Empowerment

-Refers to process of giving yourself capacity to achieve a special end-goal.

- strategy that aims to give individuals the tools & resources necessary to take initiative, as well
as gather & analyze information or situations, thus making informed decisions to solve problems
& improve services.

COMPETENCIES FOR INFORMATION LITERACY

• Determines the nature & extent of information needed.

•Accesses the needed information effectively & efficiency.

•Uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.

•Understands many of the economic, legal, & social issues surrounding the use of information, &
accesses & uses information ethically & legally.

•Evaluates information & its resources critically & incorporates selected information into his/her
knowledge base & value system.

Technology literacy

o The ability to use digital technology, communication tools, and/or networks to define an
information need, access, manage, integrate & evaluate information, create new
information or knowledge and be able to communicate this information to others.

According to Harvard Business Review (2012), the top 3 requirements for applicants today are

1. ICT SKILLS
2. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
3. ANALYTICAL SKILLS

The Focus of technological advancement today

1. Integration of technology knowledge & skills in the 4C’s or 21st century skills.
2. Student’s college readiness.
Evolution of Web

1969 - ARPANET

1973 – FTP & TCP/IP

1976 - ETHERNET

1982 – INTERNET

1990 – WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

1994 - YAHOO

1995 - Java

1998 – Google

1999 - MySpace

2003 - Itunes

2004 - facebook

2005 – YouTube

2007 - tumblr

2009 - Bing

2010 – Pinterest

2012 – Vines

Tim Beners-Lee

•Invented the WWW in 1989

= Read-Only | Company Focus

• Web 2.0 in 2004

= Read-Write | Community Focus

•Web 3.0

=Portable & Personal | Individual Focus

LATEST TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

 AI & advance machine learning

  Intelligent Apps
 Intelligent Things
 Virtual & Augmented Reality
 Digital Twin
 Blockchain & Distribued Ledgers
 Conversational System
 Mesh app & services architecture
 Digital Technology Platforms
 Adaptive Security Architecture

Contextualized Search

o Defined as skilled way or searching the internet bases on the context provided, therefore
narrowing down the results given back to you by the search engine. Increases Chances of
you receiving the most appropriate reply to your query.

Research

- Is a systematic inquiry that attempts to provide solutions to existing problems &

questions using facts & data.

Forms of Research

o Original Research (primary source)

o Scientific research (providing explanations about the world)
o Humanities research (historical search)
o Artistic research (practice-bases research)

-They all have the same purpose to discover new information, interpret existing facts, to revise accepted
knowledge in light of newly discovered facts.

Thomas Edison

-inventor of Light bulb (

Humphry Davy

- Developed arc-lamp

Joseph Swan

- Discovered carbonized paper is better filament for light bulbs.

Professional researchers

- Produces results based on the works of their predecessors.

Research on Healthcare
 - A claim may mislead people or endanger their lives. There are still gaps in the body of
knowledge that humankind has produced, especially in medical science.

CHECK YOUR SOURCES

- Evaluate information you gather from your sources, whether they are from books, online
articles, news sites, or websites. (Currency, scope, authority, content).

ASK GOOD QUESTIONS

- Be specific when treating queries into research engines. It gives the research engine
proper context regarding what you are looking for, therefore enabling the engine to give
better search results.

 Go beyond the surface

- Be persistent in looking for more information regarding your topic.
 Be patient
- You may not find the exact answer to your query, but hits of data are scattered all over
the internet.
 Respect ownership
- Remember that everything in the internet has an own respective owner.
 Use your Networks
- The sources sited in Wikipedia can be a practical starting point in gathering credible
information.

ICT TOOLS useful in Research

 Google Search
 Google Scholar
 Online Journals
 Academic Websites

Intellectual Property Rights

- The biggest concern in IPR is stealing other people’s work.

- Another is when you use other people’s work and combine them with different work.

Intellectual Property Laws

- It is the right of people to maintain legal ownership or their works and ideas.

6 WAYS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

1. Paraphrasing – read the material you wish to use and replace it with your own words.
2. Cite- proper citation must be observed when referencing existing material
3. Quoting- directly quoting source material is recommended in order to avoid misquotation or
misinterpretation.
4. Citing quotes- The methods of citing quotes & paraphrased material generally differ.
 5. Citing your own material – it is necessary to cite yourself as you would the work of another
person.
6. Referencing- apart from citing direct quotes & paraphrased text, it is also important to provide a
page for reference & other materials used at the end of your work.

Microsoft Word

-is a word processing application developed by the Microsoft Corporation. It lets you create
documents for your assignments, term paper or research work, letters, & certificates or just edit
any text document.

Steps in creating Bibliography

1. Choose your reference style

- Style guides for your document. Style guides to choose from are APA, MLA, Chicago. To
do this, click the references tab, then select the desired style in the Citations &
Bibliography group.
2. Add Citations & Sources
-You need to cite the authors in your documents for the information you got from them.
To do this, click the insert citation command in the references tab, and select Add New
Source. A dialog box will appear. Just enter the requested information, like the author’s
name, title & publication details. Then click OK.
3. Insert the Bibliography. You can easily create the Bibliography or references at the end of your
document once you encode the list of sources in step 2. In the References tab, select the
Bibliography command, then choose the desired style.

How to run Spelling & Grammar Tool

1. Click the spelling & grammar command from the Review tab.
2. The Spelling & grammar pane will appear. Word will try to give one or more suggestions for
each error in your document. You can select a suggestion & click change to correct the error.
3. Word will move through each error until you have reviewed them all. After reviewing all the
errors, a dialog box will appear confirming that the spelling & grammar check is complete. Click
ok.
4. If no suggestions are given, you can manually type the correct spelling in your document.

To correct spelling errors:

1. Right-click the underlined word.

2. Select the correct spelling from the list of suggestions.
3. The error will be replaced by the correct word.

To correct grammar errors:

 1. Right-click the underlined word or phrase.
2. Select the correct spelling or phrase from the list of suggestions.
3. The error will be replaced by the collected phrase.

How to use Mail Merge

1. Create new word document

2. Under the Mailings tab, click on Start Mail Merge and select Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard.
3. Choose the type of document you want to create. Then click Next: Starting document.
4. Choose use the current document, then click Next: select recipients.
5. On the Mail Merge task pane, select use an existing list, then click browse.
6. File and click open
7. If you are using an excel workbook, select the worksheet that contains the list and press OK.
8. In the mail merge recipients dialog box, you can control the recipients included in the merge by
checking or unchecking each box. The default has all the recipients selected. Click OK when you
are done.
9. Click Next: Write your letter from the mail merge task pane to move to the next step.
10. You can now write your letter. When it’s printed, the recipient data will be different for each
copy, but the content lf the letter would be the same. You’ll need to add placeholders for the
recipient data so Mail Merge knows exactly where to add the data.

P – Parenthesis (ex. (1+2))

E – Exponential (ex. 2^3)

M – Multiplication (ex. 2*4)

D – Division (ex. 6/2)

A – Addition (ex. 7+3)

S – Subtraction (ex. 10-5)

Cell Reference

- Allows you to calculate values from specified cell addresses.

Cell Address

- Combination of a column letter and row number.

FUNCTION
 - Predefined formula in excel that performs calculations for a specific value using
reference cells.

3 parts of a function

 Equal sign
 Function name
 Argument

Sum: adds the values

Average: will get the average of all the values in cell

Count: counts the number of cells with numerical data

Max: gets the highest cell value

Min: gets the lowest cell value

SORTING- sort data quickly alphabetically, numerically, & in many other ways

TYPES OR SORTING

1. SORT SHEET- sort data in worksheet by one column. Example students to be arranged
according to their class number.
2. SORT RANGE- sort data in range of cells. Only contents of table will be sorted

FILTERING – narrows down data in your worksheet, allowing you to view only the information you need.

CHARTS- graphical representation of your workbook data that’s easier to visualize for comparisons and
trends.

Types of Charts

1. Column – uses vertical bars, use for comparing information.

2. Line- ideal for showing trends, connected by lines makes you see increase & decrease value over
time.
3. Pie- used compare proportions. Depicts values of percentage
4. Bar- just like column but uses horizontal bars
5. Area- just like line but areas under the line are shaded.
6. Surface- display data in 3D, lets you see variety of data at the same time, best with large data
sets.

TOP 10 SLIDE TIPS

 1. Keep it Simple
2. Limit bullet points & text
3. Limit transitions & builds
4. Use high-quality graphics
5. Have a visual theme, but avoid using PowerPoint templates
6. Use appropriate charts
7. Use color well
8. Choose your fonts well
9. Use video or audio
10. Spend time in the slide sorter

SmartArt

-using visualization will be vey useful when you present the results of your research.

- used for presenting information graphically. Consists of preset layout that enable you to easily
create graphics which cab effectively communicate information.

Point

- Establishes a position & acts as a visual focus.

Line

- Can work with other lines to create an illusion of distance, space, and depth.

Space

- Surface that acts as a visual container, drawing attention to other visual elements in a
layout.

Shape

- Combines lines, points, & space. Use to represent a real object.

 3 BASIC TYPES OF SHAPES

 Geometric – includes triangle, rectangle & circle

 Natural – formed from natural things like animals and plants.
 Abstract – icons, stylized figures, & illustrations are modified natural
shapes.

COLOR

- Produced by an object that reflects light.

- Can produce dramatic changes in a design when it is used to emphasize thing or create
images.
- Hue is the other name for color.
SIZE

- Refers to how large or small something is in a document.

TEXTURE

- The look or feel of a surface.

BALANCE

- Equal distribution of weight, which in design applies visual weight.

 TWO TYPES OF BALANCE
 Asymmetrical – uneven arrangement of elements such that one side of
design has more weight.
 Symmetrical – even distribution of elements in a design.

CONTRAST

- Placement of heavy & light elements within a page.

- This is the difference in value of the colors black & white.

EMPHASIS

- Distribution of heavy & light elements in a design.

RHYTHM

- Repetition of one or more elements in a design. It creates a mood & a sense of

movement.

UNITY

- Feeling of harmony that is created by all the parts & elements of a design.

GIF (Graphic File format )

- Most usable file format for the web is the GIF, which is the first file format supported by
web browsers.

PNG ( Portable Network Graphics )

- Compressed file format more often used for the web just like the graphic interchange
file format. Allows you to overlap covers to one another.

JPG ( Joint Photographic Experts Group )

- Standard file format known to many. Compresses high-quality static color images for the
easy transfer of files between print, media, & the web.

GRAPHIC DESIGN

- Concerned with elements of design such as typography, color, images, & use of space.

INFOGRAPHIC
 - Representation using colors, shapes, lines, & other visual elements is called data
visualization.

TYPES OF INFOGRAPHICS

 Visual Article – wordy content made more visual. Has strong title and lots of content.
 Timeline- outlines events chronologically, historical journey through interesting & relevant
content & design.
 Flowchart – designed to make the viewer answer series of questions to reach a particular
answer.
 Cheat Sheet- step by step process on how to do things.
 Comparison- visual comparison of two things best used with effective visual presentation &
large amount of data.
 Numerical- primary content is comprised by numbers, charts, or statistical data.
 Photo Infographic – designed in a simple manner using actual photos.
 Data Visualization- focuses on creative visualization. Highly dependent on design to be
effectively visualized.

FILE MANAGEMENT

- Process of naming, editing, storing, & sharing files.

Online file management & storage services

Google Drive

- Free file storage & synchronization service by Google which allows its users to store and
share files.

OneDrive

- Online storage service offered by Microsoft, which is available for its customers.

Dropbox

- A service that allows the user to edit a file and have that file sent to, & updated on, the
computers of that file’s collaborators who use the same service.

IMAGE HOSTING PLATFORMS

- Chances are high that the resolution, and thus the quality, of the videos and images that
you posted on Facebook weren’t as good as the original, since social media sites need to
reduce resolution of uploaded material to ensurw fast loading of content.

INSTAGRAM
 - Online mobile social networking service that allows its members to share life moments
through photos & videos & share them with either the public or only with specific
people.

IMGUR

- Recognized as one of the best image hosting sites where speed and quality of upload are
concerned.

GOOGLE PHOTOS

- Picasa was once a popular image organizer and viewer tool of Google, but the company
then decided to focus on creating a photo app that works seamlessly on all devices-
Google Photos.

FLICKR

- Allows for free photo sharing and hosting amongst social networking site users, has
editing features to enhance photos and organizes these photos into albums for sharing
at a later time.