F.

5 DSE F5CHEMACU/E/13c
CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

(2 hours and 30 minutes)

This paper must be answered in English

1. All questions are COMPULSORY. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this
Question / Answer Book.
If you use supplementary answer sheet(s) for these two sections, write your Candidate
Number on each sheet and fasten them with string to this Question-Answer Book.

2. Write your class and class number in the spaces provided on this cover.

3. A Periodic Table and some useful constants are printed on this Question/Answer Book.

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Section A

1. A compound formed from element X and element Y has the following electronic structure:

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

Which Group does element X most probably comes from?

A. Group II
B. Group IV
C. Group VI
D. Group VII

2. The label below is displayed on a container for chemical Y:

Which of the following chemicals may Y be?

A. Dilute hydrochloric acid

B. Concentrated nitric acid
C. Tetrachloromethane
D. Potassium chloride

3. Isotopes of the same element have the same

(1) number of neutron

(2) physical properties
(3) chemical properties

A. (1) only B. (3) only

C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only

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4. Which of the following substances can be obtained from fractional distillation of liquid air?

(1) O2
(2) Ar
(3) H2

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

5. Which of the following pairs of solution, when mixed, would produce a pale blue precipitate?

A. Calcium chloride and sodium nitrate

B. Silver nitrate and nitric acid
C. Copper (II) sulphate and potassium hydroxide
D. Magnesium nitrate and ammonia

6. Which of the following statements concerning carbon dioxide gas are correct?

(1) It can decolorize acidified potassium permanganate solution.

(2) It can be absorbed by water.
(3) It can be prepared by the reaction between sodium carbonate solution and dilute
hydrochloric acid.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

7. An atom must contain

(1) proton.
(2) electron.
(3) neutron.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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8. Which of the following statements concerning 10
5 B and 11
5 B are correct?

(1) They are isotopes of the same element.

(2) They have the same chemical properties.
(3) They have different number of neutron.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

9. Element Y and Z are in the same group of the periodic table. Which of the following
statements concerning Y and Z is / are correct?

(1) They have similar physical properties.

(2) They have the same number of electrons in their atoms.
(3) They have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms.

A. (2) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only

10. Which of the following statements concerning limestone are CORRECT?

(1) Limestone is insoluble in water.

(2) Limestone is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid.
(3) Limestone decomposes on heating.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

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11. Which of the following pair of substances can react with each other to give a brown solution?

A. Ethanoic acid and Sodium hydroxide solution.

B. Copper turning and concentrated nitric acid.
C. Iron(II) chloride solution and sulphur dioxide gas.
D. Potassium iodide solution and acidified potassium permanganate solution.

12. Which of the following statements concerning chlorine water is / are correct?

(1) It is a mixture.
(2) It turns moist red litmus blue and then bleaches it.
(3) It is a common reducing agent.

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

13. To which of the following molecules is/are the ‘octet rule’ NOT applicable?

(1) NH3
(2) PCl5
(3) SF6

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

14. The structure of polymer W can be represented by

H C2H5 H Cl H Cl

C C C C C C

Cl H C2H5 H C2H5 H

What is the monomer of W?

A. 1-chlorobut-2-ene.
B. 1-chloro-1-ethylethene.
C. 1-chlorobut-1-ene
D. 1-ethyl-1-chloroethene.

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15. In which of the following reactions does the underlined substance act as a reducing agent?

A. Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2
B. H2SO4 + SO3  H2S2O7
C. SO2 + 2NaOH  Na2SO3 + H2O
D. 2MnO2 + H2  Mn2O3 + H2O

16. In which of the following substances does sulphur has the smallest oxidation number?

A. SO2
B. SO3
C. ZnS
D. CaSO3

17. Which of the following combinations is correct?

Pollutant Cutting down method

A. sulphur dioxide Installation of catalytic converters
B. Nitrogen oxides Installation of electrostatic precipitators
C. Hydrogen chloride Installation of scrubbers
D. Carbon monoxide Using unleaded petrol

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Directions: Q.18 and Q.19 refer to the following chemical cell:

18. Which of the following statements concerning the above chemical cell is / are correct?

(1) Zinc electrode is the anode.

(2) The concentration of A2+ ions in beaker X increase.
(3) The salt bridge can be made from a filter paper soaked with calcium hydroxide solution.

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

19. Which of the following metals can be used as metal A?

A. calcium
B. magnesium
C. silver
D. lead

20. Which of the following molecule has zero dipole moment?

A. CH3Cl
B. PH3
C. HF
D. BCl3

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21. Consider the following equilibrium:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇋ 2NH3(g) H<0

Which of the following statement is/are correct?

(1) If the pressure is kept constant, increasing the temperature would increase the yield of
ammonia.
(2) When the pressure is increased, the total number of molecules in the system decreases.
(3) When more nitrogen is injected to the system, the yield of ammonia increases.

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

22. Which of the following combinations is correct?

Object Corrosion preventing method

A. Coat hangers coated with grease
B. Screw drivers coated with paint
C. Food cans zinc plating
D. Underground iron pipelines sacrificial protection

23. Which of the following substances can be used to distinguish between dilute sulphuric acid
and concentrated sulphuric acid?

(1) Calcium carbonate powder

(2) Copper turnings
(3) Hydrated copper(II) sulphate crystal

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

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24. Which of the following statements concerning one mole of carbon dioxide gas is/are correct?

(1) It contains 6.02 × 1023 of atoms.

(2) It occupies the same volume as 16.0 g of methane gas at room temperature and
pressure.
(3) It occupies the same volume as 1 mole ethanol at room temperature and pressure.

(Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 10²³ mol-1)

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

25. 200 cm3 of a gas Y2 react completely with 300 cm3 of oxygen to form 200 cm3 of a gaseous
oxide. If all measurements are made at room temperature and pressure, the formula of the
gaseous oxide is

A. YO2
B. Y2O
C. Y2O3
D. Y3O2

26. Solution W is 50 cm3 of 1.5 M HCl and Solution X is 100 cm3 of 0.75 M CH3COOH.
Which of the following statements concerning W and X is correct?

A. X has a faster rate of reaction with 0.1 g magnesium ribbon than W.

B. X has a lower pH value than W.
C. Both X and W needs the same concentration of 50 cm3 NaOH for complete
neutralization.
D. X has a higher electrical conductivity than W.

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27.

In the above graph, curve A was obtained by the reaction between 100 cm3 of 1.5 M HCl and
10.0 g limestone.
Which of the following changes would produce curve B?

A. increasing the temperature by 20℃.

B. using 200 cm3 of 1.0 M HCl instead of 100 cm3 of 1.5 M HCl
C. using 100 cm3 of 2.0 M HCl instead of 100 cm3 of 1.5 M HCl
D. using 15.0 g limestone instead of 10.0 g.

28. During the electrolysis of concentrated copper(II) chloride solution by using copper
electrodes. Which of the following combination is correct?

Anode Cathode
A. oxygen liberated copper deposited
B. copper dissolved copper deposited
C. chlorine liberated hydrogen liberated
D. copper deposited hydrogen liberated

29. Which apparatus should be used to prepare 250 cm3 of 1.0 M citric acid from its solid?

(1) pipette
(2) volumetric flask
(3) wash bottle

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

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30. Which of the following reactions does not require the use of a catalyst?

A. Cracking of kerosene.
B. Electrolysis of brine solution.
C. Hydrogenation of ethene to ethane.
D. Condensation polymerization of urea-methanal.

31. Which of the following substances are presences in aqueous ammonia?

(1) OH-
(2) NH4+
(3) NH3

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

32. Which of the following cases is a practicable way of preparing the salt underlined?

A. 2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)

B. CuCl2(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)

C. (NH4)2SO4(aq) + MgCl2(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq)

D. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq)  PbSO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

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Direction: Each question below (Question Nos. 33 to 36) consists of two separate statements.
Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then
decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first
statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st
statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the
1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.

1st statement 2nd statement

33. Methanoic acid is a dibasic acid. The molecule of one methanoic acid has
two hydrogen atoms.

34. Ionic compounds are formed by metal Potassium oxide is an ionic compound.
and non-metal only.

35. Magnesium can displace copper from Magnesium occupies a higher position
copper(II) sulphate solution. than copper in the metal reactivity series.

36. For endothermic reaction, increasing Increasing temperature can increase the
temperature can increase the Kc value. rate of reaction.

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Section B

1. Hydrazine (N2H4) is a colourless liquid used as a rocket fuel. It can be synthesized in a

chemical process in which ammonia (NH3) reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to give
hydrazine and water.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction. (1 mark)

(b) Explain whether the reaction in (a) is a redox reaction or not. (2 marks)

(c) Given: Hf [H2O(l)] = - 286 kJ mol-1

Hf [H2O2(l)] = - 188 kJ mol-1
Hf [NH3(g)] = - 46 kJ mol-1
Hf [N2H4(l)] = + 51 kJ mol-1

Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction in (a). (3 marks)

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2. The flow diagram below shows some reactions about metal A.

(a) (i) Name metal A.

(ii) Write the chemical reaction between metal A and dilute hydrochloric acid. State whether
it is a redox reaction or not. Explain your answer in term of the change in oxidation
number. (3 marks)

(b) Solution B react with aqueous ammonia to form a precipitate iron(II) hydroxide.

(i) State the colour of the precipitate.

(ii) Write the chemical reaction between solution B and aqueous ammonia. (2 marks)

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(c) If calcium is added to solution B, metal A and colourless gas bubbles formed.

(i) Name the type of reaction for the formation of metal A.

(ii) Why is a colourless gas formed? (3 marks)

3. But-1-ene molecules polymerize to form a polymer.

(a) State the type of polymerization for the formation of this polymer. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)

(b) Draw the repeating unit and write the equation to show the formation of the polymer.
(2 marks)

(c) Calculate the number of repeating units in this polymer if it has a relative molecular mass of
196000. (2 marks)

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4. The diagram below shows an industrial plant of oil refinery.

(a) Why is crude oil referred to as a “fossil” fuel? (1 mark)

(b) Why can the various petroleum fractions be obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation?
(1 mark)

(c) Different fractions are obtained from crude oil under high temperature and absence of air.

(i) Explain why the process must undergo in the absence of air?

(ii) Explain whether the product from B or F has a higher boiling point. (2 marks)

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(d) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists mainly of butane.

(i) State the fraction from which LPG come from.

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane.

(2 marks)

5. For each of the following experiments, state an expected observation and write a chemical
equation for the reaction involved.

(a) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid to lime. (2 marks)

(b) Chlorine gas is added to potassium iodide solution. (2 marks)

(c) Sodium sulphite solution is added to acidified potassium dichromate solution. (2

marks)

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6. A student says:
“Both sodium chloride solution and ethanol are electrolyte because they can ionize in water
to give mobile ions.”

State whether the above statements is true or false. Explain your answer.
(3 marks)

7. State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Explain your answer.

(a) The standard enthalpy change of formation of diamond is zero. (2 marks)

(b) Propan-1-ol is soluble in water. (2 marks)

(c) In anodization process, the aluminium object should be connected to the negative terminal of
the output power supply. (2 marks)

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*8. Briefly describe how you would conduct an experiment, using the materials and apparatus
listed below, to nickel-plate a clean metal spoon. (Diagrams are NOT required.) State the
expected observation of the experiment.

a clean metal spoon, a nickel strip, nickel(II) nitrate crystals, a large beaker of deionized water,
a direct current power supply and connecting wires

(6 marks)

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For question 9, candidates are required to give a paragraph-length answer. In this
question, 6 marks will be awarded for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective
communication.

*9. A student has six unlabelled bottles and each contains one of the following colourless
chemicals:

Ethanol 1 M ethanoic acid

1 M potassium hydroxide solution kerosene
1 M nitric acid 1 M sodium sulphate solution

Suggest how he would carry out chemical tests to identify the contents of each bottle, using
the materials and apparatus listed below. Your answer should include the observation of each
test.

Acidified potassium dichromate solution, 1 M iron (III) nitrate solution, magnesium ribbon, 1
M calcium nitrate solution, test tubes and a Bunsen burner

(You are NOT required to write chemical equations. Answers in the form of flow diagrams will
NOT be marked)
(7 marks)

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Section C
10. Consider the set-up shown below:

A, B, C and D are four electrodes. A, B and D are made of copper while C is made of zinc.

(a) State which electrodes are the anodes? (1 mark)

(b) State the direction of electron flow between electrode A and electrode D. (1 mark)

(c) The salt bridge is a filter paper soaked with a saturated solution.

(i) What is the meaning of the term “saturated solution”?

(ii) State the function of the salt bridge. (2 marks)

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 (d) A student says: “Sodium can be used for electrode C instead of zinc to give a higher
voltage.” Explain whether his answer is true or false. (2 marks)

(e) When the circuit is closed for several minutes, the mass of electrode B increase.

(i) Write chemical equations for the reaction occur in electrode A and B.

(ii) State the colour change of the copper (II) sulphate solution. (3 marks)

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11. A student carried out the following experiment to determine the purity of citric acid (a tribasic
acid with a relative molecular mass of 192) in a sample of vitamin tablet. The experiment
consisted of the following procedures:

2.5 g of the vitamin tablet powder dissolved in distilled water and made up to 250 cm3. 25
cm3 of the diluted solution was withdrawn to a conical flask and titrated against 0.1 M sodium
hydroxide solution.

(a) Name the apparatus that should be used to transfer 25 cm3 of the diluted sample to the
conical flask. (1 mark)

(b) Suggest a suitable indicator for the titration and state the colour change at the end point.
(2 marks)

The student carried out four titrations altogether. The titration results are listed in the table
below:

Titration
1 2 3 4
Burette reading
Final reading / cm3 12.5 13.7 17.1 21.6

Initial reading / cm3 0.0 2.2 5.5 10.2

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 (c) (i) Based on the titration results, calculate a reasonable average for the volume of the
sodium hydroxide solution used.

(ii) Calculate the mass of citric acid in the tablet.

(iii) Determine the percentage purity of citric acid in the sample.

(6 marks)

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12. Consider the following equilibrium at 298 K:

2X2(g) + Y2(g) ⇋ 2YX2(g)

A mixture of 10 mol of X2(g) and 10 mol of Y2(g) was placed in a vessel of volume 10 dm3.
When the system had reached equilibrium, it was found that 6 mol of Y2(g) left in the system.

(a) Calculate the concentration of each species at equilibrium. (2 marks)

(b) Calculate the equilibrium constant of this reaction at 298 K. (2 marks)

(c) Suggest how to keep the system at 298 K. (1 mark)

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13. KIO3 reacts with hydrogen peroxide according to the following equation

2IO3-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 5H2O2(aq)  I2(aq) + 6H2O(l) + 5O2(g)

(i) Deduce the half equations for

(I) reduction reaction

(II) oxidation reaction (2 marks)

(ii) What would be seen if the reagents were mixed in a conical flask? (2 marks)

(iii) Suggest ONE physical method to follow the progress of this reaction. (1 marks)

END OF PAPER
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Suggested solution
Section A

1. B 11. D 21. D 31. D

2. B 12. A 22. D 32. D
3. B 13. D 23. C 33. C
4. A 14. C 24. B 34. C
5. C 15. D 25. C 35. A
6. C 16. C 26. C 36. B
7. A 17. C 27. B
8. D 18. B 28. B
9. B 19. B 29. C
10. D 20. D 30. B

Section B
1.
(a) 2NH3 + H2O2  N2H4 + 2H2O 1

(b) It is a redox reaction. 1

The oxidation number of nitrogen changes from -3 (in NH3) to -2 (in N2H4). 1
Or, The oxidation number of oxygen changes from -1 (in H2O2) to -2 (in H2O). (1)

H
(c) 2NH3(g) + H2O2(l) N2H4(l) + 2H2O(l)

2  Hf [NH3(l)] Hf [H2O2(l)] Hf [N2H4(l)] 2  Hf [H2O(l)]

N2(g) + 4H2(g) + O2(g)

H = 2  Hf [H2O(l)] + Hf [N2H4(l)] – 2  Hf [NH3(g)] – Hf [H2O2(l)] *2

H = 2(- 286) + 51 – 2(- 46) – (- 188)
H = - 241 kJ mol-1 1

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2.
(a) (i) Iron 1
(ii) Fe + 2HCl  FeCl2 + H2 1
It is a redox reaction. 1
Because the oxidation number of Fe changes from 0 to +2 1
OR, The oxidation number of H changes from +1 to 0 (1)
(b) (i) Dirty green 1
(ii) Fe2+ + 2OH-  Fe(OH)2 1
(c) (i) Metal displacement reaction 1
(ii) Calcium reacts with water in solution B to form hydrogen gas. 1

3.
(a) Addition polymerization 1
Because the monomer is unsaturated hydrocarbon. 1
(b) Repeating unit:
H H

C C

H CH2CH3
1
Equation:

H H
H H
n C C C C
H CH2CH3
H CH2CH3 1
n

(c) Relative molar mass of 1 repeating unit

= 4(12) + 8(1) = 56 1

∴ no. of repeating units

= 196000 / 56
= 3500 1

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4.
(a) Crude oil originates from dead marine organisms / animals / plants. 1

(b) Because different components in crude oil have different boiling points. 1

(c) (i) Combustion of crude oil occurs if air is presence under high temperature. 1
(ii) F because its relative molecular mass is higher than that of B 1

(d) (i) A 1
(ii) 2C4H10 + 13O2  8CO2 + 10H2O 1

5.
(a) CaO + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O 1
CaO + 2H  Ca+ 2+
+ H2O (1)
The (white) solid dissolves. 1
Or, Heat evolved. (1)

(b) Cl2 + 2KI  2KCl + I2 1

Or, Cl2 + 2I  2Cl + I2
- -
(1)
The solution changes from colourless to brown. 1
Or, The solution turns brown. (1)

(c) 3SO32- + Cr2O72- + 8H+  3SO42- + 2Cr3+ + 4H2O 1

The solution changes from orange to green. 1

6.
False
Sodium chloride solution is an electrolyte because it is an ionic compound. 1
When it dissolves in water, it will dissociate to give mobile ions. 1
Ethanol is not an electrolyte because it will not ionize to give mobile ions. 1

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7.
(a) False
The standard state of carbon is graphite. 1
The standard enthalpy change of formation of diamond is not zero. 1

(b) Ture.
Propan-1-ol molecules can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules. 1
It has small molecular mass. 1

(c) False.
The aluminium object should be connected to the positive terminal of the output power
supply. 1
It is because it undergoes oxidation and acts as the anode of the electrolytic cell. 1

8. Chemical Knowledge (5 marks)

Dissolve the nickel(II) nitrate crystals in the deionized water in the beaker. 1

Connect the clean metal spoon to the negative terminal and the nickel strip to the positive
terminal of the power supply. 1

Or, connect the clean metal spoon and the nickel strip to the power supply with the spoon as the
cathode and the nickel strip as the anode. (1)

Immerse / dip the spoon and the nickel strip in the nickel(II) nitrate solution. 1

Observation
a layer of nickel (silvery metal) is deposited onto the spoon. 1

the thickness of the nickel strip decreases. 1

Communication mark 1

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9. Chemical knowledge (6 marks)

(For this question, candidates may give answers in an order different from that illustrated below.
In such cases, award one mark for each test, which can identify / eliminate a substance in the
list.)

Add acidified potassium dichromate solution to each chemical and heat the mixture.
Only ethanol can turn the solution from orange to green. 1

Add 1 M iron (III) nitrate solution to the remaining five solutions.

Only 1 M potassium hydroxide solution gives (reddish brown) precipitate. 1

Add 1 M calcium nitrate solution to the remaining four solutions.

Only 1 M sodium sulphate solution gives (white) precipitate. 1

Add magnesium ribbon to the remaining three solutions.

1 M nitric acid gives out brown fumes while 1 M ethanoic acid gives out colourless gas only.
1+1
The remaining chemical is kerosene. 1

Communication mark (1 mark)

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Section C
10.
(a) A and C 1 or 0

(b) From A to D 1

(c)
(i) A solution containing the maximum amount of a solute at a specified temperature.
(Accept any correct definition of saturated solution.) 1

(ii) To complete circuit by allowing ions to pass through. 1

(d) He is false.
Sodium can react with water in the zinc sulphate solution. 1
No electrons flow through the external circuit and the voltage of the chemical cell drops.
1

(e) (i) Electrode A: Cu  Cu2+ + 2e- 1

Electrode B: Cu 2+
+ 2e  Cu
-
1

(ii) The colour intensity of the copper (II) sulphate solution remains unchanged. 1

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11.
(a) 25 cm3 pipette 1

(b) Phenolphthalein 1
It changes from colourless to red. 1

(c) (i) The result of titration 1 is inaccurate and is discarded. 1

The reasonable average for the volume of NaOH used
= (11.5 + 11.6 + 11.4) / 3 (1)
= 11.5 cm3 1
(0 marks for missing out the unit.)

(ii) H+ + OH-  H2O

No. of moles of sodium hydroxide solution required = 0.1 (11.5 / 1000)
= 0.00115 mole 1

No. of moles of citric acid in 25 cm3 of the diluted solution = 0.00115 ÷ 3

= 0.00038 mole
250
No. of moles of citric acid in 250 cm3 of the diluted solution  0.00038  1
25
= 0.0038 mole (1)
No. of moles of citric acid in the tablet = 0.0038 mole
Mass of citric acid in the tablet = 0.0038 × 192
= 0.7296 g 1

0.7296
(iii) Percentage purity of citric acid in the tablet  100 %
2.5
= 29.2% 1

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12.
(a) 2X2(g) + Y2(g) ⇋ 2YX2(g)
Initial: 10 10 0
Eqm.: 2 6 8

[X2(g)]eqm = 2/10 = 0.2 mol dm3

[Y2(g)]eqm = 6/10 = 0.6 mol dm3
[YX2(g)]eqm = 8/10 = 0.8 mol dm-3 2

(b) Kc = [YX2(g)]2 / [X2(g)]2 [Y2(g)] 1

2 2
= (0.8) / (0.2) (0.6)
= 26.67 mol-1 dm3 1

(c) By thermostat water bath 1

13.
(i) (I) 2IO3-(aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e-  I2(aq) + 6H2O(l) 1
(II) H2O2(aq)  O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- 1

(ii) Colourless gas bubbles evolved 1

The solution changes from colourless to brown slowly. 1

(iii) Colorimetry 1

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© by Alan Cheng