LABORATORY REPORT

CHM 256

STANDARDIZATION OF HCl WITH Na2CO3 PRIMARY STANDARD

INTRODUCTION
Sodium or usually known as Natrium is a non hygroscopic primary standard reagent.
Dissolving a known amount of the Na2CO3 in a fixed volume. can be used to standardize
other acid solutions. The target of this experiment is to prepare a standard solution of exact
concentration which can be later used to standardize others. HCl is not a primary standard .
To determine the concentration accurately, HCl must be standardized with a primary
standard solution. In this experiment, Na2CO3 solution is used to standardized HCl.

2 HCl + Na2CO3 2 NaCl + H2O + CO2

APPARATUS

 25mL pipette
 Burette
 Conical flask
 Retort stand
 250ml volumetric flask

CHEMICALS

 Standard potassium hydrogen phthalate solution (0.1M)

 Sodium hydroxide
 Phenolphthalein indicator
 Vinegar

PROCEDURE
a) Standardisation of NaOH solution

1. A burette was filled with the NaOH solution. The burette reading was then recorded.
2. 25mL of the potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4 solution was pipped into a
conical flask. 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was then added.
3. The KHC8H4O4 was then titrated with the NaOH solution until the colour of the
indicator turned light pink. The burette reading was then recorded.
4. Titration was repeated 3 times.

b) Titration of the vinegar

1. 25mL of the given vinegar was pipped and diluted with about 50mL distilled water in
a 250ml volumetric flask.
2. 25mL of the diluted vinegar was then pipped into a conical flask. 3 drops of
phenolphthalein were then added.
3. The diluted vinegar was then pipped with the NaOH solution.
4. Titration was repeated 3 times.

DATA
Standardization of HCl with Na2CO3 solutions.

Rough 1 2 3
Initial burette 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
reading (mL)
Final burette 27.0 27.1 27.1 27.1
reading (mL)
Volume of HCl 27.0 27.1 27.1 27.1
used (mL)

QUESTION
Calculate the molarity of the concentrated HCl.
Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 23(2)+12+16(3)
= 106 g/mol
Mol of Na2CO3 = mass/molar mass
= 1.33/106
=0.01 mol
Equation:
2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
2 mol HCl : 1 mol Na2CO3
Mol HCl = 2 x 0.01
= 0.02 mol
Molarity of the concentrated HCl = mol/volume
= 0.02 x 27.1
= 0.542M

DISCUSSION
For rough titration, we set 0.00mL initial burette and got 27.0mL for final reading. So the
total volume of HCl needed to make the indicator colour change from yellow to red is
27.0mL. For titration 1, 2 and 3, we got 27.1mL volume of HCl needed to change the
indicator colour from yellow to red. So the average volume of HCl needed is 27.1mL. Overall,
the difference between the volumes of each titration are not more than 0.01mL. We
considered that this experiment was a success. We followed each instructions accurately to
make sure we made less mistakes and got an accurate result.

CONCLUSION
The molarity of the concentrated HCl after the preparation was found to be 0.542M which is
exactly as we expected. The concentration of the analyte is also found to be dependent on
the purity of the standard solution used. The results are acceptable and the objective
fulfilled.

REFERENCES
1)https://www.studocu.com/row/document/kyambogo-university/bachelor-of-science-
technology-chemistrty/practical/standardization-of-hydrochloric-acid/3002547/view
2)https://www.academia.edu/37498623/EXPERIMENT_1_STANDARDIZATION_OF_HCl_SOL
UTION_WITH_Na2CO3_PRIMARY_STANDARD