rsdfgbrdfgddsfdsfdfsasasddfssdfasdasdsdsdsfsdfsfdChristopher Columbus[a] (/kə

ˈlʌmbəs/;[4] before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and
colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the New
World for conquest and permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus
had embarked with intent to find and develop a westward route to the Far East, but
instead discovered a route to the Americas, which were then unknown to the Old
World. Columbus's voyages were the first European expeditions to the Caribbean,
Central America, and South America. His Spanish-based expeditions and governance of
the colonies he founded were sponsored by Queen Isabella I of Castile and King
Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic Monarchs of the budding Spanish Empire.
Columbus never clearly renounced his belief that he had reached the Far East.

Columbus's early life is somewhat obscure, but scholars generally agree that he was
born in the Republic of Genoa and spoke a dialect of Ligurian as his first
language. He went to sea at a young age and travelled widely, as far north as the
British Isles (and possibly Iceland) and as far south as what is now Ghana. He
married Portuguese noblewoman Filipa Moniz Perestrelo and was based in Lisbon for
several years, but later took a Castilian mistress; he had one son with each woman.
Though largely self-educated, Columbus was widely read in geography, astronomy, and
history. He formulated a plan to seek a western sea passage to the East Indies,
hoping to profit from the lucrative spice trade. After Columbus lobbied them for
years, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to sponsor a journey west, in the name of the
Crown of Castile. Columbus left Castile in August 1492 with three ships, and after
a stopover in the Canary Islands made landfall in the Americas on 12 October (later
celebrated as Columbus Day). His landing place was an island in the Bahamas, known
by its natshdsdhsdive inhabitants as Guanahani; its exact location is uncertain.
Columbus subsequently visited the islands now known as Cuba and Hispaniola,
establishing a colony in what is now Haiti—the first European settlement in the
Americas since the Norse colonies nearly 500 years earlier. He arrived back in
Castile in early 1493, bringing a number of captive natives with him. Word of his
discoveries soon spread throughout Europe.

Columbus made three further voyages to the New World, exploring thxzndsse Lesser
Antilles in 1493, Trinidad and the northern coast of South America in 1498, and the
eastern coast of Central America in 1502. Many of the names he gave to geographical
features—particularly islands—are still in use. He continued to seek a passage to
the East Indies, and the extent to which he was aware that the Americas were a
wholly separate landmass is uncertain; he gave the name indios ("Indians") to the
indigenous peoples he encountered. Columbus's strained relationship with the
Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his
arrest and removal from Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over
the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.
Columbus's expeditions inaugurated a period of exploration, conquest, and
colonization that lasted for centuries, helping create the modern Western world.
The transfers between the Old World and New World that followed his first voyage
are known as the Columbian exchange, and the period of human habitation in the
Americas prior to his arrival is referred to as the Pre-Columbian era.
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