Explanations Basic uses of articles are assumed known, Definite article Classes I © This is one way to refer to classes, and is perhaps more formal than using a | plural: The tiger is threatened with extinction = National groups Groups as a whole: ‘The French eat in restaurants more than the English. Single examples are not formed in the same way: A Frenchman/woman, an Englishman/woman. = Other groups If these are clearly plural: ‘the Social Democrats, The Rolling Stones Note the difference: Pink Floyd, Queen (no article) = Unique objects the moon, the sun i Note that there are other suns and moons in the universe. ‘This planet has a small moon. = Titles ‘These tend to be ‘unique’. The director of studies If the title is post-modified (has a description coming after the noun), the is more likely, but not essential. Compate: ‘She became President in 1998. ‘She became (the) President of the United States in 1998. = Other titles ‘The may be part of the title, and so is capitalised. Newspapers: The Independent, The Sunday Times ‘= Musical instruments, Jane plays the flute ‘The guitar is my favourite instrument, It is, of course, still possible to use a where it would naturally be used. ‘There was a small brown flute in the window of the shop.* yaom pomp Jo dopsmes 249 0 “Poulonuow Apeosqe ou Jo ease ue UI Kep v1 stajouApumans a 309} “ons 2yq4u2tv soa. soya opamans ayn uo) 410}20P w 24 0} Saou soa JorSnp 218 pun duaay 240 1 Sou wos a44, soHySnop v pun wos v por syapus >4p ‘x0}409 uo Spuodop asn if 0s pue ‘sway potontiou Aprone 1 sioyou apo auup oy . x9}U09 Jo aounpioduy, (ovou aypods e anoge Sure) eno ut j2n0y aaysuads9 asoue ay 51st (wonestessuad e Surjew) -axysuodxa Aioa am pueySu wy soioy asopy sous 21 pu as0py swwyy Jo 215] 04 runs onus ‘soueU [eorydesioas uy sondde aues ayy, 0H asnoyy uopung, ayy doaneys24 S.usoug “Audde aoe oss noge soins eusou uaya ‘owreu soysoue 51 oureu-aoe(d e yo ued 414 940 9] opu0T Jo 19H0} aML/oSpuq Hopu0y sp2r7 Jo Asian ay s/dnsioasun poo ‘areduiosy Soumeu aed uy 2jor eskeqd “Jo ~ yay dipeadso ‘worreoypot-sog soumu apeg queen ong uowgyy ang, ‘quien pue woueqe7 a10J0q pasn sowauIOS st appre ayfuLap aX. soupy :s9qu3uN0> nisy ssiuaunuo5, (tonorseyy ayy ang) ssanng :syead uyeunoW, 20) Ajdde rou saop stig, SPHOUOUAN 24 ‘wopSuy pontn 24, seaNYd J0 aan29q109 :saEnUMOD 1805] IPPINY Mn ‘804 249 “svaLE/syuROd sseduu0.) SND ay ‘Jounnsy aut :sounyea} anbyp, unauouanpayy ayy :sue990, sdjy ayt sa8ues upeyunoyy, SOMIDILL 241 IRAN 2349 a8n Bulmorlo} at soureu jeo1ydes0a9 “PI zune osye a9g “Ao a>04d ays $1 ja.04 st ‘unou Supsorios ap sosqseydua pu passons dqiaeay st sit, asm oneudury = Sa1D1L8V 21 avMNED| Indefinite article | | | Zero article ‘ Translation | problems ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE = Jobs Compare: Tony is a builder. Tony was the builder of that house. = In measuring Three times a week. Fifty kilometres an hour, £3.50 a kilo. £15,000 a year. Formally, per can replace a/an. Unknown people Use of a/an emphasises that a person is unknown, A Mr Jones called while you were out. = Names Compare: Matthew Smith is one of my favourite artists. (a person) A Matthew Smith hangs in their bedroom. (a painting) = Some unique organisations do not use the. Parliament, but The (House of) Commons = Streets “Most streets do not use an article. Green Road — Godwin Street Exceptions are: The High Street ‘The Strand and street names without preceding adjectives. Compare: Holly Drive The Drive Study these sentences. Would you use an article in your language? I know how to use a computer. A pound and a half of cheese, | was holding it in my hand, It’s a film about homeless people. ‘Terry has flu. I've got a headache,cor “yan ysel -/a42 inoqe NOK SumIar seas | OssertE 24I/ WRN ang (L “WOOIYALG 31/0 UY 1ayeIY-19yeM Iy7/P UO UAT] JOU OP asrard (1 ‘apisdniuno> -/a ur sAepr}ou Supuods Kolo Ysunsy ~/mLL CU “sqepueuy, ‘aay4ins 0} Moy s] Siuapmas sAepoa -/ayy 105 wiagqord ~/ayy (3 ‘myny ureuaaun we/Syp aney 01 str9as ueL -/ayp QUDWIOWL yudsaid -/omp WC {wopUOT Jo Aystontun ~/aqy WOH ButsaaUIRUa —/ayy ws9189p -/o sey CUI (2 jnoé ay] wossad jasoy ~/0 yu | aauIs awHH BuO] ~/9 591 (P ‘mous yam Uy pazaaoo atom Scy ~/an Yeen 29s pIn0> amt (9 “apumpyiom xods seyndiod ayg/ Susauoa9q asey st jeqpuey -/>4, (4 -Aaayeq [P90] 24/0 Ur pIOs Soe WEOID ~/ATD ayNT,USBOP UOIAH (e “popnpul s apave ou yeup sueaus (-) ysep y ‘uondo ajqens you axp BUTFPUT, umyoy soqun (os) Jo afueyp prdes ~~ (62) st osoun ssaqun ~ (82) J0 pus (22) 210799 woR>ay9 yeraUa8 (92) sB0dx9 stoypuaqyoeq ati0s ‘4ros0301 Jo sus ou SuLMOyS st yew fuysnou wooo (62) pub “yasat puoDa4 (2) 2e 1s st uoRepIby (¢2) owur 8ut08 sassoutsna reus jo spquuinu * (@2) ‘asiom sige“ (12) yeu 01 “S104 anos uaaa 10 aarty ayer oF AuoUEDa atp Jo 41940291 “ (02) sioadxa ns wuausus9908 (61) ‘saves sara. (1) ur sino ue punod (21) 30 wonenresap waDa1 * (91) audsap eu si0ay (S1) fupt0n ArBurseasou axe saHK ( ;paypuy Su19q st sist> yuasaud (E10) hem ca sao wsPpAHD Bu (1) 20} 9um asiom =~ “éouiod aqas0. 4099 AMNION (11) Supe sf oy soisjupy oud “= (6) auH09 3,upino> pu (s) 1980 Ayureu2un BuMUAUOD + (2) Wo poueya sea asi“ (9) -parsypaud u92q pey “+ (g) ueqh souier ‘paXojdwoun aqdoad ® 40 saquunu “= (e) wy ast @) u9q sey ioua yuout aaninoastio> pata “947 (1) 105 .eNN poduOUUE UDDq Seu AL yew Hey ‘quoyq a>eds aup anea} 10 ‘242 40 u0/ ynd aneds ype uy ‘yeuoyeur uorstaar apnjsur santanse a4, eer REET Sa1D1LNV “Zt avINMVED,ADVANCED LANGUAGE 108 ACTICE 3 Correct the errors in these sentences. 4) It's not a first-class accommodation unless it has a private bathroom, Ats.nat first-class accanmmodation. unless. it has.a. private, bathraom., ) On this record twins play piano duet. (©) The halfway through meal we realised what waiter had said. 4) If the Mrs Hillier phones, say I'm away on trip. €) There is a wonderful scenery in eastern part of Turkey. 4) Cocker spaniel is one of most popular pet dogs, 88) There is going to be fog and a cold weather all the next week, hh) I spent very interesting holiday at the Lake Coniston in England, |) We are against war in general, so of course we are against war like this between superpower and developing country. |) The burglaries are definitely on increase. 4. ineach space put a/an or the, or leave the space blank. next election, . station, I had to stand in .. long time. 4) I'm going to stand for Parliament at . ) When I left. . queue for taxi for. ©) We took... trip around London and saw Tower Bridge. d) happiness of the majority depends on. hard work for everyone. 9. ‘most main roads in this part of .- country follow snes Hine Of . roads built by Romans. ) Have you got . latest record by Gipsy Kings? 8) Wthad me, I would like to take up archery. 1h) We spent .. pleasant evening having. drinks at : Robin Hood. » Nile flows right through » summer I spent in ...... USA was one of city. best in my life,cor uous ueuny yuapuadapuy ay Jo arqedeou fenpraypuy amyny v 105 BuIpeoy 9m aay Ang 0} asnoy ayy YeY{A 10 AuteM 0} OY MAK [191.01 “OLN 105 suOIs|oap 943 2¥eUr 0} soInduto ax 03 Yoo! amNY axp Jo SYIMpe Ep TEM “sNOWOUD ‘ze suoneoyidut axis 10} parasisue wia|qoud sno aaey ax uONNG e Jo ssaid au We uous ‘stuns woneuroyeur atp Jo 2Iseq ysou ayy UaAD ZED] 0} 1OTPUE JEU 20} 20 ‘4991109 {ads 07 soy used] 01 19404 2m PINo|S Ay, :pIES ‘esTeARSHY ‘Aajsiaatun Aoupés oun jo saayis tryof Zossajou4 ‘axeMyjos Suyss=o01d piom atp uo aiqetteae ea Uy svDILay “Zt avAWEDADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 110 = In each space put a/an or the, or leave the space blank. a) Please watch ..2h¢, cabin attendant as she demonstrates . use of ‘oxygen mask. ) Paul spent half of his life in. .- Far Bast. ©) You have to use at . least pint and half of milk. ) Dick has . sore throat and is taking... ‘medicine, ©) We arranged .. accommodation on ... 1 outskirts of city. ) There is 8) Could you give me letter I sent you? hh) [bought «nn. kind she likes. 1D Talways wanted t0 B€ ws wore off. D And . very difficult crossword in“ . Times’. information I asked for in. .- Jewellery for my sister but it wasn’t .. astronaut but see ambition ‘eat out for last of all, don’t forget to put night. Underline the most suitable option. A dash (-) means that no article is needed. 4) Brenda is the/- ideal for a/the job. She has a/- wealth of the/- experience. 1b) The/- safety at the/- work is a/- major concern for us. ©) The/- poorest people in the/~ country live in this city. 4) Have you seen a/the new ‘Hamlet’ at the/~ National Theatre? ©) There is a/- beautiful countryside within an/- easy reach of a/the hotel. 1) Ihave a/- terrible cold and am staying in the/~ bed today. 8) 1eam £3 an/the hour as a/~ supermarket cashier on the/~ Saturdays. 1) The/~ charge for an/~ excess luggage Is £10 a/the kilo, 1) The/- most of the/~ life is a/~ matter of getting on with the/~ others. |) This country is officially called The/- United Kingdom of The/- Great Britain and The/- Northern Ireland, Hi Who a