via the buzzer is

impressively swift at 1.54 seconds, showcasing the system's efficiency in promptly alerting users to

potential gas hazards. Similarly, in fire detection, the system exhibits a rapid AWT of 1.46 seconds for

detection and response via the buzzer, underscoring its quick responsiveness to fire incidents. However,

the action time for text message notification, at 8.54 seconds, introduces a delay attributed to factors such

as signal connection. While the gas and fire detection times are notably prompt, the text message

notification latency suggests the need for optimization in the communication subsystem to enhance real-

time alerting. Overall, the system demonstrates swift detection and response in localized events, with

potential for further refinement to minimize notification delays in the text message delivery process.

DETECTION RANGE OF THE MICROCONTROLLER-BASED FIRE AND SMOKE

DETECTION SYSTEM WITH TEXT MESSAGE

The third problem that this study dealt with was to assess how far can the

“Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message” detect cases of fire and

smoke in a facility.

Table 3. The table below showcases the Detection Range of the prototype.

0.3 Meter 0.6 Meter 1 Meter

GAS Detected Not Detected Not Detected

DETECTION

FIRE DETECTION Detected Not Detected Not Detected

 The interpretation of the smoke and fire detection system's performance indicates a range

limitation in its efficacy. The system effectively detects fire and smoke within a proximity of 0.3

meters, showcasing its sensitivity in close proximity scenarios. However, a notable drop in

detection capability is observed beyond this range, specifically at distances of 0.6 and 1 meter,

where the system fails to register incidents. The utilization of a meter stick in this evaluation

emphasizes the precision of the measurements. This limited range effectiveness suggests that the

system may be optimized for close-range applications or may necessitate further refinement to

enhance its detection capabilities at greater distances. Further investigations and adjustments to

the system parameters may be warranted to address these limitations and ensure comprehensive

fire and smoke detection across a broader spatial range.

LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF MICROCONTROLLER-BASED FIRE AND SMOKE

DETECTION SYSTEM

Tables 4-7 answers the fourth problem that this study dealt with which was determining the level

of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message”.
Physical Appearance. The physical appearance of the prototype is used to assess if it's suitable

and visually appealing when used as decor.

Table 4
Level of Acceptability of the Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System
with Text Message in Terms of Physical Appearance

(N=15)
Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalent

1. The prototype has a compact size. 4.93 Highly Acceptable

2. The shape of the prototype is visually 4.73 Highly Acceptable

pleasing.

3. The placement of components is well thought 4.93 Highly Acceptable

out.

4. The prototype seamlessly integrates with 4.87 Highly Acceptable

home décor.

5. The overall design and aesthetics of the 4.73 Highly Acceptable

prototype are visually appealing.

Total: 4.89 Highly Acceptable

Legend:

Mean Scale Descriptive Category

4.21 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable

3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Acceptable
2.61 - 3.40 Acceptable
 1.88 - 2.60 Fairly Acceptable
1.00 - 1.79 Poorly Acceptable

As generated from the table , the highest computed mean is indicator 1 and 3, which indicate that

the prototype has a compact size and the placement of components is well thought out with an average

weighted mean of 4.93, interpreted as Highly Acceptable. However, indicator number 2 and 5, which

states that the shape of the prototype is visually appealing and the overall design got the lowest mean of

4.73, or Highly Acceptable. The total average weighted mean is 4.89, or Highly Acceptable.

Muruganandam et al. (2016) underscore the vital role of physical attributes in the effectiveness of

microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection systems. These systems, akin to the diverse sources

utilized in particle board manufacturing, depend on various components for optimal functionality. The

integration of sensors, resembling the raw materials in particle boards, contributes to crucial physical and

mechanical characteristics necessary for effectiveness. Parameters such as compact design, durable

casing, and visible indicators are integral to the systems' physical appearance, allowing seamless

integration into domestic and industrial settings. Similar to the dependence of particle board properties on

specific raw materials, the performance of fire and smoke detection systems relies on meticulous attention

to detail, ensuring attributes like high-density composition, surface durability, abrasion resistance, and

sufficient tensile strength. This emphasis on physical aspects not only enhances the overall quality of

microcontroller-based systems but also expands their potential applications, aligning with principles

observed in particle board manufacturing.

This implies that, in terms of physical appearance, the prototype is Highly Acceptable

Quality. It describes how good the quality and characteristics of the prototype are when used

as fire and smoke detection.

Table 5
 Level of Acceptability of the Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System
with Text Message in Terms of Quality

(N=15)
Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalent

1.The materials used in the prototype appear to 4.87 Highly Acceptable

be of high quality.

2. The prototype offers good value for money. 4.8 Highly Acceptable

3. The prototype is affordable. 4.53 Highly Acceptable

4. The prototype’s sensors and other components 4.87 Highly Acceptable

function reliably.

5. The prototype's alert system is advanced and 5 Highly Acceptable

well-integrated.

Total: 4.8 Highly Acceptable

Legend:

Mean Scale Descriptive Category

4.21 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable
3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Acceptable
2.61 - 3.40 Acceptable
1.88 - 2.60 Fairly Acceptable
1.00 - 1.79 Poorly Acceptable

As generated from the Table , the highest computed mean is indicator number 5, which

describes that the prototype’s alert system is advanced and well integrated, with an average

weighted mean of 5, interpreted as Highly Acceptable. However, indicator 3, in which is stated

that the prototype is affordable, got the lowest mean of 4.53, or Highly Acceptable. The total

average weighted mean is 4.8, or Highly Acceptable.

In emphasizing the critical nature of microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection systems, as

highlighted by Gallagher (2015), their quality stands as a cornerstone for effective fire safety measures.

These systems, meticulously designed with integrated sensors for hazard detection, exhibit not only a

high level of reliability but also exceptional effectiveness in preemptively identifying potential threats.

What elevates their significance is the seamless integration of text message alerts, a feature that augments

the overall quality of user notifications. This integration ensures that users receive immediate and

pertinent information, fostering a swift and responsive approach to fire incidents. The synergy between

advanced sensor technologies and instant text notifications not only reinforces the reliability of these

systems but also underscores their pivotal role in safeguarding lives and property through timely and

informed responses to fire emergencies.

This implies that, in terms of quality, the prototype is Highly Acceptable.

Durability. It is defined by how strong and long-lasting the prototype is without breaking

and becoming weaker.

Table 6
Level of Acceptability of the Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System
with Text Message in Terms of Durability

(N=15)
Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalent

1.The materials used in the construction of the 4.87 Highly Acceptable

prototype’s housing are sturdy.

2. The prototype can maintain functionality and 4.6 Highly Acceptable

structural integrity under varying temperature

conditions.

3. The prototype can withstand moisture or 4.6 Highly Acceptable

humidity levels that may be present.

4. The prototype can withstand environmental 4.8 Highly Acceptable

conditions.

5. The overall build quality ensures the long- 4.8 Highly Acceptable

term durability of the prototype.

Total: 4.73 Highly Acceptable

Legend:

Mean Scale Descriptive Category

4.21 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable
3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Acceptable
2.61 - 3.40 Acceptable
1.88 - 2.60 Fairly Acceptable
1.00 - 1.79 Poorly Acceptable

As generated from the Table , the highest computed mean is indicator number 1, which

describes that the materials used in the construction of the prototype’s housing is sturdy, with an

average weighted mean of 4.87, interpreted as Highly Acceptable. However, indicator 2,which

is stated that the prototype is affordable and indicator 3, which is the prototype can withstand

moisture or humidity levels that may be present., got the lowest mean of 4.6, or Highly

Acceptable. The total average weighted mean is 4.73, or Highly Acceptable.

 According to Smith et al. (2018), microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection systems

have demonstrated durability in delivering early warnings. These setups employ sensors to

identify potential hazards, enabling swift responses. The integration of text message alerts

improves user notification, guaranteeing a prompt and efficient reaction to fire incidents.

This implies that, in terms of quality, the prototype is Highly Acceptable.

Usability. To understand whether or not the prototype is usable as fire and smoke detector or

decor.

Table 7
Level of Acceptability of the Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System
A. with Text Message in Terms of Usability

(N=15)
Indicators AWM Descriptive Equivalent

1. The system is easy to set up and install. 4.8 Highly Acceptable

2. The prototype is easy to operate. 4.8 Highly Acceptable

3. The prototype is versatile or can be easily 5 Highly Acceptable

placed in different locations inside a facility.

4. The prototype offers customization options to 4.87 Highly Acceptable

meet user preferences

5. The prototype can notify people right away 4.86 Highly Acceptable

when a case of fire occurs.

Total: 4.87 Highly Acceptable

Legend:

Mean Scale Descriptive Category

4.21 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable
3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Acceptable
2.61 - 3.40 Acceptable
1.88 - 2.60 Fairly Acceptable
1.00 - 1.79 Poorly Acceptable

As generated from the Table , the highest computed mean is indicator number 3, which

describes that the prototype is versatile or can be easily placed in different locations inside a

facility., with an average weighted mean of 5, interpreted as Highly Acceptable. However,

indicator 5, in which is stated that the prototype is affordable, got the lowest mean of 4.86, or

Highly Acceptable. The total average weighted mean is 4.87, or Highly Acceptable.

In the domain of usability, microcontroller-based fire and smoke detection systems,

complemented by text message alerts, offer an efficient and user-friendly safety solution. As highlighted

by modern research (Smith, 2020), envision a scenario where safety is not only paramount but also

seamlessly integrated into everyday life. The incorporation of advanced microcontroller technology

ensures these systems are not only affordable but also adept at providing swift and accurate detection of

fire hazards. The addition of text message alerts further enhances their usability by ensuring timely

notifications, enabling quick responses to potential threats. This convergence of technological

sophistication and user-centric design underscores the practicality and effectiveness of these fire and

smoke detection systems, positioning them as valuable assets for enhancing safety in both residential and

commercial environments.
 This implies that, in terms of usability, the prototype is Highly Acceptable.

THE MODIFICATIONS MADE IN THE MICROCONTROLLER-BASED FIRE AND SMOKE

DETECTION SYSTEM WITH TEXT MESSAGE

The fifth problem that this study dealt with was determining the improvements in the post-test

prototype after the modifications made in the pre-test.

To enhance the physical appearance, durability, usability, and quality of the prototype, our

research team has made modifications from the pre-test to the post-test iteration. These adjustments

encompass alterations in size, materials, and component placements.

Regarding size, the initial prototype dimensions measured 6 inches in width, 6 inches in height,

and 10 inches in length, whereas the updated post-test prototype now features dimensions of 3 inches in

width, 3 inches in height, and 3 inches in length. This reduction in size was implemented to ensure the

prototype, designed for fire and smoke detection, remains compact and versatile enough to be positioned

anywhere within a building.

 In terms of materials, the pre-test prototype employed 3.50mm wood on all six sides to construct

the case, whereas the post-test version utilized 0.75mm wood on five sides of the case and 2mm acrylic

glass on the front side, allowing for the visibility of LED lights. This shift to thinner wood was intended

to reduce the overall weight of the prototype while preserving its durability and design.

Regarding component placement, the flame and smoke sensors were relocated closer to each

other in the post-test prototype to enhance the comprehensiveness of fire and smoke detection.

Additionally, the two buzzers were strategically positioned on either side of the case from the front,

optimizing their functionality in the prototype.

Table 8. Difference between the Pre-Test and Post-Test Prototype

PRE-TEST POST-TEST
 SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE

RESPONDENTS AND THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF THE “MICROCONTROLLER-

BASED FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM WITH TEXT MESSAGE”

The sixth problem that this study dealt with was to identify if there is a significant relationship

between the demographic profile of the respondents and the level of acceptability of the “Microcontroller-

Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message”

Table 9. Significant Relationship Between The Demographic Profile Of The Respondents

And The Level Of Acceptability

Profile x^2 df TV Decision

Sex 4.16 3 7.815 Accept the alternative

hypothesis; reject null
hypothesis

Age 0 1 3.841 Accept the alternative

hypothesis; reject null
hypothesis

In terms of Sex, The analysis suggests a significant relationship between respondents' sex and the

level of acceptability of the mentioned system. The chi-square test, with a calculated statistic of 4.16 and
3 degrees of freedom, exceeds the critical value of 7.815, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

This implies that the acceptability of the system varies significantly based on respondents' sex.

In terms of Age, The analysis indicates a significant relationship between respondents' age and

the level of acceptability of the system. The chi-square test, with a calculated statistic of 0 and 1 degree of

freedom, falls below the critical value of 3.841, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This

suggests that the acceptability of the system varies significantly across different age groups.

In summary, the results of both tests support the conclusion that there is a significant relationship

between the demographic profile of the respondents (specifically, sex and age) and the level of

acceptability of the "Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message."
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter showcases the conclusion, and recommendation of the study entitled

“Microcontroller-Based Fire and Smoke Detection System with Text Message”

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results and findings of the study the following summary and conclusion were drawn:

1. Profile of the Respondents. The purposive selection of 15 professionals, gave a diverse distribution

across age groups (33.33% in 16-20, 20% in 26-30, 13.33% in 21-25, and 33.33% aged 31 and above)

and gender (53.33% female, 46.66% male).

2. Detection and action time. The prototype demonstrated swift responses to gas and fire trial

scenarios, though a slight delay in text message notification suggests a need for optimization in the

communication subsystem.

3. Fire and Smoke Detection Range. The analysis of the detection range indicated a limitation beyond

0.3 meters, prompting a recommendation for further research to improve capabilities at greater distances.
4. The level of acceptability. It was assessed that in terms of physical appearance, quality, durability, and

usability, yielded “Highly Acceptable” perceptions among respondents.

4.1. In Terms of Quality. The indicator “The prototype's alert system is advanced and well-

integrated” garnered a perfect AWM of 5 or described as “Highly Acceptable”.

5. Modifications and Improvements. Post-test modifications (size, materials, and component

placements) optimized the physical appearance, durability, usability, and quality, addressing user

preferences and enhancing overall performance of the prototype.

6. Significant Relationship. There is a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the

respondents (specifically, sex and age) and the level of acceptability of the "Microcontroller-Based Fire

and Smoke Detection System with Text Message."

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Further optimization of the communication subsystem is recommended to minimize notification delays

in the text message delivery process.

2. Research and adjustments are recommended to enhance the system's detection capabilities at greater

distances, ensuring comprehensive coverage in diverse spatial settings.

3. Continuous improvement and refinement based on user feedback and technological advancements are

crucial for evolving the prototype to meet user needs.

4. Prioritize user-centered design principles in future developments to enhance overall usability and

acceptance, considering user preferences and expectations.

5. Expand the scope of research to include larger sample sizes and diverse user groups for more

comprehensive insights into the system's acceptability and performance.

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