INTRODUCTION

TO
ETHICS
Prepared by: Michelle N. Regalla
 OBJECTIVES
• Identify the ethical aspect of human life
and the scope of ethical thinking;

2. Define and explain the terms that are

relevant to ethical thinking; and

3. Apply the concepts on actual life experience

from news, events, and everyday experience.
 SUBTOPICS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS AND
TERMINOLOGIES

• PRELIMINARY NOTIONS

• DIFFERENCES AND KINDS OF VALUES

 (Diagnostic/Pre-Assessment)

Direction: Answer the following question

below.
• In your own words, define ethics in one
sentence.
• Why it is needed to study ethics?
• What is right and wrong for you?
 ETHICS

Ethics etymologically comes from the Greek

word ethos. It means custom, usage,
character. The Latin equivalent of ethos is
mores which in turn INTO etymological word
of “moral”, “morality”, “morals”.
 ACCORDING TO BULAONG
the word morals may be used to refer to
1. specific beliefs or attitudes that people have to
describe acts that people perform.

An Individual’s conduct is referred to as his

2. morals, and if falls short behaving properly,
it is immoral.
EXAMPLE
When a man returned a But when a man kept the lost
wallet and has no intention to
lost wallet to the owner, return it to the owner, his
his action is considered action is considered as immoral
moral
 ETHIC
EXAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
S
On the other hand, Ethics can be spoken of o a policeman arresting a man
as the discipline of studying and bribing him, the action is
understanding the ideal of human behavior considered as ethical. But if the
and ideal ways of thinking. It could be
policeman accepts the bribe and
acceptable or unacceptable behavior or
sets the man free, his action is
describe as ethical or unethical. This term is
mostly used on ways of behaving in a given considered as unethical.
field, this is popularly known as
“professional ethics” (Bulaong, et al, 2017).
 ACCORDING TO REYES

“ethics and morals are ordinarily used as

equivalent terms in Western language
that refers to traditional manners,
customs, habits, systems of values or
character of the community.”
 VALUE
Ethics is about what is good or bad
actions, right or wrong, acceptable or
unacceptable. It is doing what is good and
avoiding what is bad. In ethics, we are
putting a value on our actions.
 EXAMPLE

An elected official helps the poor to battle the

pandemic that we are experiencing. We say
that the value of his action is good. But an
elected official takes advantage of the
situation by placing his relatives to be the
first recipient of the government’s social
amelioration is valued to be as bad

REMEMBER: NOT ALL VALUED TO BE GOOD

OR BAD ARE PART OF ETHICS .
 KINDS OF
VALUATION

REMEMBER: NOT ALL VALUED TO BE GOOD

OR BAD ARE PART OF ETHICS .
 AESTHETICS
EXAMPLE EXPLANATION

Ø Ben and Ben's songs are good because of
their vibe.
Ø The movie I watched is bad because of the
storyline.
Ø It is right to dip my fried chicken on the
gravy.
Ø It is wrong to wear basketball shorts
during formal events
In the examples, we can see that
there are valuations of what is
good and bad or right and
wrong. However, the valuation
is not part of ethics rather it is
part of aesthetics.

personal aesthetic preferences

 AESTHETICS
The word aesthetics is derived from the
Greek word aesthesis (sense or feeling).
The judgments are based on what we see,
hear, smell, or taste. It is leaning towards our
taste. When we talk about taste it is
subjective
 ANOTHER
EXAMPLE
I could say that I had
just seen was a good
one because I
enjoyed it or a song
had just head on the
radio was
a "bad" one because
it had an unpleasant
tone
 ANOTHER
EXAMPLE
it is 'wrong" to wear a
leather vest over a
Barong Tagalog
THESE VALUATIONS ARE UNDER
THE DOMAIN OF AESTHETICS
 EXAMPLES:
Ø When a young boy
talks to an elder, he say
“po” or“opo”.
Ø When we eat, we don’t
talk when our mouth is
full.
 EXAMPLES:
IF THE BUS FULL OF
YOUNG GUY AND NOT
OFFER HIS SEAT TO AN
OLD LADY, IT IS
DISGUST.
 CLARIFICATIONS
BETWEEN ETHICS AND
ETIQUETTE

PEOPLE HAVE CONNOTATIONS

THAT ETHICS & ETIQUETTES ARE
THE SAME BUT THEY ARENOT
 DIFFERENCE
S
When somebody interrupts us
when we are speaking (etiquette),
and it will be much of greater
offense when this man starts to
curse us and utter libelous words
towards us (ethics)
 Technique
The technique is another thing
that has the notion of good and
bad or right and wrong but is not
part of ethics. Technique comes
from the Greek word “techne”
which means the proper way of
doing things.
 EXAMPLE
cooking of bacon, there is a technique
when we cook bacon. The proper way to
cook it is by not putting oil in the pan.
The bacon will produce its oil and when
we put oil the bacon will shrink.
 @RE A LLY G RE AT S IT E
MOREOVER
it does not have any connection
of whatever in ethics. Hence, it
is not part of ethic.
 AESTHETICS

IT IS
KINDS OF

ETIQUETTE

CLEAR
T H AT TECHNIQUE

NO T PART O F ET HI CS
 • When we see a person not
dressing up properly for the
occasion does not violate any
ethical norms because it is not
an ethical problem.

2. Same as when a person

barges into one’s room
without knocking is not
an ethical problem.
THEREFORE, ETHICS seems to
be a certain degree that can
qualify an event or action to be
ethical problems.
ISSUES LIKE THE DEATH PENALTY,
CORRUPTION IN THE
GOVERNMENT, AND INEQUALITY
ARE PART OF ETHICS, THUS THEY
ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ETHICAL
PROBLEMS.