Types of titrimetric determinations

• direct titration
• back-titration (on residue)
• Replacement titration
Acid-Base (Direct) Titration
Sample Problems
• Calculate the molarity of NaOH solution if 12.25mL was used to
titrate 0.2615gram of primary standard KHP.
• A titration of a 25.00 mL sample of a hydrochloric acid solution of
unknown molarity reaches the equivalence point when 38.28 mL of
0.4370 M NaOH solution has been added. What is the molarity of the
HCl solution?
Practice: A 50.00 mL sample of a sodium hydroxide solution is titrated
with a 1.605 M solution of sulfuric acid. The titration requires 24.09 mL
of the acid solution to reach the equivalence point. What is the
molarity of the base solution?
• A supply of NaOH is known to contain the contaminants NaCl and MgCl2. A 4.955 g sample of
this material is dissolved and diluted to 500.00 mL with water. A 20.00 mL sample of this
solution is titrated with 22.26 mL of a 0.1989 M solution of HCl. What percentage of the
original sample is NaOH? Assume that none of the contaminants react with HCl.
Acid-Base (Back) Titration
Sample Problems
• An indigestion tablet was crushed up and an excess of hydrochloric acid (25mL of
1M) was added. The resulting solution was titrated against 0.500 M of NaOH
requiring 25.8mL. Calculate the mass of the calcium carbonate in the tablet.
• A fertilizer contains ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate. A
sample of 1.455g of the fertilizer was warmed 25.0mL of 0.2M sodium
hydroxide solution giving off ammonia gas. The remaining NaOH that
was not used required 28.7mL of 0.1M hydrochloric acid for
neutralization. Calculate the percentage by mass of ammon
Application of Acid-Base
Titration
1. Kjeldahl Method
• Determination of organic nitrogen
• includes 3 steps: Digestion, Distillation, Titration
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7K-4MsfIek

• Why was potassium sulphate added to the solution?

• What was the purpose of copper sulphate?
• After heating the solution for 2-3hrs, carbon and hydrogen will be
converted into _________ and ___________.

• Compare with Dumas Method

• A 758-mg sample of full cream milk was analyzed by the Kjeldahl
method; 38.61mL of 0.1078 M HCl were required to titrate the
liberated ammonia. Calculate the %N in the sample.
2. Double Indicator Method (Mixture of Bases)

• NaOH , Na2CO3 and inert impurities weighing w g (find the %

composition using HCl with known concentration)

• Dissolve in water and add indicators (phenolphthalein and methyl

orange)

https://youtu.be/Ml_4PSyn-bQ
 • NaOH is a strong base while Na2CO3 is a weak base
(NaOH reacts with HCl first, completely and only then does Na2CO3 react)

As we keep adding HCl , the pH again falls and

 When Na2CO3 is converted to NaHCO3, completely, the when all the NaHCO3 reacts to form NaCl, CO2
solution is weakly basic due to the presence of NaHCO 3. At this and H2O the solution becomes weakly acidic. At
instant phenolphthalein changes colour since it requires this this instance methyl orange changes colour since it
weakly basic solution to change its colour. requires this weakly acidic solution to do so.
• A sample consisting of NaOH , Na2CO3 and inert matter weighs 1.179
grams. It is titrated with 0.2239 M HCl with phenolphthalein as the
indicator, and the solution become colorless after the addition of
45.62 mL. Methyl orange is then added and 12.85mL more of the acid
are needed for the color change. What is the percentage of Na2CO3 in
the sample?
• A sample consisting of NaOH , Na2CO3 and inert matter weighs 1.179
grams. It is titrated with 0.2239 M HCl with phenolphthalein as the
indicator, and the solution become colorless after the addition of
45.62 mL. Methyl orange is then added and 12.85mL more of the acid
are needed for the color change. What is the percentage of NaOH in
the sample?