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Principles of Speech Delivery

1. Articulation
2. Modulation
3. Stage Presence
4. Facial expressions, gestures and movements
5. Audience Response

What is Extemporaneous Speech?

It is a type of public speaking that involves delivering a prepared but not memorized speech on
a given topic. It is often used in academic, competitive, or professional settings, where speakers
have to present their arguments, opinions, or information in a clear and persuasive way.

Benefits of Extemporaneous Speaking

● For the Speaker
○ It allows the speaker to showcase their knowledge, skill, and personality while
adapting to the situation.
○ It helps them to avoid the pitfalls of memorizing or reading a speech, such as
sounding robotic, boring, or forgetting their lines.
● For the Audience
○ It is more engaging, authentic, and credible, as they can see the speaker's
passion, confidence, and spontaneity.

Challenges of Extemporaneous Speech

● nervousness and time management anxiety

How to cope with nervousness and anxiety?

● Try taking deep and slow breaths to relax your muscles
● Visualize yourself giving a successful speech and focus on the positive outcomes.
● Acknowledge and accept your nervousness and anxiety, and don't try to hide or deny
them.
● Utilize humor, anecdotes, or questions to break the ice and establish rapport with your
audience.

How to prepare your extemporaneous speech?

● Outline your main points, subpoints, and supporting evidence, and arrange them in a
logical order.
● Use transitions, signposts, and summaries to connect and reinforce your ideas, and to
guide your audience.

Giving the Presentation

● Do not try and memorize what you will say.

● Use non-verbal communication. Step forward after the introduction. Take a few steps
when you start a new point.
● Remember to use hand gestures. Do not put your hands in your pockets.

Opening Statements

● The first point is... the second point is... and so on.
● Start off with a strong opening idea with confidence.
● Then try and organize your ideas in your head. If you know you have three points or
ideas to say, just start off simple by saying, "I would just like to talk about 3 points."
Transitions

● Decide on your transitions from one idea to the next. If you have more than one point to
make, you can use a natural transition such as, "My second point is... or my next point
is..."
● Maintain eye contact with the audience. Look down at your next idea or thought and then
regain eye contact with your audience.
● Speak clearly and with good volume. Be articulate.
● Remember the element of time is important in a speech.

Conclusion

● Inform the audience you are about to close.

● Summarize and recap your major ideas.
● Leave your audience with specific ideas about your topic.

How to improve your extemporaneous speech skills?

● watch and analyze examples of speeches

● challenge yourself to speak on different topics, occasions, and audiences, and to adapt
to different situations and feedback
● PRACTICE, you will become more comfortable and confident, and you will be able to
create your own style and voice

Organizational Forms
● Classification -- Puts items into categories in a speech.
● Problem/Solution -- Uses the first part of the speech to present the problem and the
second part to present the solution. Can also be used for persuasive speeches.
● Cause/Effect -- Uses the first part of the speech to outline the cause and the second to
describe the effect, and finally the last part to describe a possible solution.
● Spatial -- Organizes material according to physical space. It can be used for informative
and entertaining physical space topics.
● Topical -- Most common organizational pattern, which can present more than one topic
in an ordered fashion. Useful for informative and entertaining speeches.
● Chronological -- Uses a time sequence for the framework of the speech. It can also be
used for informative and persuasive speeches, both of which require background
information

Components of the Speech Writing Process

▪ Audience Analysis – consider the profile of your target audience

● - demography (age range, f-m ration, educational background, economic status,

etc.)
● - situation (time, venue, occasion, size)
● - psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, cultural background)

▪ Purpose for writing and delivering the speech - Informative (clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented by the speaker)

○ Entertainment (amusement)
○ Persuasive (well-argued ideas that can influence the audience’s own beliefs and
decisions)

▪ Selecting a Topic – focal point of a speech

● - can be determined once you know your purpose

● - something that interests you

Strategies Used in Selecting a Topic

○ personal experiences
○ free writing listing
○ asking questions
○ semantic webbing
▪ Narrowing Down a Topic – making your main idea more specific and focused

▪ Data Gathering – stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and references
relevant to your specific topic

▪ Writing Patterns – structures that will help you organize ideas related to your topics

○ BIOGRAPHICAL : presents descriptions of your life or of a person, famous or

not
○ CATEGORICAL/TOPICAL : presents related categories supporting the topic
○ CAUSAL CHRONOLOGICAL : presents the idea in time order presents cause-
effect relationships
○ COMPARISON/CONTRAST : presents comparison/contrast of two or three
points
○ PROBLEM-SOLUTION : presents an identified problem; its causes, and
recommended solutions

▪ Outline – hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas. If your outline is ready,
two-thirds of your speech writing is finished.

Parts of a Speech
▪ Introduction – foundation of the speech; goal is to get the attention of the audience

● - Use real life experience and connect it to your subject.

● - Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject. - Start with a
familiar or strong quote and explain its meaning.
● - Use facts or statistics and highlight its importance to your subject. - Tell a personal
story to illustrate your point.

▪ Body – provides explanations, examples, or details that can help you deliver your purpose and
explain the main idea of your speech

▪ Strategies

● - present real-life or practical examples

● - show statistics
● - present comparisons
● - share ideas from the experts

▪ Conclusion – restates the main idea of your speech; provides summary, emphasize the
message, and calls for action.

▪ Strategies

● - Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.

● - Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or stories
that are familiar to your audience.
● - Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or ponder.

Revising/Editing Written Speech

Principles of Speech Editing (Andre Dlugan, 2013)
1. Edit for Focus (everything is related)

2. Edit for Clarity (arranging ideas in a logical manner)

3. Edit for Concision (short, simple and clear)

4. Edit for Continuity (smooth flow of speech by adding transition words and phrases)

5. Edit for Variety (add spice by shifting the tone and style)

6. Edit for Impact and Beauty (make it memorable: descriptive images, well- crafted lines,
figures of speech, etc.)
Guidelines in Speech Writing

1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your audience, not
read.

2. Avoid jargon, acronyms or technical words because they can confuse the audience.

3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronounce “I,” but take care not to
overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your audience, use the personal
pronoun “we.”

4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and conversational tone
of your speech.

5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be careful of your language, jokes, and non- verbal cues.

6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.

7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.