Kathmandu University

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REPORT ON

CRANK AND SLOTTED QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

Aaditya Rijal 22082

Aayush Ghimire 22066

Anusuya Ghimire 22067

Manoj Pokharel 22080

May 2023
 Date: 29/05/2023

To
The Course Instructor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kathmandu University

SUBJECT: Cover Letter for Final Report on Mini Project

Dear Sir,
Submitted for your review of our mini-project report entitled "DESIGN ANDFABRICATION
OF ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL". The report is submitted as a requirement of course entitled
Engineering Project MEGG 206. Within this document, you will find the basic introductions,
objectives, methodology, calculations, work done. We hope for your keen review for the
approval of the progress report.

Sincerely,
Anmol Shrestha
Piyush K.C
Pragalbha Nepal
Prasanna Kshetree
Sulav Ghimire
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF FIGURE......................................................................................................................iii

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1

1.1 ADVANTAGES.....................................................................................................................2

1.2 DISADVANTAGES................................................................................................................2

1.3 APPLICATION.....................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 2 WORKING MECHANISM......................................................................................5

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND CALCULATION..............................................................................7

3.1 DESIGN...................................................................................................................................7

3.2 CALCULATION........................................................................................................................9

3.2.1 Degree of Freedom.........................................................................................................9

3.2.2 Length of stroke............................................................................................................10

CHAPTER 4 FABRICATION.......................................................................................................11

4.1 FABRICATION OF FRAME.......................................................................................................11

4.2 FABRICATION OF CRANK.......................................................................................................11

4.3 FABRICATION OF SLOTTED BAR............................................................................................12

4.4 FABRICATION OF CONNECTING ROD AND SLIDER.................................................................12

4.5 ASSEMBLY OF THE MECHANISM...........................................................................................13

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
 TABLE OF FIGURE

Figure 1: Crank and slotted quick return mechanism......................................................................1

Figure 2: CAD drawing of slotted bar.............................................................................................7

Figure 3:CAD drawing of crank......................................................................................................7

Figure 4: CAD drawing of connecting rod......................................................................................7

Figure 5: CAD drawing of slider.....................................................................................................8

Figure 6: Assembled CAD model....................................................................................................8

Figure 7: Links on crank and slotted quick return mechanism [2]..................................................9

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of crank and slotted quick return mechanism [3]...........................10

Figure 9: Frame..............................................................................................................................11

Figure 10: Crank............................................................................................................................12

Figure 11: Slotted bar....................................................................................................................12

Figure 12: Connecting rod and slider............................................................................................12

Figure 13: Fabricated model of crank and slotted quick return mechanism..................................13
 ABSTRACT

The project "Crank and Slotted Quick Return Mechanism" focuses on the design and analysis of
a mechanical system that converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The crank and slotted
quick return mechanism consists of a crank, connecting rod, slotted link, and slider. The crank is
driven by a rotary power source, while the connecting rod connects the crank to the slotted link.
The slotted link slides back and forth along a linear path, driven by the motion of the crank. The
main objective of this project is to optimize the design of the crank and slotted quick return
mechanism for improved performance. Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to model
and the mechanism, allowing for precise analysis and evaluation. The project also includes
practical aspects, such as the fabrication and assembly of the mechanism. Prototyping and testing
are conducted to validate the design and ensure its functionality and efficiency. Overall, the
project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the crank and slotted quick return
mechanism and its potential applications. By optimizing its design and performance, this project
contributes to the advancement of mechanical engineering and automation technologies.
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The crank and slotted quick return mechanism is a mechanical device widely utilized in
reciprocating machinery to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion with varying
velocities during the forward and return strokes. This mechanism finds applications in various
fields, including shaping machines, mechanical presses, reciprocating pumps, and automata. It
offers advantages such as differential speeds, a simple design, and high efficiency, making it a
versatile and valuable component in many engineering applications.

Figure 1: Crank and slotted quick return mechanism

The primary purpose of the crank and slotted quick return mechanism is to generate linear
motion by transmitting the rotational motion of a crank to a slider. The mechanism consists of
four main components: a crank, a connecting rod, a slider, and a slotted bar. The crank is driven
by a motor or an external power source, causing it to rotate. The connecting rod is attached to the
crank at one end and to the slider at the other end. As the crank rotates, it imparts motion to the
connecting rod, which, in turn, causes the slider to move along a linear path [1].

One of the defining features of the crank and slotted quick return mechanism is the asymmetrical
design that results in different velocities during the forward and return strokes. The forward
stroke, where the slider moves away from the starting point, is slower, allowing for controlled
engagement with the workpiece or fluid transfer. Conversely, the return stroke, where the slider
moves back towards the starting point, is faster, enabling rapid retraction for the next cycle.
1.1 Advantages

Some advantages of quick return mechanism are as follows:

 Differential Speeds
One of the significant advantages of the crank and slotted quick return mechanism is its
ability to provide differential speeds during the forward and return strokes. This feature
allows for precise control over the motion, making it suitable for applications that require
different velocities in each direction.
 Simple Design
The mechanism consists of relatively few components, making it straightforward to
manufacture, assemble, and maintain. The simplicity of the design contributes to cost-
effectiveness and ease of operation.
 High Efficiency
The sliding motion between the slider and the slotted bar is minimal, resulting in reduced
friction and higher mechanical efficiency. This efficiency translates to less energy loss
and improved overall performance.
 Versatile Applications
The crank and slotted quick return mechanism finds applications in various fields. It is
widely used in shaping machines, mechanical presses, reciprocating pumps, and
automata. Its versatility allows it to be adapted for different tasks and industries.
 Compact Size
The mechanism can be designed to occupy a relatively small space, making it suitable for
applications where space is limited or where compactness is desired.

1.2 Disadvantages

Despite its advantages, the crank and slotted quick return mechanism also has some limitations,
which include:

 Limited Stroke Length

The stroke length of the mechanism is limited by the size of the slotted bar and the slider.
This can restrict its use in applications that require longer strokes. In such cases,
alternative mechanisms or modifications may be necessary.
  Vibrations and Noise
The reciprocating motion of the mechanism can generate vibrations and noise during
operation. These vibrations and noise can be detrimental in certain applications, such as
precision machining or noise-sensitive environments. Adequate measures, such as
vibration dampening or noise insulation, may need to be implemented to mitigate these
issues.
 Increased Wear and Tear
The sliding motion between the slider and the slotted bar can lead to increased wear and
tear of these components over time. Regular maintenance and lubrication are necessary to
ensure smooth operation and prolong the lifespan of the mechanism.
 Dependency on Crank Rotation
The operation of the crank and slotted quick return mechanism relies on the continuous
rotation of the crank. Interruptions or irregularities in the rotation can affect the
smoothness and accuracy of the reciprocating motion.

1.3 Application

Some of the applications of the crank and slotted quick return mechanism are as follows:

 Shaping Machines
The crank and slotted quick return mechanism finds significant application in shaping
machines. It provides the necessary reciprocating motion to the cutting tool, enabling
precise shaping and cutting operations in metalworking and manufacturing industries.
 Mechanical Presses
Mechanical presses rely on the crank and slotted quick return mechanism to generate
high force and controlled motion for various tasks such as punching, stamping, and
forming. The mechanism's ability to deliver differential speeds during the forward and
return strokes ensures efficient operation of mechanical presses.
 Reciprocating Pumps
In reciprocating pumps, the crank and slotted quick return mechanism is utilized to
convert the rotary motion of an engine or motor into reciprocating motion. This motion
allows the pump to draw in and discharge fluids effectively, making it suitable for
applications such as oil wells, water pumping stations, and hydraulic systems.
 Automata and Toy Mechanisms
The crank and slotted quick return mechanism is popularly employed in the construction
of automata and toy mechanisms. Its ability to generate dynamic and visually appealing
movements adds an element of excitement and entertainment to these mechanical
systems.
 Woodworking Machinery
The mechanism is also applied in woodworking machinery such as fret saws, scroll saws,
and jigsaws. These machines use the reciprocating motion generated by the mechanism to
cut intricate designs and patterns in wood or other materials.
 Cam Grinding Machines
Cam grinding machines utilize the crank and slotted quick return mechanism to control
the grinding wheel's reciprocating motion. This motion allows precise shaping and
grinding of cams, which are essential components in various mechanical systems, such as
engines and valve trains.
 CHAPTER 2 WORKING MECHANISM

The crank and slotted quick return mechanism is a mechanical device that converts rotary motion
into reciprocating motion with different velocities during the forward and return strokes. It
consists of four main components: a crank, a slotted bar, a connecting rod, and a slider. Let's
explore the working mechanism step by step:

 Crank Rotation
The crank is connected to a power source or motor, which rotates it continuously in a
circular motion. This rotation serves as the driving force for the mechanism.
 Slotted Bar Connection
One end of the slotted bar is attached to the frame of the mechanism. In middle part of
the bar slot is created and is attached to the crank, typically at a fixed distance from the
crank's center of rotation. The other end of the slotted bar is attached to the connecting
rod.
 Connecting rod
One end of the connecting rod is attached to the slotted bar. The other end of the
connecting rod is connected to the slider.
 Slider Movement
As the crank rotates, it imparts motion to the slotted bar. This motion is transmitted to the
slider through the connecting rod, causing the slider to move along a linear path.
 Forward Stroke
During the forward stroke, as the crank rotates, it pulls the slotted bar and, in turn, the
slider towards the forward direction. The movement of the slider is slower during this
stroke due to the asymmetrical design of the mechanism. The slower forward stroke
allows for controlled engagement with the workpiece or the desired operation.
 Return Stroke
After completing the forward stroke, the crank continues to rotate, pushing the
connecting rod and the slider in the opposite direction. The return stroke is faster than the
forward stroke due to the asymmetrical design. The faster return stroke allows for rapid
retraction or movement back to the starting position, preparing for the next cycle.
 Reciprocating Motion
The continuous rotation of the crank results in the reciprocating motion of the slider
along the linear path. This reciprocating motion can be utilized for various purposes, such
as cutting, shaping, or pumping operations.
 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN AND CALCULATION

3.1 Design

The computer-aided design of the mechanism was done in Solidworks.

 CAD drawing of slotted bar

Figure 2: CAD drawing of slotted bar

 CAD drawing of crank

Figure 3:CAD drawing of crank

 CAD drawing of connecting rod

 Figure 4: CAD drawing of connecting rod

 CAD drawing of slider

Figure 5: CAD drawing of slider

 Assembled CAD model

Figure 6: Assembled CAD model

3.2 Calculation
3.2.1 Degree of Freedom

Figure 7: Links on crank and slotted quick return mechanism [2]

Here,

Number of links for this mechanism (n) = 6

Number of binary joints (j) = 7

Number of higher pair (h) = 0

To calculate degree of freedom of any mechanism Grubler’s equation is used which is,

F=3 × ( n−1 )−2 × j−h

0 r , F=3× ( 6−1 )−2 ×7

∴ F=1

Therefore, the degree of freedom for the crank and slotted mechanism is to be 1.
3.2.2 Length of stroke

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of crank and slotted quick return mechanism [3]
Here,

The tool travels a distance of R 1R2 during cutting and return stroke, therefore travel of the tool or
the length of stroke can be determined as follow:

(
L=R 1 R2=P1 P2=2 P1 Q=2 A P1 sin 90° −
α
2 )
L=2 APcos ( α2 )=2 AP × CB
AC

Radius of Crank (CB) = 45 mm

Length of Slotted bar (AP) = 225mm

Length from bottom of slotted bar to the center of crank (AC) = 160 mm

Therefore, the length of stroke = 126 mm

 CHAPTER 4 FABRICATION

The fabrication of the crank and slotted mechanism was done in the warehouse and technical
training center of Kathmandu University.

4.1 Fabrication of frame

The frame was fabricated by cutting wood block into desired shape and size. And the wood block
was pinned to the plywood of 250×200 mm. The guide way for slider was also joined on the
frame with pins.

Figure 9: Frame
4.2 Fabrication of crank

A round shape crank was cut by using zig saw of radius 45 mm.
 Figure 10: Crank
4.3 Fabrication of slotted bar

A wooden bar of length 255 mm was taken and slot was created by drilling into the bar. Two
holes were also drilled on each end of the bar.

Figure 11: Slotted bar

4.4 Fabrication of connecting rod and slider

A wooden bar was taken and 150 mm bar was cut for connecting rod and 50×10 mm block was
cut for slider. Two holes were drilled to the connecting rod and a single hole was drilled on the
slider.

Figure 12: Connecting rod and slider

4.5 Assembly of the mechanism

All the fabricated parts were taken and assembled in the warehouse.

 Firstly, crank was attached to the frame with nut and bolt joint and a pin was attached to
the crank,
 The slotted bar was attached to the frame with nut and bolt and to the crank with a pin,
 Slider was kept inside the guideway,
 A connecting rod was attached to the slider and slotted bar with nut and bolt joint as
shown in figure.

Figure 13: Fabricated model of crank and slotted quick return mechanism
 REFERENCES

[1] “Explain with the diagram working of crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism. |
Mechanical Engg Simple Notes ,Solved problems and Videos.”
https://mechdiploma.com/explain-diagram-working-crank-and-slotted-lever-quick-return-
mechanism (accessed May 31, 2023).

[2] E. Gardie Damtie and H. Dubale, “Finite element analysis of crank and slotted lever quick return
mechanism for shaper machine application,” Results in Materials, vol. 14, p. 100288, Jun. 2022,
doi: 10.1016/J.RINMA.2022.100288.

[3] “Kinematics - Mechanisms.” https://www.kinematics-mechanisms.com/2022/06/crank-and-

slotted-lever-quick-return.htm (accessed May 31, 2023).