Result and discussion

Design of seed box(hopper)

Seed hopper is a large trapezoidal prism shaped container with extensional parts that is used to
store the garlic seeds.to make the design analysis, let us make some assumptions.
Let: length of the bottom=4cm
Length of the top=18cm
Height of the hopper(h)=38cm
The area of the hopper is calculated as follow

A=1/2(4+18).38=418cm2
Volume of the hopper = Area of the hopper * Height between trapezium ends (18cm since it has a
square like structure)

V=A*18cm=418cm*18cm=7524cm3

Then the actual volume of seed box will be, the volume of the hopper minus the volume of the material.

So, the volume of the seed box material can be calculated as follow.

V=1/2(b1+b2).h*t

Where t is thickness of the material (i.e., 2mm mild steel)

V=1/2(4+18).38*0.2=83.6cm3

So, actual volume V =7524cm3-83.6cm3 =7440.4cm3

Capacity of hopper = The actual volume of seed box, cm3 * density of garlic plant g/cm3

7440.4cm3*0.57g/cm3 = 4241.028g=4.241kg

Weight of the garlic seed;

Weight of the garlic seed = mass of the garlic * acceleration due to gravity

W = 4.241kg*9.81m/s2 =41.6N

Mass of the hopper material

Mass of the hopper material=volume of the hopper material * density of the hopper material
(i.e., density of mild steel is 7.850g/cm3)

M=83.6cm3*7.850g/cm3 =656.26g=0.656276kg

The weight of the hopper material = The mass of the hopper material * acceleration due to gravity

W = 0.656276kg*9.81m/s2 = 6.4379N

Design of drive wheel

Drive wheel is a power transmission component, which is used to transmit rotational movement
to the seed cup using a set of chain drives by converting linear motion of pushing effect of a
human force in to rotational movement. The size of the drive wheel must match with the front
wheel which has a diameter of 38cm. It was observed that the diameter of power transmission
wheels used for seed drills/planters ranges from 30 to 70 cm. Diameter of 42cm, having width 3
cm and thickness of 0.5 cm was provided below the main frame of the machine. Twelve spikes
(3.7 cm × 3.0 cm × 0.5 cm) were provided on the outer periphery of the wheel to develop
sufficient grip for power transmission. Brajesh Nare et al., 2014.
So, in order to adjust the plant spacing, the diameter of power transmission wheel was taken as
38cm including the size of the spikes (i.e., Including the twelve spikes having a dimension of
3.7cm x 3.0cm x 0.5cm).
Design of chain and sprocket
From shaft analysis the speed N2___________
For an effective velocity ratio, the speed of rotation of smaller sprocket is N1 = 12 rpm (Devesh
Kumar 2017)
from Garg et al. (2003), the power generated by the man will be, P= 0.35hp = 260.995 watts.
Which is equivalent to the power Type equation here .transmitted by the shaft.
The velocity ratio of the chain drive is given by;
T 2 N1
V.R = = = _________________
T1 N2
Where
N1= Speed of rotation of smaller sprocket in r.p.m
N2= Speed of rotation of larger sprocket in r.p.m
T1= Number of teeth on the smaller sprocket
T2= Number of teeth on the larger sprocket
according to these velocity ratio the number of teeth on the smaller sprocket is selected. In order
to have smooth operation, the minimum number of teeth on the smaller sprocket or pinion must
be taken appropriately for moderate speed and high speed. The number of teeth on the smaller on
the smaller sprocket plays an important role in deciding the performance of a chain drive. A
small number of teeth tends to make the drive noisy. A large number off teeth makes chain pitch
smaller which is favorable for keeping the drive silent and reducing shock, centrifugal force and
friction force.
the number of teeth on the smaller sprocket or pinion (T1) for a velocity ratio of _____________
after selecting the number of teeth on the smaller sprocket, the number of teeth on the large
sprocket is calculated.
T 2 N1
V.R = =
T1 N2
N1
T2 = T1* = ___________
N2
The design power is calculated by the following relation.
Design power = rated power * service factor
Service factor-KS- is a measure of periodically overload capacity at which a motor can operate
without damaging. The service factor includes various factors including the load factor,
lubrication factor and rating factor.

1. Load factor (K1) = 1, for constant load

1.25, for variable load with mild shock
1.5, for heavy shock loads
2. Lubrication factor (K2) = 0.8, for continuous lubrication
1, for drop lubrication
1.5, for periodic lubrication
3. Rating factor (K3) = 1, for 8 hours per day
1.25, for 16 hours per day
1.5, for continuous service
In this cause these factors are selected in the following manner.
Load factor: for variable load K1 = 1.25
Lubrication factor: for periodic lubrication K2 = 1.5
Rating factor: for 8 hours per day K3 = 1
service factor (KS) =K1*K2*K3 =1.25*1.5*1 = 1.875
design power = rated power *KS = 0.261 * 1.875 = 0.4875
the next one is selecting the type of chain for the smaller sprocket having a speed of 12 r.p.m. in
this cause the 06B chain type of chain is selected from the standard.

Since the type of chain is selected, noting down the parameters of the chain, such as pitch, roller
diameter, minimum width of roller are selected from the standard table.
Pitch(p) = 9.525
Roller diameter (d1) = 6.35
Width of roller (b1) = 5.72
Breaking load = 8.9
For finding the pitch center diameter and the pitch line velocity of the smaller sprocket, the
following formula is used.
p
Pitch center diameter(D1) = 180 = __________
sin ⁡( )
T1
πD 1 N 1
Pitch line velocity = = __________
60
Determining the load applied on the chain
rated power
W= = _________
pitch line velocity
breakdown load Wb
Factor of safety = = = ___________
load on the chain W
Compare the value it must be greater than the value from the table.
The minimum Centre distance between the smaller and larger sprockets should be 30 to 50 times
the pitch. let us take it as 30 times the pitch.
center distance (x) = 30*p
T 1+T 2 2 X T 2−T 1 2 P
number of chain links (k) = + +[ ]
2 P 2π X
K = _______
Length of the chain(L) = K.P =___________
Design of seed metering mechanism

) Type of Chain
Roller Chain is selected for the application. PSG-7.71 (LFF)
2) Transmission Ratio PSG-7.74
i=2z1=n1n2i=2z1=n1n2

 Z1=Z1= Number of teeth on Sprocket Pinion.

 Z2=Z2= Number of teeth on Sprocket Wheel.
 n1=n1= Speed of rotation of Pinion, rpm
 n2=n2= Speed of rotation of Wheel, rpm
3) Selecting Standard Number of teeth on
Sprocket Pinion. (Z1Z1) PSG-7.74
Chain Drive Length Calculator
Enter C :

Enter N1 :

Enter N2 :

Result :
Sprocket Diameter Calculator
Enter p:

Enter N:

Diameter :

Angle Of Contact Calculator For Sprockets And

Chain
Enter C :

Enter D1 :

Enter D2 :

θ1:

θ2: