Anterior Abdominal Hall

layers :

Ant wall
and elastic and
in
firm has
Eight layers
•
:

Its skin

121
Superficial fascia
muscle
131 External oblique
141 Internal oblique muscle
(51 Trans versus abdominis muscle

( 61 Fascia transversal's
( 71 Extra peritoneal tissue

Parietal
layer rg Peritoneum .

•
The deep fascia in absent in the anterior abdominal wall to

abdominal
allow the
bulging 1 distension of wall
after meal

or
during pregnancy
.

absent Perris scrotum

°

Deep fascia in also in ,

a Perineum .

Skin .

o
-

• Visible skin lines / Creases :

(a) Midline
groove 's line
[ Langer
.

(b) Linea semilunar is -

-
-

-
.

-
. .

-
-

- -
- -
- -
-

(C) Transverse
grooves
-
- - -
- - -
-

(d) Line Venus

g
( es Linea g
gravid arum

Langer 's Lines ( cleavage lines ) horizontally

°

run .

Therefore abdominal incisions should be

,

pnfeably given
horizontally so that wounds heal with no scar .
 Umbilicus
in Gt in most obvious feature of the anterior abdominal wall .

1219L .
in a normal puckered scar
representing site y attachment g
umbilical cord in
fetus .

Position
•
Adult = btw 23 & 14 vertebrae

Newborn -
- lower level than adult
Old Much more lower level
age
= .

Anatomical significance :

( 11 The venous blood and

lymph flow upward above umbilicus &

downward below its level .

(z, It indicates the level of Tio dermatome .

(3) It in one
of the important sites
of porto canal anastomosis .

Embryological significance :

H St in the
meeting point og four folds g embryonic plate .

(2) In embryonic life ,

a
defect
exists in Linea alba at this

site called umbilical

Ring .

°
Four important embryological
mbitsat
in
ligament m teres ( left umbilical Vr)
( 21 Two medial umbilical
ligaments
( og umbilical Arteries )
Median umbilical
(3) ligament .

( Remnant D Kracke → Allantois remain )

 Applied

Superficial Fascia :

Campeisfasua [ superficial Fatty layer ]

-
This
superficial fatty layer of superficial fascia g the
abdomen in continuous with the
superficial fascia of the
adjoining areas
of body .

it devoid and scrotum it

-
Over the
penis .
in
of fat ,
in ,
in

replaced by an
involuntary Bartos muscle -

Scarpatsfascia
This
deep fascia in made elastic type g fibrous tissue
up g
•
.

Some
features :

ca , In midline .
it in attached to Linea alba .
 (
b, on each side .
it in
separated from
oblique muscle
underlying external

by a
layer g
loose areolar layer .

(c) Below ,
cis gt attached to fascia later .

iiis Gt in
prolonged over
penis
to enclose it to base
up g
and forms ( fascia
glans Buck 's Fascia
g penis)
-

ciii , It covers the scrotum where it in replaced by darts

and with
muscle then continues
superficial fascia g
Colles '
perineum -

fascia .

Cutaneous Nerves :

Supplied by lower sin thoracic Nerves through intercostal

and subcostal nerves .

Most
°

inferior part by first lumbar

through iliohypogastic
and ilio
inguinal nerves .

Cutaneous Arteries :

• The anterior cutaneous arteries are branches

of superior
&
inferior epigastric arteries .

•
The lateral cutaneous arteries
[ Post intercostal Arteries ]
.

°
The three
superficial inguinal A .

[ Femoral Artery ]
(as
superficial Ext . Pudendal A ( scrotum & Penis )

lb ,
superficial Epigastric Artery
cc ,
superficial circumflex iliac artery ( supply skin g
inguinal Region)
 Heim
Fig Superficial
.

cutaneous Mein :

( is Below the umbilicus they run

downward and drain into the

great saphenous vein in

groin
and later in
Inf . Vena cava .

is , Above Umbilicus
,
they run toward the axilla and drain into
and thus
axillary vein in
superior vena cava .

Cutaneous Lymph less els :

• Above umbilicus ,
into
nodes
axillary lymph .

• Below the umbilicus ,

into
nodes
superficial inguinal lymph .
 Muscles of Anterior Abdominal Hall :

Rectus sheath
#

sheath abdominis muscle

St in
enclosing the rectus
°
.

.
Functions include :

ca ,
checking the
bowing of rectus abdominis muscle
during
its contraction and hence its
increasing efficiency .

do ,
Maintaining the
strength of the anterior abdominal
wall .

Features
rectus sheath
in The
presents
anterior and posterior walls .
(2) The anterior wall in
complete and covers

the extent muscle

entire
of .

⑦ The posterior wall in deficient above &

below and hence does not cover the entire

muscle .

Hi Above it attached to Costal

margin
G- th .
8th & 9th costal
cartilages ) .

151 Below it presents free curved margin with

a

concavity facing inferiorly called Arcuate line ( Line g Douglas)

between umbilicus
pubic symphysis & .

Contents :

in Two muscles :
Reclus abdominis and pyramidal :

H Two arteries :
Superior epigastric and
inferior
epigastric
Two Heins
(3) :
superior epigastric &
Inf epigastric
'
'

( posterior wall)
(4, Sin Nerves :

(a) Terminal
parts g
lower 6 thoracic
Nerves
( bi
.

Lower intercostal
5 Nerves .

cc , subcostal Nerve .

FA accompanied by Terminal
parts g Post intercostal vessels )
.

Applied :
 Deep Neris : Deep Arteries :

c "
superior Epigastric Artery .

in Muscato phrenic
Artery .

③ Inferior Epigastric Artery .

( 41 Deep Circumflex iliac Artery .

Common Abdominal Incisions .

② Media (med notes .

in )